# Cloudflare

> Cloudflare platform management via Wrangler CLI, Agents SDK, and Browser Rendering REST API. Deploy Pages sites, manage Workers, KV namespaces, R2 buckets, D1 databases, Queues, Vectorize indexes, Workflows, and Hyperdrive connections. Build stateful AI agents with Code Mode (MCP tools as TypeScript APIs in sandboxed Workers). Also provides budget web scraping, crawling, screenshots, and PDF generation via cf_browser.py (Browser Rendering API). Use when deploying to Cloudflare, managing CF infrastructure, configuring wrangler.toml, working with CF storage services, setting up Cloudflare Pages projects, building AI agents on Workers, or when you need cheap/free web scraping as an alternative to Firecrawl. Triggers on Cloudflare, wrangler, Pages deploy, KV namespace, R2 bucket, D1 database, CF Workers, Cloudflare DNS, Vectorize, Queues, Workflows, Hyperdrive, cf_browser, Browser Rendering, budget scrape, Cloudflare Agents SDK, Code Mode, codemode, AI agent Workers, MCP tools to TypeScript.

- Skill: `majiayu000/cloudflare-5` (Agent Skill, multi-file: 2 files)
- Install (CLI): `npx skillmds add majiayu000/cloudflare-5`
- Raw SKILL.md: https://api.skillmd.com/api/skills/majiayu000/cloudflare-5/raw
- Safety review: pending
- Works with: Claude Code, Claude.ai, OpenAI Codex
- Category: DevOps & Infra
- Author: majiayu000 (https://skillmd.com/u/majiayu000)
- Updated: 2026-09-09
- Page: https://skillmd.com/skills/majiayu000/cloudflare-5

---


# Cloudflare & Wrangler CLI

Manage Cloudflare infrastructure from the terminal: Pages, Workers, KV, R2, D1, Queues, Vectorize, and more.

## Prerequisites

```bash
# Install
npm install -g wrangler

# Authenticate (opens browser OAuth flow)
wrangler login

# Verify
wrangler whoami
```

**Environment variables** (alternative to `wrangler login`):
- `CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN` — scoped API token (recommended for CI/CD)
- `CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID` — your account ID (found in dashboard URL)

## Quick Start

```bash
# Deploy a static site to Cloudflare Pages
npm run build && wrangler pages deploy out --project-name mysite
```

---

## Quick Reference

| Command | Purpose | Example |
|---------|---------|---------
| `wrangler pages deploy` | Deploy static site | `wrangler pages deploy out --project-name mysite` |
| `wrangler pages project list` | List Pages projects | `wrangler pages project list` |
| `wrangler deploy` | Deploy Worker | `wrangler deploy` |
| `wrangler dev` | Local dev server | `wrangler dev` |
| `wrangler tail` | Stream live logs | `wrangler tail my-worker` |
| `wrangler kv namespace list` | List KV namespaces | `wrangler kv namespace list` |
| `wrangler r2 bucket list` | List R2 buckets | `wrangler r2 bucket list` |
| `wrangler d1 list` | List D1 databases | `wrangler d1 list` |
| `wrangler secret put` | Set encrypted secret | `wrangler secret put API_KEY` |
| `wrangler whoami` | Check auth status | `wrangler whoami` |

**Full CLI reference:** `references/wrangler-commands.md`

---

## Pages

Primary use case for static site deployment (Next.js `output: 'export'`, Astro, etc.).

### Deploy

```bash
# Direct deploy (no git integration needed)
npm run build
wrangler pages deploy out --project-name worldwarwatcher

# With commit tracking
wrangler pages deploy out --project-name mysite --commit-hash $(git rev-parse HEAD) --commit-message "$(git log -1 --format=%s)"

# Preview deploy (non-production branch)
wrangler pages deploy out --project-name mysite --branch staging
```

### Project Management

```bash
wrangler pages project create mysite --production-branch main
wrangler pages project list
wrangler pages project delete mysite
```

### Deployment History & Rollback

```bash
wrangler pages deployment list --project-name mysite
wrangler pages deployment tail --project-name mysite    # Stream logs
```

To rollback: redeploy a previous build directory, or use the dashboard to promote an earlier deployment.

### Custom Domains

Custom domain management is **dashboard-only** — wrangler cannot add/remove custom domains for Pages projects. Use the Cloudflare dashboard:
1. Workers & Pages → project → Custom Domains → Add
2. CF auto-creates DNS records and provisions TLS

### Pages Config Files

Place `_headers` and `_redirects` in your static assets directory (e.g., `public/` for Next.js, Astro, Vite) — the build process copies them to the output root.

**Details:** `references/pages-config.md` — `_headers` format, `_redirects` format, framework presets, preview deploys.

---

## Workers

```bash
# Create new Worker project (C3 scaffolding)
npm create cloudflare@latest my-worker

# Local development (with hot reload)
wrangler dev

# Deploy to production
wrangler deploy

# Stream live logs
wrangler tail my-worker
```

Note: `wrangler init` is deprecated — use `npm create cloudflare@latest` instead.

---

## Agents SDK & Code Mode

Build stateful AI agents on Cloudflare Workers with durable state, MCP tool consumption, and sandboxed dynamic code execution.

**Code Mode** converts AI SDK and MCP tools into TypeScript APIs that LLMs write code against, executed in isolated V8 Worker sandboxes (millisecond cold start, fetch/connect blocked by default).

### Quick Start

```bash
# Scaffold an Agents project
npm create cloudflare@latest my-agent -- --template agents

# Install Code Mode
npm install @cloudflare/codemode ai zod
```

### Key Concepts

| Concept | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `Agent<Env, State>` | Base class for stateful agents on Workers (extends `DurableObject`) |
| `createCodeTool()` | Wraps AI SDK tools into a single code tool the LLM writes against |
| `DynamicWorkerExecutor` | Runs LLM-generated TypeScript in isolated V8 sandbox |
| `this.mcp.getAITools()` | Consume external MCP tools inside an Agent |
| `generateTypes()` | Auto-generate TypeScript declarations from tool definitions |
| `worker_loaders` binding | Required in wrangler.jsonc for Code Mode sandbox |

### When to Use

| Need | Approach |
|------|----------|
| Static API endpoint or cron | Standard Worker (`wrangler deploy`) |
| Stateful agent with conversations | Agents SDK (`extends Agent`) |
| LLM composing multiple tools dynamically | Code Mode (`@cloudflare/codemode`) |
| Consuming external MCP servers | Agents SDK with `this.mcp` |

**Note:** Dynamic Worker Loader API is in closed beta for production. Available locally via `wrangler dev`.

**Full API reference and examples:** `references/agents-sdk-codemode.md`

---

## Storage & Data Services

| Service | Purpose | Key Commands |
|---------|---------|-------------|
| **KV** | Key-value store | `kv namespace create/list`, `kv key put/get/list/delete` |
| **R2** | Object storage (S3-compatible) | `r2 bucket create/list`, `r2 object put/get/delete` |
| **D1** | SQLite database | `d1 create/list`, `d1 execute --remote`, `d1 migrations apply --remote` |
| **Queues** | Message queues between Workers | `queues create/list/delete`, `queues consumer add/remove` |
| **Vectorize** | Vector DB for AI/embeddings | `vectorize create/list/delete`, `vectorize insert` |
| **Hyperdrive** | Connection pooling for external DBs | `hyperdrive create/list/delete` |

**Important:** D1 commands default to the local dev database. Add `--remote` to target production:
```bash
wrangler d1 execute my-database --command "SELECT * FROM users" --remote
```

**Full command reference with all flags:** `references/wrangler-commands.md`

---

## Secrets

```bash
wrangler secret put SECRET_NAME          # Prompts for value
echo "value" | wrangler secret put SECRET_NAME  # From stdin
wrangler secret list
wrangler secret bulk secrets.json        # Bulk upload
```

---

## Common Workflows

### CI/CD with GitHub Actions

```yaml
# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
- name: Deploy to Cloudflare Pages
  uses: cloudflare/wrangler-action@v3
  with:
    apiToken: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }}
    accountId: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID }}
    command: pages deploy out --project-name mysite
```

Note: In CI/CD (non-interactive), create the project first with `wrangler pages project create` — auto-creation only works interactively.

### Tail Production Logs

```bash
wrangler tail my-worker --format pretty
wrangler pages deployment tail --project-name mysite
```

---

## Troubleshooting

```bash
# Check auth
wrangler whoami

# Re-authenticate
wrangler logout && wrangler login

# Check wrangler version
wrangler --version

# Verbose output for debugging
WRANGLER_LOG=debug wrangler pages deploy out --project-name mysite
```

- **"Authentication error"** — Run `wrangler login` or set `CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN`
- **"Project not found"** — Check project name: `wrangler pages project list`
- **"Build output not found"** — Verify build output directory exists. See `references/pages-config.md` for framework-to-directory mapping.
- **Pages deploy hangs** — Check `_headers`/`_redirects` syntax (no YAML, plain text format)
- **Deploy includes too many files** — Ensure `--directory` points to the build output only (e.g., `out/`, `dist/`), not the project root

---

---

## Browser Rendering (Web Scraping & Crawling)

Budget alternative to Firecrawl using Cloudflare's headless Chrome on the edge. Free tier: 10 min/day, 5 crawls/day, 100 pages/crawl. Static fetches (`--no-render`) are **free during beta**.

### Quick Start

```bash
# Single page to markdown
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py markdown https://example.com

# Free static fetch (no JS rendering, free during beta)
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py markdown https://example.com --no-render

# With filter pipeline (same as Firecrawl)
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py markdown https://docs.example.com | \
  python3 ~/.claude/skills/firecrawl/scripts/filter_web_results.py --sections "API" --max-chars 5000

# Multi-page crawl
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py crawl https://docs.example.com --limit 50

# Screenshot / PDF
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py screenshot https://example.com -o page.png
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py pdf https://example.com -o page.pdf

# AI-structured extraction (Workers AI, free tier included)
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py json https://example.com --prompt "Extract product names and prices"

# Extract links
python3 ~/.claude/skills/cloudflare/scripts/cf_browser.py links https://example.com
```

### When to Use CF Browser Rendering vs Firecrawl vs Scrapling

| Need | Best Tool | Why |
|------|-----------|-----|
| Clean markdown, reliable | `firecrawl scrape --only-main-content` | Best markdown quality, optimized for LLMs |
| Cheap/free JS-rendered scrape | `cf_browser.py markdown URL` | Free 10 min/day, $0.09/hr after |
| Free static page fetch | `cf_browser.py markdown URL --no-render` | FREE during beta |
| Multi-page crawl on a budget | `cf_browser.py crawl URL` | 5 free crawls/day, 100 pages each |
| Incremental re-crawl | `cf_browser.py crawl --modified-since` | Built-in cache, Firecrawl lacks this |
| Autonomous data finding (no URL) | `firecrawl_api.py agent` | No CF equivalent |
| Anti-bot / Cloudflare bypass | `scrapling --stealth` | Local, no API key |
| Web search + scrape | `firecrawl search --scrape` | No CF search API |
| Twitter/X content | `jina URL` | Only tool that works |

### Subcommands

| Command | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| `markdown` | Single page → markdown |
| `content` | Single page → rendered HTML |
| `crawl` | Multi-page async crawl (polls until done, or `--async`) |
| `status` | Check crawl job status |
| `cancel` | Cancel a running crawl |
| `screenshot` | Page screenshot (PNG) |
| `pdf` | Page → PDF |
| `links` | Extract all links |
| `scrape` | Extract elements via CSS selectors |
| `json` | AI-structured extraction (Workers AI) |

### Auth

Uses `CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID` + `CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN` (preferred) or `CLOUDFLARE_GLOBAL_API_KEY` + `CLOUDFLARE_EMAIL` (fallback). All in `~/.config/env/secrets.env`.

### Pricing

| Tier | Browser Hours | Crawl Limits |
|------|---------------|--------------|
| Free | 10 min/day | 5 jobs/day, 100 pages/job |
| Paid | 10 hr/month included, $0.09/hr after | 100,000 pages/job |

**Full API reference:** `references/browser-rendering-api.md`

---

## Reference Documentation

| File | Contents |
|------|----------|
| `references/wrangler-commands.md` | Full Wrangler CLI command reference with all flags |
| `references/pages-config.md` | Pages config: `_headers`, `_redirects`, build presets, env vars |
| `references/browser-rendering-api.md` | Browser Rendering REST API: endpoints, params, pricing, limits |
| `references/agents-sdk-codemode.md` | Agents SDK & Code Mode: API surface, wrangler config, security, examples |