# Azure Identity TS

> 使用多种凭据类型对 Azure 服务进行身份验证。当用户要求'Azure身份验证'、'Azure认证'、'Azure Identity'、'DefaultAzureCredential'、'Managed Identity'、'Service Principal'或'TypeScript Azure SDK认证'时使用。

- Skill: `kscz0000/azure-identity-ts` (Agent Skill)
- Install (CLI): `npx skillmds@latest add kscz0000/azure-identity-ts`
- Raw SKILL.md: https://api.skillmd.com/api/skills/kscz0000/azure-identity-ts/raw
- Safety review: pending
- Works with: Claude Code, Claude.ai, OpenAI Codex
- Category: DevOps & Infra
- Author: kscz0000 (https://skillmd.com/u/kscz0000)
- Updated: 2026-09-21
- Page: https://skillmd.com/skills/kscz0000/azure-identity-ts

---


# Azure Identity SDK for TypeScript

使用多种凭据类型对 Azure 服务进行身份验证。

## 安装

```bash
npm install @azure/identity
```

## 环境变量

### 服务主体（密钥）

```bash
AZURE_TENANT_ID=<tenant-id>
AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<client-id>
AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET=<client-secret>
```

### 服务主体（证书）

```bash
AZURE_TENANT_ID=<tenant-id>
AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<client-id>
AZURE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_PATH=/path/to/cert.pem
AZURE_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD=<optional-password>
```

### 工作负载身份（Kubernetes）

```bash
AZURE_TENANT_ID=<tenant-id>
AZURE_CLIENT_ID=<client-id>
AZURE_FEDERATED_TOKEN_FILE=/var/run/secrets/tokens/azure-identity
```

## DefaultAzureCredential（推荐）

```typescript
import { DefaultAzureCredential } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();

// Use with any Azure SDK client
import { BlobServiceClient } from "@azure/storage-blob";
const blobClient = new BlobServiceClient(
  "https://<account>.blob.core.windows.net",
  credential
);
```

**凭据链顺序：**
1. EnvironmentCredential
2. WorkloadIdentityCredential
3. ManagedIdentityCredential
4. VisualStudioCodeCredential
5. AzureCliCredential
6. AzurePowerShellCredential
7. AzureDeveloperCliCredential

## 托管标识

### 系统分配

```typescript
import { ManagedIdentityCredential } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new ManagedIdentityCredential();
```

### 用户分配（按 Client ID）

```typescript
const credential = new ManagedIdentityCredential({
  clientId: "<user-assigned-client-id>"
});
```

### 用户分配（按 Resource ID）

```typescript
const credential = new ManagedIdentityCredential({
  resourceId: "/subscriptions/<sub>/resourceGroups/<rg>/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/<name>"
});
```

## 服务主体

### 客户端密钥

```typescript
import { ClientSecretCredential } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new ClientSecretCredential(
  "<tenant-id>",
  "<client-id>",
  "<client-secret>"
);
```

### 客户端证书

```typescript
import { ClientCertificateCredential } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new ClientCertificateCredential(
  "<tenant-id>",
  "<client-id>",
  { certificatePath: "/path/to/cert.pem" }
);

// With password
const credentialWithPwd = new ClientCertificateCredential(
  "<tenant-id>",
  "<client-id>",
  { 
    certificatePath: "/path/to/cert.pem",
    certificatePassword: "<password>"
  }
);
```

## 交互式身份验证

### 基于浏览器的登录

```typescript
import { InteractiveBrowserCredential } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new InteractiveBrowserCredential({
  clientId: "<client-id>",
  tenantId: "<tenant-id>",
  loginHint: "user@example.com"
});
```

### 设备代码流程

```typescript
import { DeviceCodeCredential } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new DeviceCodeCredential({
  clientId: "<client-id>",
  tenantId: "<tenant-id>",
  userPromptCallback: (info) => {
    console.log(info.message);
    // "To sign in, use a web browser to open..."
  }
});
```

## 自定义凭据链

```typescript
import { 
  ChainedTokenCredential,
  ManagedIdentityCredential,
  AzureCliCredential
} from "@azure/identity";

// Try managed identity first, fall back to CLI
const credential = new ChainedTokenCredential(
  new ManagedIdentityCredential(),
  new AzureCliCredential()
);
```

## 开发者凭据

### Azure CLI

```typescript
import { AzureCliCredential } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new AzureCliCredential();
// Uses: az login
```

### Azure Developer CLI

```typescript
import { AzureDeveloperCliCredential } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new AzureDeveloperCliCredential();
// Uses: azd auth login
```

### Azure PowerShell

```typescript
import { AzurePowerShellCredential } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new AzurePowerShellCredential();
// Uses: Connect-AzAccount
```

## 主权云

```typescript
import { ClientSecretCredential, AzureAuthorityHosts } from "@azure/identity";

// Azure Government
const credential = new ClientSecretCredential(
  "<tenant>", "<client>", "<secret>",
  { authorityHost: AzureAuthorityHosts.AzureGovernment }
);

// Azure China
const credentialChina = new ClientSecretCredential(
  "<tenant>", "<client>", "<secret>",
  { authorityHost: AzureAuthorityHosts.AzureChina }
);
```

## Bearer Token 提供器

```typescript
import { DefaultAzureCredential, getBearerTokenProvider } from "@azure/identity";

const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();

// Create a function that returns tokens
const getAccessToken = getBearerTokenProvider(
  credential,
  "https://cognitiveservices.azure.com/.default"
);

// Use with APIs that need bearer tokens
const token = await getAccessToken();
```

## 核心类型

```typescript
import type { 
  TokenCredential, 
  AccessToken, 
  GetTokenOptions 
} from "@azure/core-auth";

import {
  DefaultAzureCredential,
  DefaultAzureCredentialOptions,
  ManagedIdentityCredential,
  ClientSecretCredential,
  ClientCertificateCredential,
  InteractiveBrowserCredential,
  ChainedTokenCredential,
  AzureCliCredential,
  AzurePowerShellCredential,
  AzureDeveloperCliCredential,
  DeviceCodeCredential,
  AzureAuthorityHosts
} from "@azure/identity";
```

## 自定义凭据实现

```typescript
import type { TokenCredential, AccessToken, GetTokenOptions } from "@azure/core-auth";

class CustomCredential implements TokenCredential {
  async getToken(
    scopes: string | string[],
    options?: GetTokenOptions
  ): Promise<AccessToken | null> {
    // Custom token acquisition logic
    return {
      token: "<access-token>",
      expiresOnTimestamp: Date.now() + 3600000
    };
  }
}
```

## 调试

```typescript
import { setLogLevel, AzureLogger } from "@azure/logger";

setLogLevel("verbose");

// Custom log handler
AzureLogger.log = (...args) => {
  console.log("[Azure]", ...args);
};
```

## 最佳实践

1. **使用 DefaultAzureCredential** — 在开发环境（CLI）和生产环境（托管标识）中均可工作
2. **禁止硬编码凭据** — 使用环境变量或托管标识
3. **优先使用托管标识** — 生产环境无需管理密钥
4. **合理限定凭据范围** — 在多租户场景中使用用户分配标识
5. **处理 token 刷新** — Azure SDK 会自动处理
6. **使用 ChainedTokenCredential** — 用于自定义回退场景

## 适用场景
本技能适用于执行概述中所述的工作流或操作。

## 限制
- 仅当任务明确匹配上述范围时使用本技能。
- 不要将输出视为环境特定验证、测试或专家审查的替代品。
- 如果缺少必要的输入、权限、安全边界或成功标准，请停下来请求澄清。