# Mariadb Numeric Functions > Reference for MariaDB numeric and math functions, covering rounding, division, powers, logs, trigonometry, randomness, base conversion, checksums, and formatting, with guidance on exact-vs-approximate types and division-by-zero behavior. - Skill: `mariadb-corporation/mariadb-numeric-functions` (Agent Skill) - Install (CLI): `npx skillmds add mariadb-corporation/mariadb-numeric-functions` - Raw SKILL.md: https://api.skillmd.com/api/skills/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-numeric-functions/raw - Safety review: PASS (external: skill-scanner PASS, skillspector PASS) - Works with: Claude Code, Claude.ai, OpenAI Codex - Category: Data & Analytics, SQL & Databases - Tags: Base Conversion, Division, Mariadb, Math Functions, Numeric Functions, Rounding, Sql, Trigonometry - Author: mariadb-corporation (https://skillmd.com/u/mariadb-corporation) - Updated: 2026-08-22 - Page: https://skillmd.com/skills/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-numeric-functions --- # MariaDB Numeric Functions *Last updated: 2026-06-24* Catalog of every built-in numeric/math function in MariaDB, with signature and a one-line semantic summary per entry. For a function not listed here, fall back to the canonical reference at . > **Default context:** Assume MariaDB **11.8 LTS** (GA May 2025) unless the user states another version. Functions with a `*(since X.Y)*` annotation are only available from that version onward; everything else is in every current LTS branch (10.6, 10.11, 11.4, 11.8). ## What LLMs Often Miss | If the agent writes / assumes… | …prefer the MariaDB form | |---|---| | `a / b` between two integers returns an integer (e.g. `7/2 = 3`) | `/` **always returns a decimal** — `7/2` is `3.5000` (four fractional digits by default, via `div_precision_increment`). Use `a DIV b` for integer (toward-zero) division | | `7 DIV 2` returns a float or rounds | `DIV` returns an **integer**, discarding the remainder (`3`); it's `BIGINT`-based. Get the remainder with `MOD` / `%` | | `x / 0` raises a division-by-zero error | By default it returns **`NULL`**. You get an error only when `ERROR_ON_DIVISION_BY_ZERO` is in `sql_mode` (it's part of the default strict mode). Same for `MOD` by zero | | `ROUND(2.5)` uses banker's rounding (round-half-to-even) | For **`DECIMAL`/exact** values MariaDB rounds **half away from zero**: `ROUND(2.5)=3`, `ROUND(-2.5)=-3`. For **`FLOAT`/`DOUBLE`** the platform C library decides, so results can differ between operating systems — round a `DECIMAL` if you need determinism | | Storing money in `FLOAT`/`DOUBLE` and rounding for display | `FLOAT`/`DOUBLE` are **approximate** (`0.1 + 0.2 != 0.3`). Use `DECIMAL(p,s)` for currency and anything needing exactness (up to 38 digits) | | `TRUNCATE(x, d)` and `TRUNCATE TABLE` are related | They're unrelated despite the name. `TRUNCATE(X, D)` is the **function** that chops to `D` decimal places toward zero; `TRUNCATE TABLE` is the **DDL statement** that empties a table (see `mariadb-drop-table`) | | `FLOOR(x)` / `CEILING(x)` always return a `BIGINT` | The return type **follows the argument**: integer/string/double args yield `BIGINT`, but a `DECIMAL` argument yields a **`DECIMAL`**. Don't assume the result fits an integer column | | `RAND()` is fine for security tokens or unbiased sampling | `RAND()` is **not cryptographically secure**; `RAND(N)` with a constant seed is **repeatable** (good for tests, not secrets), and `RAND()` is unsafe for statement-based replication. `ORDER BY RAND()` scans the whole table — avoid on large ones | | `MOD(n, 0)` errors, or `MOD` of a negative behaves like Python's `%` | `MOD` returns **`NULL`** for a zero divisor (unless `ERROR_ON_DIVISION_BY_ZERO`), and the result **takes the sign of the dividend** (`-7 MOD 3 = -1`), not the divisor. `N % M`, `N MOD M`, `MOD(N,M)` are equivalent | | `FORMAT(n, 2)` returns a number you can compute with | `FORMAT` returns a **string** with locale-aware thousands separators (`'1,234,567.89'`). Feeding it back into arithmetic re-parses and truncates at the first separator | | `CONV(n, 10, 62)` works on every version | Bases up to **62** are supported *(since 11.4)*; earlier versions cap at base 36. `CONV` returns a string at 64-bit precision | | `CRC32('abc')` is unary and `CRC32C` always exists | `CRC32` gained an optional rolling-checksum argument — `CRC32([par,] expr)` — and `CRC32C` (Castagnoli, as used by InnoDB/MyRocks) was added, both *(since 10.8)* | ## Related operators Arithmetic lives partly as **operators**, not functions, so they aren't in the catalog below: - **`/`** — division; always returns a decimal. `div_precision_increment` (default 4) sets the fractional digits. - **`DIV`** — integer division (toward zero). - **`%` / `MOD`** — modulo; result takes the dividend's sign; `NULL` on zero divisor unless strict mode errors. `FORMAT()` (locale-aware number-to-string) and `HEX`/`BIN` are catalogued under **`mariadb-string-functions`**, not here. ## Functions Auto-generated from the canonical `server/reference/sql-functions/numeric-functions/` pages by `agent-skills/extractor/extract_function_category.py`; regenerate when the doc tree changes. Do not hand-edit between the markers. ### ABS `ABS(X)` Returns the absolute (non-negative) value of `X`. ### ACOS `ACOS(X)` Returns the arc cosine of `X`, that is, the value whose cosine is `X`. ### ASIN `ASIN(X)` Returns the arc sine of X, that is, the value whose sine is X. ### ATAN `ATAN(X)` Returns the arc tangent of X, that is, the value whose tangent is X. ### ATAN2 `ATAN(Y,X), ATAN2(Y,X)` Returns the arc tangent of the two variables X and Y. ### CEIL `CEIL(X)` `CEIL()` is a synonym for CEILING(). ### CEILING `CEILING(X)` Returns the smallest integer value not less than X. ### CONV `CONV(N,from_base,to_base)` Converts numbers between different number bases. ### COS `COS(X)` Returns the cosine of X, where X is given in radians. ### COT `COT(X)` Returns the cotangent of X. ### CRC32 `CRC32([par,]expr)` Computes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value and returns a 32-bit unsigned value. ### CRC32C `CRC32C([par,]expr)` MariaDB has always included a native unary function CRC32() that computes the CRC-32 of a string using the ISO 3309 polynomial that used by zlib and many others. ### DEGREES `DEGREES(X)` Returns the argument _`X`_, converted from radians to degrees. ### DIV `DIV` Integer division. ### EXP `EXP(X)` Returns the value of e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power of X. ### FLOOR `FLOOR(X)` Returns the largest integer value not greater than X. ### LN `LN(X)` Returns the natural logarithm of X; that is, the base-e logarithm of X. ### LOG `LOG(X), LOG(B,X)` If called with one parameter, this function returns the natural logarithm of X. ### LOG10 `LOG10(X)` Returns the base-10 logarithm of X. ### LOG2 `LOG2(X)` Returns the base-2 logarithm of X. ### MOD `MOD(N,M), N % M, N MOD M` Modulo operation. ### OCT `OCT(N)` Returns a string representation of the octal value of N, where N is a longlong (BIGINT) number. ### PI `PI()` Returns the value of π (pi). ### POW `POW(X,Y)` Returns the value of X raised to the power of Y. ### POWER `POWER(X,Y)` This is a synonym for POW(), which returns the value of X raised to the power of Y. ### RADIANS `RADIANS(X)` Returns the argument _`X`_, converted from degrees to radians. ### RAND `RAND(), RAND(N)` Returns a random DOUBLE precision floating point value v in the range 0 <= v < 1.0. ### ROUND `ROUND(X), ROUND(X,D)` Rounds the argument `X` to `D` decimal places. ### SIGN `SIGN(X)` Returns the sign of the argument as -1, 0, or 1, depending on whether X is negative, zero, or positive. ### SIN `SIN(X)` Returns the sine of X, where X is given in radians. ### SQRT `SQRT(X)` Returns the square root of X. ### TAN `TAN(X)` Returns the tangent of X, where X is given in radians. ### TO_NUMBER `TO_NUMBER(number_or_string_subject)` The function returns the `DOUBLE` data type for all signatures and input data types. ### TRUNCATE `TRUNCATE(X,D)` Returns the number X, truncated to D decimal places. ### XXH3 `XXH3(expr)` `XXH3` returns a fast, non-cryptographic xxHash of a text value as a 64-bit number (`BIGINT UNSIGNED`). *(since 13.1)* ### XXH32 `XXH32(expr)` `XXH32` returns a fast, non-cryptographic xxHash of a text value as a 32-bit number (`INT UNSIGNED`). *(since 13.1)* ## See Also - **`mariadb-create-table`** — choosing `DECIMAL` vs `FLOAT`/`DOUBLE` for the columns these functions operate on - **`mariadb-drop-table`** — the `TRUNCATE TABLE` statement (not the `TRUNCATE()` function above) - **`mysql-to-mariadb`** (topical) — division-by-zero `sql_mode` behavior and money-in-`DECIMAL` guidance - Canonical reference on `mariadb.com/docs`: _This page is: Copyright © 2026 MariaDB. All rights reserved._