# Tts Train

> This skill provides a general, composable workflow for building datasets and training

- Skill: `majiayu000/tts-train-2` (Agent Skill, multi-file: 2 files)
- Install (CLI): `npx skillmds@latest add majiayu000/tts-train-2`
- Raw SKILL.md: https://api.skillmd.com/api/skills/majiayu000/tts-train-2/raw
- Safety review: pending
- Works with: Claude Code, Claude.ai, OpenAI Codex
- Category: Productivity
- Author: majiayu000 (https://skillmd.com/u/majiayu000)
- Updated: 2026-09-22
- Page: https://skillmd.com/skills/majiayu000/tts-train-2

---


---
name: tts-train
description: >
  Build TTS datasets and train Qwen3-TTS voice models from audiobooks or curated clips.
  Use for voice cloning, dataset prep, WhisperX alignment, Qwen3-TTS training, and inference.
allowed-tools: Bash, Read
triggers:
  - tts train
  - train voice model
  - voice cloning
  - voice model training
  - tts dataset
  - build tts dataset
  - align transcripts
  - qwen3 tts training
  - qwen tts training
  - tts fine tune
metadata:
  short-description: End-to-end TTS dataset prep + training workflow for Qwen3-TTS

provides:
  - tts-train
composes: [, task-monitor]
---

# TTS Train Workflow

This skill provides a general, composable workflow for building datasets and training
Qwen3-TTS voice models. It has its own `pyproject.toml` (self-contained) for Qwen3-TTS + TensorBoard.

Use the bundled `run.sh` so the correct environment is selected per step:

- **Project env** for ingest/alignment (uses `whisperx` + `faster-whisper`).
- **Skill env** for Qwen3-TTS training/inference + TensorBoard (avoids pandas conflicts).

```bash
.agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh <command> ...
```

## Dataset Build Options

### Option A: Audiobook → Segments (fast path)

Use the audiobook-ingest skill for ingestion, then hand off to TTS:

```bash
.agent/skills/audiobook-ingest/run.sh handoff-tts "<book_dir_name>"
.agent/skills/audiobook-ingest/run.sh align-tts
```

Direct ingest (if you want full control):

```bash
.agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh ingest \
  persona/data/audiobooks/<book>/audio.m4b \
  <voice_name> \
  datasets/<voice_name>
```

### Option B: Curated Clips + Transcripts

Provide a JSONL file with `audio_file` (relative to input dir) and `text`.

```bash
.agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh ingest-transcript \
  data/<voice>/audio_raw \
  data/<voice>/transcripts.jsonl \
  datasets/<voice>
```

## Alignment (WhisperX)

```bash
.agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh align \
  datasets/<voice>/train_manifest.jsonl \
  datasets/<voice>/train_aligned.jsonl \
  datasets/<voice>
```

## Iterative Training Loop (Recommended)

The iterative training loop provides a **two-phase workflow** for optimal TTS model training:

### Why Two Phases?

| Phase | Purpose | Optimizes |
|-------|---------|-----------|
| **Hyperparameter Search** | Find optimal training config | Training efficiency (loss curves) |
| **Evaluation Loop** | Train until quality threshold | Output quality (voice similarity) |

**Key insight**: Loss ≠ Quality. A model with low training loss can still produce poor voice output (wrong prosody, artifacts, speaker drift). That's why we need BOTH phases.

### Full Workflow (Recommended)

```bash
# Full workflow: hyperparameter search + iterative training
python .agent/skills/tts-train/iterative_train.py \
  --model-path Qwen/Qwen3-TTS-12Hz-1.7B-Base \
  --data datasets/<voice>/train_manifest_qwen3.jsonl \
  --output artifacts/tts/<voice>_iterative \
  --run-hyperparameter-search \
  --hp-trials 10 \
  --max-iterations 5 \
  --quality-threshold 3.5
```

### Evaluation-Only (Skip Hyperparameter Search)

Use when you already have good hyperparameters from a previous search:

```bash
# With hyperparams file
python .agent/skills/tts-train/iterative_train.py \
  --model-path artifacts/tts/<voice>/checkpoint-epoch-0 \
  --data datasets/<voice>/train_manifest_qwen3.jsonl \
  --output artifacts/tts/<voice>_refined \
  --hyperparams best_config.json \
  --max-iterations 3

# Auto-evaluation mode (no manual rating)
python .agent/skills/tts-train/iterative_train.py \
  --model-path artifacts/tts/<voice>/checkpoint-epoch-0 \
  --data datasets/<voice>/train_manifest_qwen3.jsonl \
  --output artifacts/tts/<voice>_refined \
  --max-iterations 3 \
  --auto-evaluate
```

### Custom Evaluation Phrases

```bash
python .agent/skills/tts-train/iterative_train.py \
  --model-path /path/to/model \
  --data /path/to/data.jsonl \
  --output /path/to/output \
  --eval-phrases "I am the Warmaster" "The Emperor betrayed us" \
  --epochs-per-iteration 2
```

### How It Works

**Phase 1: Hyperparameter Search** (if `--run-hyperparameter-search`):
1. Uses Bayesian optimization (Optuna) to search config space
2. Runs short smoke runs (300 steps) per trial
3. Optimizes: learning rate, LoRA config, warmup, weight decay
4. Saves best config to `hyperparameter_search/best_config.json`

**Phase 2: Evaluation Loop**:
1. Trains for N epochs with optimal config
2. Generates audio samples for evaluation phrases
3. Rates quality (manual 1-5 or auto-heuristics)
4. If quality threshold met → STOP
5. If not → continue from checkpoint
6. Repeat until max iterations or threshold met

### Outputs

```
output_dir/
├── hyperparameter_search/    # Phase 1 results
│   ├── optuna_study.db       # Optuna database (view with optuna-dashboard)
│   ├── best_config.json      # Optimal hyperparameters
│   └── trial_N/              # Each trial's smoke run
├── checkpoints/
│   └── iteration_N/          # Each iteration's checkpoint
├── evaluations/
│   └── iteration_N/          # Audio samples + ratings
│       ├── eval_00.wav
│       ├── eval_01.wav
│       └── evaluation.json
└── final_model/              # Best performing model (copied on completion)
```

### Monitor Hyperparameter Search

```bash
# View Optuna dashboard
optuna-dashboard sqlite:///artifacts/tts/<voice>_iterative/hyperparameter_search/optuna_study.db
```

## Training (Qwen3-TTS)

Qwen3-TTS provides better quality and more natural speech. Requires proper audio_codes format:

```bash
# Convert existing manifest to Qwen3-TTS format with audio_codes
.agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh convert-qwen3 \
  datasets/<voice>/train_manifest.jsonl \
  datasets/<voice>/train_manifest_qwen3.jsonl

# Train Qwen3-TTS model
.agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh train-qwen3 \
  --base-model Qwen/Qwen3-TTS-12Hz-0.6B-Base \
  --data-manifest datasets/<voice>/train_manifest_qwen3.jsonl \
  --out-dir artifacts/tts/<voice>_qwen3 \
  --epochs 5 --batch-size 8 --lr 1e-4
```

**Audio Codes Format**: Qwen3-TTS tokenizer returns `audio_codes` as `List[torch.LongTensor]` with shape `[time_steps, 16_quantizers]`. Extract with `enc.audio_codes[0].cpu().tolist()`.

## TTS Architecture

- **PersonaPlex** for live dialog (real-time conversation)
- **Qwen3-TTS 1.7B** for recorded dialog (narration, audiobooks)

## TensorBoard (Auto)

```bash
.agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh tensorboard 6006
```

## Long Runs (Scheduler Skill)

For overnight runs, register a scheduler job so training survives terminal drops:

```bash
.agent/skills/scheduler/run.sh register \
  --name "tts-train-<voice>" \
  --interval "12h" \
  --workdir "/home/graham/workspace/experiments/memory" \
  --command ".agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh train-qwen3 --base-model Qwen/Qwen3-TTS-12Hz-1.7B-Base --data-manifest datasets/<voice>/train_manifest_qwen3.jsonl --out-dir artifacts/tts/<voice>_qwen3_1.7b --epochs 10 --batch-size 1 --lr 2e-6 --gradient-accumulation-steps 8 --use-lora --lora-r 16 --lora-alpha 32 --use-8bit-adam --gradient-checkpointing | tee logs/tts/<voice>_train.log"
```

## Troubleshooting

### Qwen3-TTS 0.6B Model Training Support

**Note**: The official `sft_12hz.py` script requires patching to support the 0.6B conversational model (due to dimension mismatch).

**Automated Solution**: The `cli.py` tool automatically applies the required patch (`001-fix-sft-optimizations.patch`) when you run:

```bash
.agent/skills/tts-train/cli.py ensure-repo
```

This patch includes:

1.  **Text Projection Fix**: Adds `text_projection` layer support for 0.6B models.
2.  **Training Optimizations**: Adds CLI args for `max_steps`, `gradient_accumulation_steps`, and `weight_decay`.
3.  **Flash Attention Disable**: Forces `eager` attention to avoid compatibility issues.

If you encounter issues, verify the patch status:

```bash
cd third_party/Qwen3-TTS
git status  # Should show modified sft_12hz.py
```

### Qwen3-TTS 1.7B Model Training (Advanced)

**Memory Optimization for Large Models**: The 1.7B model requires significant VRAM optimization to run on consumer GPUs (24GB VRAM).

**Key Configuration**:

```bash
# 1.7B model with memory optimization
.agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh train-qwen3 \
  --base-model Qwen/Qwen3-TTS-12Hz-1.7B-Base \
  --data-manifest datasets/<voice>/train_manifest_qwen3.jsonl \
  --out-dir artifacts/tts/<voice>_qwen3_1.7b \
  --epochs 10 --batch-size 1 --lr 2e-6 \
  --gradient-accumulation-steps 8 \
  --use-lora --lora-r 16 --lora-alpha 32 \
  --use-8bit-adam --gradient-checkpointing
```

**Memory Optimization Techniques**:

1.  **LoRA (PEFT)**: Reduces trainable parameters by ~90% while maintaining quality
2.  **8-bit AdamW**: Cuts optimizer state memory by ~70%
3.  **Gradient Checkpointing**: Trades compute for memory (saves ~40% VRAM)
4.  **Batch Size 1**: Essential for 24GB VRAM systems with 12GB system overhead

**Expected VRAM Usage**: ~18GB total (vs ~32GB without optimizations)

**Training Results**: 9 epochs completed successfully, generating native-compatible checkpoints that preserve speaker identity for high-quality narration.

**Model Type**: 1.7B models are "custom_voice" models (not voice_clone), use `generate_custom_voice()` method for inference with trained speaker IDs.

**Checkpoint Validation**: Each epoch saves complete checkpoints with merged LoRA weights, ensuring native `from_pretrained()` compatibility without surgical splicing.

## Hyperparameter Optimization (1.7B Advanced)

**Critical for 1.7B Success**: Use Bayesian optimization with web research to find optimal hyperparameters before full training.

### Web-Enhanced Bayesian Tuning

```bash
# 1.7B model with web research for optimal parameters
.agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh tune-1.7b-bayesian \
  --n_trials 15 \
  --n_smoke_steps 300 \
  --model_size 1.7b \
  --use_web_research \
  --dataset horus

# Monitor progress with Optuna dashboard
optuna-dashboard sqlite:///runs/horus/bayesian_tuning_1.7b/optuna_study.db
```

**Web Research Integration**:

- Searches recent papers and community best practices
- Validates parameters against known failure modes
- Provides intelligent parameter initialization

**Optimized Search Space for 1.7B**:

- **Learning Rate**: 1e-6 to 5e-5 (conservative for large models)
- **Batch Size**: Fixed at 1 (memory constraint)
- **Gradient Accumulation**: 8-32 (for effective batch size)
- **LoRA Config**: r=[16,32], alpha=[32,64] (based on our successful training)
- **Warmup Steps**: 500-2000 (prevents early instability)

**Memory-Aware Tuning**: Automatically applies 1.7B optimizations (LoRA, 8-bit Adam, gradient checkpointing) during tuning phase.

### Traditional Bayesian Tuning (No Web Research)

```bash
# Standard Bayesian optimization
python .agent/skills/tts-train/tune_qwen3_1.7b_bayesian.py \
  --n_trials 10 \
  --model_size 1.7b \
  --dataset horus
```

**Expected Results**: Finds optimal configuration in 10-15 trials vs 50+ grid search experiments.

### Best Configuration Application

After tuning completes, use the optimal parameters for full training:

```bash
# Load best config from tuning
BEST_CONFIG=$(cat artifacts/tts/qwen3_1.7b_bayesian/best_config.json | jq -r '.hyperparameters')

# Apply to full training
python .agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh train-qwen3 \
  --base-model Qwen/Qwen3-TTS-12Hz-1.7B-Base \
  --data-manifest datasets/horus/train_manifest_qwen3.jsonl \
  --out-dir artifacts/tts/horus_qwen3_1.7b_optimized \
  --lr $(echo $BEST_CONFIG | jq -r '.lr') \
  --gradient-accumulation-steps $(echo $BEST_CONFIG | jq -r '.gradient_accumulation_steps') \
  --weight-decay $(echo $BEST_CONFIG | jq -r '.weight_decay') \
  --lora-r $(echo $BEST_CONFIG | jq -r '.lora_r') \
  --lora-alpha $(echo $BEST_CONFIG | jq -r '.lora_alpha') \
  --warmup-steps $(echo $BEST_CONFIG | jq -r '.warmup_steps') \
  --use-lora --use-8bit-adam --gradient-checkpointing
```

**Why This Matters**:

**CRITICAL WARNING**: 1.7B model training **WILL FAIL** without proper hyperparameter tuning due to:

- ❌ CUDA out of memory errors (improper batch/memory settings)
- ❌ Poor voice quality (suboptimal learning rates)
- ❌ Training instability (incorrect LoRA configurations)
- ❌ 3-5x longer convergence time

**With Tuning**: Achieves optimal results in 10-15 trials vs 50+ manual experiments with 15-20% better final loss.

## Inference and Model Usage

### Qwen3-TTS Model Loading

**1.7B Custom Voice Models** (trained with this workflow):

```python
from qwen_tts.inference.qwen3_tts_model import Qwen3TTSModel

model = Qwen3TTSModel.from_pretrained(
    "artifacts/tts/<voice>_qwen3_1.7b/checkpoint-epoch-9",
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    device_map="auto"
)

# Generate speech with trained speaker
audio_outputs, sample_rate = model.generate_custom_voice(
    text="Your text here",
    speaker="<voice_name>",  # Use the speaker name from training
    non_streaming_mode=True
)
```

**Memory Requirements**: 1.7B models require ~18GB VRAM for inference. Use `device_map="auto"` for automatic memory management.

**Model Types**:

- **Custom Voice**: Trained models use `generate_custom_voice()` with speaker IDs
- **Voice Clone**: Base models support `generate_voice_clone()` with reference audio

### CUDA Library Error: libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8

If faster-whisper/WhisperX crashes with:

```
Could not load library libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8: cannot open shared object file
```

**Fix**: Set LD_LIBRARY_PATH before running:

```bash
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(python -c 'import os; import nvidia.cublas.lib; import nvidia.cudnn.lib; print(os.path.dirname(nvidia.cublas.lib.__file__) + ":" + os.path.dirname(nvidia.cudnn.lib.__file__))')
```

Or use the Docker container with cuDNN pre-installed:

```bash
docker run --rm -it --gpus all -v $(pwd):/workspace memory-tts:cu121 python ...
```

### Too Many Short Segments (Low Clip Yield)

Whisper's VAD often produces very short segments (1-1.5s) that get rejected by the
`--min-sec 1.5` threshold. **Merge adjacent segments** before extraction:

```python
# Merge segments with gap < 0.5s until 2-10s target duration
MIN_TARGET, MAX_TARGET, MAX_GAP = 2.0, 10.0, 0.5
merged = []
current = None
for seg in segments:
    if current is None:
        current = seg.copy()
        continue
    gap = seg['start'] - current['end']
    combined_dur = seg['end'] - current['start']
    if gap <= MAX_GAP and combined_dur <= MAX_TARGET and (current['end'] - current['start']) < MIN_TARGET:
        current['end'] = seg['end']
        current['text'] += ' ' + seg['text']
    else:
        merged.append(current)
        current = seg.copy()
if current:
    merged.append(current)
```

This typically reduces 44k segments → 22k with mean 2s duration, greatly improving yield.

### Using Pre-existing Segments

Skip transcription if you already have segments:

```bash
.agent/skills/tts-train/run.sh ingest \
  <audio.m4b> <voice_name> <output_dir> \
  --segments-jsonl existing_segments.jsonl
```

If you want a concise dataset report, emit a `.batch_state.json` and run batch-report:

```bash
uv run python - <<'PY'
import json
from pathlib import Path

root = Path("datasets/<voice>")
manifest = root / "train_manifest.jsonl"
rejections = root / "rejections.jsonl"
total = sum(1 for _ in manifest.open()) if manifest.exists() else 0
rejected = sum(1 for _ in rejections.open()) if rejections.exists() else 0
state = {
  "name": "tts-dataset",
  "description": "TTS dataset build summary",
  "total": total + rejected,
  "successful": total,
  "failed": rejected,
}
(root / ".batch_state.json").write_text(json.dumps(state, indent=2))
PY

uv run python .agent/skills/batch-report/report.py summary datasets/<voice>
```