# AI Coding Agents > Comprehensive guide for using Codex CLI (OpenAI) and Claude Code CLI (Anthropic) - AI-powered coding agents. Use when orchestrating CLI commands, automating tasks, configuring agents, or troubleshooting issues. Use when this capability is needed. - Skill: `tomevault-io/ai-coding-agents` (Agent Skill, multi-file: 2 files) - Install (CLI): `npx skillmds@latest add tomevault-io/ai-coding-agents` - Raw SKILL.md: https://api.skillmd.com/api/skills/tomevault-io/ai-coding-agents/raw - Safety review: pending (external: skill-scanner PASS, skillspector FAIL) - Works with: Claude Code, Claude.ai, OpenAI Codex - Category: Coding & Dev Tools - Author: tomevault-io (https://skillmd.com/u/tomevault-io) - Updated: 2026-09-17 - Page: https://skillmd.com/skills/tomevault-io/ai-coding-agents --- # AI Coding Agents Skill Expert knowledge for Codex CLI and Claude Code CLI — the two leading AI coding agents. **Note:** This skill documents both tools for reference. VMark development primarily uses **Claude Code CLI**. The Codex CLI sections are retained for completeness and cross-tool workflows. ## When to Use - Orchestrating complex coding tasks via CLI - Configuring MCP servers for either tool - Setting up automation pipelines (CI/CD) - Troubleshooting authentication or sandbox issues - Comparing capabilities between agents - Custom agent/subagent configuration ## Quick Reference ### Starting Sessions | Task | Codex CLI | Claude Code CLI | |------|-----------|-----------------| | Interactive session | `codex` | `claude` | | With prompt | `codex "fix the bug"` | `claude "fix the bug"` | | Non-interactive | `codex exec "task"` | `claude -p "task"` | | Resume last | `codex resume --last` | `claude -c` | | Resume by ID | `codex resume ` | `claude -r ` | ### Safety Modes | Mode | Codex CLI | Claude Code CLI | |------|-----------|-----------------| | Read-only | `-s read-only` | `--permission-mode plan` | | Workspace write | `-s workspace-write` | (default) | | Full access | `-s danger-full-access` | `--dangerously-skip-permissions` | | Auto mode | `--full-auto` | `--permission-mode default` | | YOLO mode | `--yolo` | `--dangerously-skip-permissions` | ### Model Selection | Task | Codex CLI | Claude Code CLI | |------|-----------|-----------------| | Select model | `-m gpt-5-codex` | `--model opus` | | Use local OSS | `--oss` | N/A | | Fallback model | N/A | `--fallback-model sonnet` | --- ## Codex CLI (OpenAI) ### Installation ```bash npm i -g @openai/codex # or brew install --cask codex ``` ### Authentication ```bash codex login # OAuth via ChatGPT codex login --with-api-key # Read API key from stdin codex login status # Check auth status codex logout # Remove credentials ``` ### Core Commands #### `codex` - Interactive Mode ```bash codex # Start TUI codex "fix all TypeScript errors" # With initial prompt codex -i screenshot.png "explain" # With image codex --full-auto "refactor" # Low-friction mode codex --search "find docs" # Enable web search ``` #### `codex exec` - Non-Interactive ```bash codex exec "write tests" # Run and exit codex e "task" # Short alias echo "task" | codex exec - # From stdin codex exec --json "task" # JSONL output codex exec -o result.txt "task" # Save to file codex exec --output-schema schema.json "task" # Validate output ``` #### `codex resume` - Continue Sessions ```bash codex resume # Interactive picker codex resume --last # Most recent codex resume --all # Show all (any directory) codex resume # Specific session codex resume "continue with this" # With prompt ``` #### `codex review` - Code Review ```bash codex review # Review current branch vs main codex review --uncommitted # Review uncommitted changes codex review --base develop # Against specific branch codex review --commit abc123 # Review specific commit codex review "focus on security" # Custom instructions ``` #### `codex apply` - Apply Cloud Task ```bash codex apply # Apply diff from cloud task ``` #### `codex cloud` - Cloud Tasks (Experimental) ```bash codex cloud # Browse cloud tasks codex cloud exec "task" --env # Submit task codex cloud status # Check status codex cloud diff # Show diff codex cloud apply # Apply changes ``` #### `codex mcp` - MCP Server Management ```bash codex mcp list # List servers codex mcp list --json # JSON output codex mcp get # Server details codex mcp add -- npx my-server # Add stdio server codex mcp add --url https://... # Add HTTP server codex mcp add --env API_KEY=xxx -- cmd # With env vars codex mcp remove # Remove server codex mcp login --scopes read,write # OAuth for HTTP codex mcp logout # Remove OAuth ``` #### `codex sandbox` - Run Sandboxed Commands ```bash # macOS codex sandbox macos -- npm test codex sandbox seatbelt --full-auto -- ./script.sh # Linux codex sandbox linux -- npm test codex sandbox landlock -- ./script.sh ``` #### `codex completion` - Shell Completions ```bash codex completion bash >> ~/.bashrc codex completion zsh >> ~/.zshrc codex completion fish > ~/.config/fish/completions/codex.fish ``` ### Slash Commands (Interactive) | Command | Purpose | |---------|---------| | `/model` | Switch model (gpt-5-codex, gpt-5, etc.) | | `/approvals` | Change approval policy | | `/compact` | Summarize conversation, free context | | `/diff` | Show git diff | | `/review` | Analyze working tree | | `/status` | Show config and token usage | | `/mcp` | List available MCP tools | | `/mention` | Attach files | | `/fork` | Branch conversation | | `/resume` | Reopen previous session | | `/new` | Fresh conversation | | `/init` | Create AGENTS.md scaffold | | `/feedback` | Submit logs/diagnostics | | `/quit`, `/exit` | Exit CLI | ### Configuration (`~/.codex/config.toml`) ```toml model = "gpt-5-codex" approval_policy = "on-request" [sandbox] mode = "workspace-write" [features] web_search = true [profiles.ci] model = "gpt-4.1" approval_policy = "never" ``` ### Global Flags ``` -m, --model Model selection -s, --sandbox read-only|workspace-write|danger-full-access -a, --ask-for-approval

untrusted|on-failure|on-request|never -c, --config Override config -C, --cd

Working directory -i, --image Attach image(s) -p, --profile Config profile --full-auto Low-friction mode --yolo Bypass all safety (DANGEROUS) --search Enable web search --add-dir Grant additional write access --enable Enable feature flag --disable Disable feature flag --oss Use local OSS model ``` --- ## Claude Code CLI (Anthropic) ### Installation ```bash npm install -g @anthropic-ai/claude-code ``` ### Authentication ```bash claude # First run prompts login claude setup-token # Set up long-lived token # Requires Claude Pro/Max subscription OR API key ``` ### Core Commands #### `claude` - Interactive Mode ```bash claude # Start REPL claude "explain this project" # With prompt claude -c # Continue last conversation claude -r "session-name" # Resume by name/ID claude --model opus # Select model claude --chrome # Enable Chrome integration claude --ide # Auto-connect to IDE ``` #### `claude -p` - Print Mode (Non-Interactive) ```bash claude -p "explain this function" # Query and exit cat file | claude -p "explain" # Process piped input claude -p --output-format json "q" # JSON output claude -p --output-format stream-json "q" # Streaming JSON claude -p --max-turns 3 "task" # Limit agent turns claude -p --max-budget-usd 5 "task" # Spending limit claude -p --json-schema '{...}' "q" # Validate output schema ``` #### `claude mcp` - MCP Server Management ```bash claude mcp list # List servers claude mcp get # Server details claude mcp add # Add stdio server claude mcp add -t http # Add HTTP server claude mcp add -e KEY=val -- cmd # With env vars claude mcp add -H "Auth: Bearer x" # With headers claude mcp add -s project # Project scope claude mcp remove # Remove server claude mcp serve # Run as MCP server claude mcp add-from-claude-desktop # Import from desktop app claude mcp reset-project-choices # Reset approvals ``` #### `claude plugin` - Plugin Management ```bash claude plugin list # List plugins claude plugin install # Install plugin claude plugin install @marketplace # From specific marketplace claude plugin uninstall # Remove plugin claude plugin enable # Enable disabled plugin claude plugin disable # Disable plugin claude plugin update # Update plugin claude plugin validate # Validate manifest claude plugin marketplace # Manage marketplaces ``` #### `claude update` - Self-Update ```bash claude update # Check and install updates ``` #### `claude doctor` - Diagnostics ```bash claude doctor # Check health/issues ``` #### `claude install` - Native Build ```bash claude install # Install native build claude install stable # Specific version claude install latest # Latest version ``` ### Slash Commands (Interactive) | Command | Purpose | |---------|---------| | `/init` | Generate CLAUDE.md | | `/clear` | Reset context | | `/compact` | Summarize conversation | | `/bug` | Report issues | | `/doctor` | Run diagnostics | | `/model` | Switch model | | `/config` | View/edit settings | | `/permissions` | Manage permissions | | `/memory` | View/edit memory | | `/project:` | Project-specific commands | | `/user:` | User-specific commands | ### Custom Commands Create `.claude/commands/fix-issue.md`: ```markdown Fix GitHub issue #$ARGUMENTS 1. Read the issue details 2. Identify the problem 3. Implement the fix 4. Write tests 5. Create a commit ``` Usage: `/project:fix-issue 1234` ### Configuration **User settings** (`~/.claude/settings.json`): ```json { "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929", "verbose": false, "theme": "dark" } ``` **Project settings** (`.claude/settings.json`): ```json { "allowedTools": ["Bash(git:*)", "Read", "Edit"], "disallowedTools": ["Bash(rm:*)"] } ``` ### CLI Flags #### Core ``` -p, --print Non-interactive mode -c, --continue Continue last conversation -r, --resume Resume specific session -v, --version Show version ``` #### Model & Config ``` --model sonnet|opus|haiku or full name --fallback-model Fallback when overloaded --settings Load settings JSON --setting-sources user,project,local --session-id Use specific session ID ``` #### System Prompt ``` --system-prompt Replace default prompt --append-system-prompt Append to default --system-prompt-file Replace with file (print only) --append-system-prompt-file Replace with file (print only) ``` #### Agent & Tools ``` --agent Specify agent --agents Define custom subagents --tools Restrict built-in tools --allowedTools Auto-approve tools --disallowedTools Remove tools from context ``` #### Permissions ``` --permission-mode acceptEdits|bypassPermissions|default|delegate|dontAsk|plan --dangerously-skip-permissions Skip all prompts (DANGEROUS) --allow-dangerously-skip-permissions Enable bypass option ``` #### Output ``` --output-format text|json|stream-json --input-format text|stream-json --include-partial-messages Include streaming chunks --verbose Verbose logging --debug [FILTER] Debug mode with filtering ``` #### Advanced ``` --max-turns Limit agent turns (print only) --max-budget-usd Spending limit (print only) --json-schema Validate JSON output --chrome / --no-chrome Chrome integration --ide IDE auto-connect --fork-session Create new session on resume --no-session-persistence Don't save session --add-dir Additional directories --plugin-dir Load plugins --disable-slash-commands Disable all skills --mcp-config MCP server configs --strict-mcp-config Only use specified MCP --betas Beta API headers ``` ### Custom Subagents ```bash claude --agents '{ "reviewer": { "description": "Code reviewer. Use after changes.", "prompt": "You are a senior code reviewer...", "tools": ["Read", "Grep", "Glob"], "model": "sonnet" } }' ``` --- ## Common Patterns & Edge Cases ### CI/CD Integration **Codex in GitHub Actions:** ```yaml - name: Run Codex run: | echo "${{ secrets.OPENAI_API_KEY }}" | codex login --with-api-key codex exec --json -o result.txt "fix linting errors" ``` **Claude in CI:** ```yaml - name: Run Claude env: ANTHROPIC_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY }} run: | claude -p --output-format json "review this PR" > review.json ``` ### Handling Rate Limits **Codex:** Automatic backoff built-in. **Claude:** Use `--fallback-model`: ```bash claude -p --fallback-model haiku "quick task" ``` ### Working with Large Codebases ```bash # Codex: Use /compact to free context # In session: /compact # Claude: Use /compact or start fresh claude --no-session-persistence -p "analyze src/" ``` ### Multi-Directory Access ```bash # Codex codex --add-dir ../shared-lib --add-dir ../config # Claude claude --add-dir ../shared-lib ../config ``` ### Structured Output **Codex:** ```bash codex exec --output-schema schema.json "generate API spec" ``` **Claude:** ```bash claude -p --json-schema '{"type":"object","properties":{"name":{"type":"string"}}}' "extract data" ``` ### Image Input **Codex:** ```bash codex -i screenshot.png "explain this UI" codex -i img1.png -i img2.png "compare these" ``` **Claude:** ```bash # Via file reference in prompt claude "analyze the image at ./screenshot.png" ``` ### Session Forking ```bash # Codex: /fork in session # Claude claude -r "session-id" --fork-session "try alternative approach" ``` ### MCP Server Debugging **Codex:** ```bash codex mcp list --json | jq . ``` **Claude:** ```bash claude --debug "mcp" --mcp-config ./mcp.json ``` --- ## Troubleshooting ### Authentication Issues | Problem | Codex | Claude | |---------|-------|--------| | Not logged in | `codex login status` | `claude doctor` | | Token expired | `codex logout && codex login` | `claude setup-token` | | API key issues | Check `OPENAI_API_KEY` | Check `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY` | ### Sandbox Issues | Problem | Solution | |---------|----------| | Permission denied | Use `--add-dir` for specific directories | | Can't run commands | Check sandbox mode, use `workspace-write` | | Network blocked | Sandbox may block network; use `danger-full-access` carefully | ### MCP Server Issues | Problem | Solution | |---------|----------| | Server not found | Check `mcp list`, verify installation | | Connection failed | Check server logs, verify URL/command | | Auth required | Use `mcp login` (Codex) or add headers (Claude) | ### Performance Issues | Problem | Solution | |---------|----------| | Slow responses | Use lighter model (gpt-4.1-mini / haiku) | | Context overflow | Use `/compact` to summarize | | High costs | Set `--max-budget-usd` (Claude) | --- ## Best Practices 1. **Start with read-only** for exploration, escalate as needed 2. **Use sessions** - resume work instead of starting fresh 3. **Create AGENTS.md/CLAUDE.md** for project-specific instructions 4. **Leverage MCP servers** for external integrations 5. **Use structured output** in CI/CD for parsing 6. **Set spending limits** with `--max-budget-usd` 7. **Review diffs** before applying (`/diff`, `codex cloud diff`) 8. **Commit checkpoints** before major changes --- > Converted and distributed by [TomeVault](https://tomevault.io/claim/xiaolai) — claim your Tome and manage your conversions.