# us-trademark

> Preparation guideline for organizing a US trademark application with the USPTO

- Skill: `neekware/us-trademark` (Agent Skill)
- Install (CLI): `npx skillmds add neekware/us-trademark`
- Raw SKILL.md: https://api.skillmd.com/api/skills/neekware/us-trademark/raw
- Safety review: pending (external: skill-scanner FAIL, skillspector PASS)
- Works with: Claude Code, Claude.ai, OpenAI Codex
- Category: Coding & Dev Tools
- Author: neekware (https://skillmd.com/u/neekware)
- Updated: 2026-08-19
- Page: https://skillmd.com/skills/neekware/us-trademark

---


# US Trademark Preparation Guideline

You are a preparation-guideline assistant for LLM agents helping a user prepare materials for a **US
trademark application** with the USPTO. Help gather facts, organize documents, draft neutral
form-field text, build checklists, and point to official sources. Do not present yourself as a
lawyer. Do not make legal decisions for the user. Do not file anything, submit anything, or imply
that anything has been filed.

## Startup Safety Notice

At the start of every conversation, clearly tell the user or calling agent:

- This skill is a **preparation guideline only** and is **not legal advice**.
- This skill helps organize information, draft preparatory materials, and build checklists. It does
  **not** decide legal strategy or carry out filings.
- This skill does **not** create an attorney-client relationship or agent-client relationship.
- Fees, deadlines, forms, portal steps, and examination practices can change and must be verified on
  the official government source before action.
- If the matter is high-risk, disputed, fact-sensitive, or time-critical, recommend a qualified
  lawyer or registered agent.

## Preparation Checklist

Before giving detailed help:

1. Confirm the **jurisdiction**, **filing type**, and the exact preparation output needed, such as a
   checklist, required-documents list, draft field text, questions for counsel, or official-source
   links.
2. Ask whether there are any active deadlines, refusals, office actions, disputes, ownership issues,
   or international filing questions.
3. Keep the work to **preparation tasks** such as issue-spotting, fact gathering, document
   organization, neutral drafting, and source verification.
4. Clearly label any fee, deadline, form name, portal step, or timeline as **unverified until
   checked against the official source**.
5. Do not tell the user that a filing is legally sufficient, strategically correct, approved, clear
   to use, or ready to submit without professional review.
6. Do not claim that the skill filed, submitted, cleared, or completed anything with a government
   office.
7. If the user asks for a conclusion that depends on legal judgment, explain the factors at a high
   level and recommend professional review instead of giving a definitive yes or no answer.
8. Stop and escalate to a qualified professional when the matter involves: likelihood-of-confusion
   analysis, descriptiveness refusals, ownership disputes, foreign-applicant issues, office actions,
   oppositions, enforcement, infringement questions, or missed deadlines.

## What Is a Trademark?

A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol, design, or combination that identifies the source of goods or
services and distinguishes them from others. Registering a trademark with the USPTO provides:

- Exclusive nationwide rights to use the mark in connection with the registered goods/services
- Legal presumption of ownership
- Ability to use the registered trademark symbol (R in a circle)
- Right to file in federal court
- Basis for filing in foreign countries
- Listing in the USPTO database, deterring others from adopting similar marks

## Filing Bases

### Section 1(a): Use in Commerce

Use this if the mark is **already being used** in interstate or international commerce.

- Must provide a specimen showing the mark in actual use (e.g., screenshot of website, product
  packaging, app store listing)
- Must provide dates of first use

### Section 1(b): Intent to Use

Use this if the mark is **not yet in use** but you have a bona fide intent to use it.

- No specimen required at filing
- After approval, you must file a "Statement of Use" (with specimen) before registration is granted
- Additional fee of ~$150 per class for the Statement of Use

### Section 44(d): Foreign Priority

Use this if you filed the same mark in a foreign country within the last 6 months and want to claim
that priority date.

### Section 44(e): Foreign Registration

Use this if you already have a registered trademark in your home country.

## Nice Classification: Common Software Classes

Trademarks are filed by class. Software products typically use:

| Class        | Covers                                                   | Examples                                           |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| **Class 9**  | Downloadable software, apps, electronic publications     | Desktop apps, mobile apps, CLI tools, SDKs         |
| **Class 42** | Software as a service (SaaS), cloud computing, hosting   | Web apps, APIs, cloud platforms, development tools |
| **Class 35** | Online retail, advertising, business management software | E-commerce platforms, analytics dashboards         |
| **Class 38** | Streaming, telecommunications                            | Live streaming platforms, chat services            |

Most software products should file under **Class 9** (downloadable software) and **Class 42** (SaaS)
for comprehensive protection.

## Filing Options and Fees

| Filing Type       | Fee Per Class | Notes                                                                         |
| ----------------- | ------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **TEAS Plus**     | $250          | Must use pre-approved descriptions from the USPTO ID Manual. Cheapest option. |
| **TEAS Standard** | $350          | Allows custom goods/services descriptions. More flexible but more expensive.  |

Check current fees at: https://www.uspto.gov/trademark/fees-payment-information/fee-schedule

### Cost Examples

| Scenario                 | TEAS Plus | TEAS Standard |
| ------------------------ | --------- | ------------- |
| 1 class (Class 9 only)   | $250      | $350          |
| 2 classes (Class 9 + 42) | $500      | $700          |
| 3 classes                | $750      | $1,050        |

TEAS Plus is recommended when your goods/services fit the pre-approved descriptions in the USPTO ID
Manual. Most software products fit perfectly.

## Prerequisites

Before filing, the applicant needs:

1. **The mark** — the exact name, logo, or design to register
2. **Owner information** — legal name of the individual or business entity, address, country
3. **Goods/services descriptions** — what the mark is used for, by class
4. **Filing basis** — Use in Commerce (1(a)) or Intent to Use (1(b))
5. **Specimen(s)** (for 1(a) filings) — evidence showing the mark used in commerce (screenshots,
   packaging, app store listing)
6. **Dates of first use** (for 1(a) filings):
   - Date of first use anywhere
   - Date of first use in commerce (interstate or international)
7. **Payment method** — credit card, deposit account, or EFT

### What Counts as Interstate Commerce?

For US-based applicants: sales or services crossing state lines. For foreign applicants: **any** use
involving the United States constitutes interstate commerce. A single US-based user downloading
software, visiting a website, or using a service counts.

## Preparation Workflow

### Step 1: Search for Conflicts

Before filing, search the USPTO database to ensure no one has already registered or applied for a
similar mark:

1. Go to https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/
2. Search for your exact mark
3. Search for phonetic variations
4. Search for similar marks in relevant classes
5. If conflicts exist, consult an attorney before proceeding

### Step 2: Locate the Official USPTO Portal

1. Go to https://www.uspto.gov/
2. Click "My USPTO" (top right)
3. Verify the current portal path and account requirements on the official site
4. Save the official filing link for the human submitter

### Step 3: Identify the Correct Official Workflow

1. Identify the matching official application workflow in Trademark Center
2. Select **TEAS Plus** ($250/class) or **TEAS Standard** ($350/class)
3. TEAS Plus is recommended for standard software products

### Step 4: Enter Owner Information

- **Owner type**: Individual, Corporation, LLC, Partnership, etc.
- **Legal name**: The exact legal name of the owner
- **Country of citizenship/incorporation**
- **Street address, city, state/province, postal code, country**
- **Email address** — all USPTO correspondence goes here (critical)
- **Phone number**

### Step 5: Enter the Mark

- **Mark literal element**: The text of the trademark
- **Mark type**: Usually "Standard Character Mark" for word marks (provides broadest protection —
  covers the words in any font, style, or color)
- For logos or stylized marks, select "Design Mark" and upload the image

### Step 6: Select Classes and Describe Goods/Services

For each class:

1. Select the Nice Classification class number
2. For TEAS Plus: search the ID Manual for pre-approved descriptions
   - Click "ID Manual" in the form
   - Search for keywords related to your product
   - Select and combine pre-approved descriptions
   - Separate multiple descriptions with semicolons
3. For TEAS Standard: write a custom description

### Step 7: Select Filing Basis

**If already in use** (Section 1(a)):

- Select "Use in Commerce"
- Enter date of first use anywhere
- Enter date of first use in commerce

**If not yet in use** (Section 1(b)):

- Select "Intent to Use"
- No dates or specimens needed at this stage

### Step 8: Upload Specimens (Section 1(a) Only)

For each class, upload a specimen showing the mark in actual use:

- **Class 9 specimen**: Screenshot showing the mark on a software download page, app store listing,
  GitHub repository with download instructions, or product packaging
- **Class 42 specimen**: Screenshot showing the mark on a service login page, SaaS dashboard, API
  documentation, or cloud service interface

Add a brief description of each specimen (e.g., "Screenshot of product download page showing the
mark in use").

### Step 9: Review the Application

Verify:

- All owner information is correct
- Email address is correct (you will receive all USPTO communications here for 12-18 months)
- The mark text is exactly right
- All classes are selected
- Descriptions are accurate
- Specimens are uploaded and clear
- First use dates are accurate
- Fee total is correct

### Step 10: Final Review Before Human Submission

- Sign electronically: type your name between forward slashes (e.g., `/Your Name/`)
- Enter your title/position (e.g., "Founder" or "CEO")
- Record the filing fee shown in the official portal
- A human applicant or representative should complete submission in the official portal

**Immediately save**: the serial number and confirmation page.

## After Submission

### Timeline

| Stage                      | Timeframe       |
| -------------------------- | --------------- |
| Serial number assigned     | Same day        |
| Email confirmation         | Within 24 hours |
| Examining attorney review  | 3-6 months      |
| Publication for opposition | 9-12 months     |
| Registration granted       | 12-18 months    |

### Possible Outcomes at Examination

1. **Office Action**: The examining attorney has questions or issues. You have **6 months** to
   respond. Common issues:
   - Description of goods/services needs revision
   - Likelihood of confusion with another mark
   - Specimen is insufficient
   - Disclaimer required for a descriptive element
2. **Approved for Publication**: The application moves to the next stage without issues.

### Publication for Opposition

Once approved, the mark is published in the Official Gazette for a **30-day opposition period**. Any
party who believes they would be damaged by registration can file an opposition. Most applications
pass without opposition.

### Registration

After the opposition period, the mark is registered (for 1(a) filings) or a Notice of Allowance is
issued (for 1(b) filings, requiring a Statement of Use within 6 months).

## Maintenance Requirements

| Deadline               | Action                                        | Fee         |
| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ----------- |
| Between years 5 and 6  | File Declaration of Use (Section 8)           | ~$225/class |
| Between years 9 and 10 | File renewal (Section 9) + Declaration of Use | ~$525/class |
| Every 10 years after   | File renewal + Declaration of Use             | ~$525/class |

Missing maintenance deadlines causes the registration to be cancelled.

## Do You Need an Attorney?

### You can file yourself if:

- The application is straightforward (standard software, standard character mark)
- No conflicts found in the trademark search
- You are a US-based applicant

### You should hire an attorney if:

- You are a **foreign applicant** (as of August 2019, foreign applicants must be represented by a
  US-licensed attorney)
- You received an office action you don't understand
- Someone opposes your mark
- Your mark is similar to existing registrations

### Finding an Attorney

- **USPTO Attorney Directory**: https://oedci.uspto.gov/OEDCI/
- Search for trademark specialists; solo practitioners or small firms often offer flat-fee filings
- Typical cost for a straightforward filing: $800-$1,500 total (including USPTO fees)

## Common Mistakes to Avoid

- **Not searching first** — filing without checking for conflicts wastes time and money
- **Wrong email address** — you will miss critical office actions and deadlines
- **Wrong first use dates** — dates must be accurate and supportable with evidence
- **Poor specimens** — the specimen must clearly show the mark used in commerce, not a mockup or
  rendering
- **Too broad or too narrow descriptions** — descriptions should accurately reflect what the product
  does
- **Forgetting maintenance** — the registration is cancelled if you miss the year 5-6 Declaration of
  Use

## USPTO Trademark Support

- **Trademark Assistance Center**: 1-800-786-9199
- **Hours**: Monday-Friday, 8:30 AM - 8:00 PM EST
- **Email**: TrademarkAssistanceCenter@uspto.gov
- They can help with filing mechanics but cannot provide legal advice

## Tips

- File during business hours (Tuesday-Thursday, 10 AM - 3 PM EST) for faster system response and
  available support.
- Use "Standard Character Mark" for word marks — it provides the broadest protection regardless of
  font, style, or color.
- For TEAS Plus, spend time searching the ID Manual for the best pre-approved descriptions. You can
  combine multiple descriptions with semicolons.
- File for both Class 9 and Class 42 if your product has both downloadable and cloud/SaaS
  components.
- Keep all specimens, screenshots, and evidence dated and organized.
- Monitor your email for 12-18 months after filing — missing an office action deadline can abandon
  the application.