# Plan > Creates implementation plans from specifications by breaking work into small tasks (2-5 min each) with exact file paths, tests, and dependency ordering. Use after a spec is approved and before implementation begins, or when the user says "create a plan", "break this down", "how should we build this", or "task breakdown". - Skill: `xoai/plan` (Agent Skill) - Install (CLI): `npx skillmds@latest add xoai/plan` - Raw SKILL.md: https://api.skillmd.com/api/skills/xoai/plan/raw - Safety review: pending - Works with: Claude Code, Claude.ai, OpenAI Codex - Category: Productivity - Author: xoai (https://skillmd.com/u/xoai) - Updated: 2026-09-17 - Page: https://skillmd.com/skills/xoai/plan --- # Plan Turn a specification into an actionable implementation plan. This is where technology decisions are made and work is broken into tasks small enough for a single focused implementation session. **Core Principle:** A plan should be clear enough for an enthusiastic junior engineer with no project context, poor taste, no judgment, and an aversion to testing to follow โ€” and still produce correct, well-tested code. If the plan is ambiguous, the implementation will be wrong. ## When to Use After a spec is approved, before implementation begins. ## Process ### Step 1: Constitution Compliance Check Before planning anything, verify the spec against the constitution: - Do any requirements conflict with project principles? - Are there constitution-mandated patterns (auth, logging, error handling) that apply to this feature? - Are there constitution-mandated constraints (approved databases, forbidden dependencies) that constrain technology choices? Document any constitution requirements that apply. These are non-negotiable constraints on the plan. ### Step 2: Technology Decisions (ARCHITECT mode only) For BUILD mode, the tech stack already exists โ€” use what's there. For ARCHITECT mode, make and document technology decisions: - What technologies fit the requirements AND the constitution constraints? - For each significant decision, create a decision record (Architectural Decision Record): - Context: Why this decision matters - Options considered (minimum 2) - Decision: Which option and WHY - Consequences: What this means for implementation ### Step 3: Task Decomposition Read the spec's **Deliverable** field to determine task style. #### PRD-Informed Planning If the spec was produced from a PRD (the spec will reference the PRD and include a component map and milestone structure): 1. **Read the milestone structure.** The spec maps PRD requirements marked "Delivers value independently: Yes" to milestone boundaries. Group tasks into these milestones: ```markdown ## Milestone 1: [What's demoable after this group] Delivers: R1, FR1, FR2 (foundational โ€” internal, verifiable) - [ ] **Task 1:** ... - [ ] **Task 2:** ... ๐Ÿ”’ CHECKPOINT: [What to verify. Can this be shipped independently?] ## Milestone 2: [What's demoable] Delivers: R3, R5 (first user-visible value) - [ ] **Task 3:** ... - [ ] **Task 4:** ... ๐Ÿ”’ CHECKPOINT: [What to verify. Ship decision point.] ``` 2. **Use the lean task template.** Each task carries three fields beyond the title โ€” enough context to execute independently without duplicating content from the spec: ```markdown - [ ] **Task N:** [Title] - **Read first:** [specific spec sections, PRD scenarios, pack files] - **Files:** [exact repo-relative paths/globs this task may touch] - **Done:** [1-2 line acceptance criteria โ€” what "finished" looks like] - **Depends on:** none | T[, Tโ€ฆ] ``` The head is EXACTLY `- [ ] **Task N:** title` and Files:/Depends are bullet-form โ€” this is machine-read grammar, not style: `scope derive` and `graph derive` parse these lines at plan approval (standard.plan-template.md carries the full grammar), and graph derivation is fail-closed. "Read first" is a pointer, not a copy. The agent loads the referenced files at execution time. "Done" is derived from the PRD's acceptance scenarios โ€” each scenario maps to at least one task's done criteria. "Scope" prevents the agent from expanding work beyond the task boundary. 3. **Enforce no forward dependencies.** Every task must be completable based only on previous tasks. A task must never require a future task to function. If task ordering creates a forward dependency, restructure. 4. **Size tasks for a single AI session.** Each task should be completable within one context window. If a task requires reading 15 files and modifying 8 components, it's too large โ€” split it. This is guidance, not a hard rule (some tasks are legitimately complex). 5. **Map PRD acceptance scenarios to tasks.** Each Given/When/Then scenario from the PRD should be covered by at least one task's "Done" criteria or by an explicit integration test task. The final task in the plan should verify all PRD scenarios pass as automated tests. If the spec was NOT produced from a PRD (standard elicitation path), use the existing task templates below. #### Standard Task Templates Break the work into tasks. Each task must be: - **Small:** 2-5 minutes of focused work. If a task description is longer than a short paragraph, it's too big โ€” split it. - **Complete:** Contains everything needed to execute: what to produce, where to put it, what the result should look like. - **Verifiable:** Includes how to verify the task is done correctly. - **Ordered:** Tasks are sequenced to respect dependencies. No forward dependencies โ€” each task depends only on previous tasks. #### For code deliverables (or code tasks in mixed): ``` - [ ] **Task N:** [descriptive name] - **Read first:** [pack pattern files relevant to this task โ€” check .sage/skills/] - **Files:** [exact file paths to create or modify โ€” backticks welcome] - **Action:** [what to do โ€” be specific enough that there's no ambiguity] - **Test:** [what test to write, what it should verify] - **Verify:** [command to run to confirm task is complete] - **Depends on:** none | T[, Tโ€ฆ] ``` The **Read first** field tells the agent which pack detail files to read before starting the task. This ensures framework-specific guidance is loaded fresh at the moment of decision โ€” not stale from earlier in the conversation. If the project uses inline mode (all pack content in CLAUDE.md), this field can say "(pack content already loaded)" instead of listing files. #### For document deliverables (or document tasks in mixed): ``` - [ ] **Task N:** [descriptive name] [DOC] - **Read first:** [playbook reference files relevant to this section] - **Output:** [file path for the document, e.g. .sage/work/NNN/competitive-analysis.md] - **Action:** [what to write โ€” be specific about scope, structure, expected sections] - **Criteria:** [checklist of what "done" looks like for this section] - **Depends on:** none | T[, Tโ€ฆ] ``` Document tasks use **[DOC]** marker. They have **Criteria** instead of **Test** (a checklist reviewed against the spec's acceptance criteria, not a test command). They have **Output** instead of **Files** (a single document path, not source code files). Gates 04-06 (hallucination, verification, visual) skip for [DOC] tasks. Gates 01-02 (spec compliance, constitution) always run. #### For mixed deliverables: The plan contains both code and document tasks. Each task is marked with its type. Code tasks use the code template. Document tasks use the document template with [DOC] marker. Gates apply per-task based on the marker. ### Step 4: Identify Parallelism Mark tasks that can run simultaneously (no dependency between them) with `[P]`. This enables parallel subagent execution on Tier 1 platforms. ``` - [ ] **Task 3:** Create user model [P] - **Depends on:** T1 - [ ] **Task 4:** Create auth middleware [P] - **Depends on:** T1 - [ ] **Task 5:** Integrate auth with user - **Depends on:** T3, T4 ``` `[P]` goes AFTER the title, never inside the head โ€” `**Task 3 [P]:**` is an unparseable head and refuses the whole derivation (fail-closed). ### Step 4.5: Plan self-check (fresh eyes) After the task list is complete and before presenting it, re-read the plan against the spec as if seeing it for the first time. Run these three checks and fix anything inline โ€” no re-review, just fix and move on. This is a **self-run** check, not a sub-agent dispatch: independent review is auto-review's job at the `[A]` checkpoint, and the two are complementary โ€” this pass catches mechanical defects, auto-review catches judgment defects. 1. **Spec coverage.** Walk each spec requirement (R1โ€ฆRn / FR1โ€ฆFRn). Can you point to a task that implements it? List any requirement with no task and add the missing task. A requirement with no task is the most expensive plan defect โ€” it ships as a silent gap. 2. **Placeholder scan.** Search the task bodies for red flags: `TODO`, `TBD`, `...`, `[fill in]`, "implement X here", or a Done-criterion that restates the task name instead of a verifiable condition. Replace each with a concrete file path, criterion, or code reference. 3. **Type / name consistency.** Identifiers, function signatures, file paths, and config keys referenced across tasks must match exactly. A function called `clearLayers()` in one task and `clearFullLayers()` in another is a latent bug. A file written as `config.yaml` in Task 2 and `config.yml` in Task 5 is the same file โ€” reconcile to one spelling. Record one line at the end of the plan: `Self-check: spec-coverage โœ“ ยท placeholders โœ“ ยท consistency โœ“ (N fixes)`. If a check could not be completed (e.g. the spec does not enumerate requirements), say so explicitly rather than claiming โœ“. ### Step 5: Output Plan Save to `.sage/work/-/plan.md` using the plan template. The plan uses **checkbox format** for built-in progress tracking: ```markdown # Implementation Plan: [feature name] **Spec:** .sage/work/YYYYMMDD-slug/spec.md **PRD:** .sage/work/YYYYMMDD-slug/brief.md (if applicable) **Mode:** build **Status:** not-started **Started:** **Last updated:** ## Constitution Constraints [principles that apply, mandated patterns] ## Technology Decisions [decision records for ARCHITECT mode, or "Using existing stack" for BUILD mode] ## Milestone 1: [What's demoable โ€” e.g., "Baseline computation (internal)"] Delivers: [which PRD requirements, e.g., R1, FR1, FR2] - [ ] **Task 1:** [name] - **Read first:** [spec sections, PRD scenarios, pack files] - **Files:** [repo-relative paths/globs] - **Done:** [1-2 line criteria] - **Depends on:** none - [ ] **Task 2:** [name] - **Read first:** [files to load] - **Files:** [paths] - **Done:** [criteria] - **Depends on:** T1 ๐Ÿ”’ CHECKPOINT: [What to verify. Ship decision if applicable.] ## Milestone 2: [What's demoable โ€” e.g., "Baseline in QLCT view (user value)"] Delivers: [PRD requirements] - [ ] **Task 3:** [name] - **Read first:** [files] - **Files:** [paths] - **Done:** [criteria] - **Depends on:** none ๐Ÿ”’ CHECKPOINT: [What to verify. Ship/demo decision.] ## Final: Integration verification - [ ] **Task N:** End-to-end integration test - **Read first:** brief.md all acceptance scenarios - **Done:** All [count] PRD acceptance scenarios pass as automated tests - **Scope:** Tests only. No new code. ## Gate Log | Task | Gate 1 | Gate 2 | Gate 3 | Gate 4 | Gate 5 | |------|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | Task 1 | | | | | | | Task 2 | | | | | | Self-check: spec-coverage โœ“ ยท placeholders โœ“ ยท consistency โœ“ (N fixes) ``` For plans without a PRD source (standard elicitation), milestones are optional โ€” use a flat task list if the feature is small enough. **The checkboxes ARE the progress tracker.** When `implement` completes a task, it checks the box (`- [x]`) and adds the commit hash. If the session dies, the plan file shows exactly which tasks are done. No separate save action needed. Artifact frontmatter tracks the plan location. No separate pointer needed. ```markdown # Progress Mode: [build/architect] Feature: [YYYYMMDD-slug] Plan: .sage/work/YYYYMMDD-slug/plan.md Phase: planning Next: Human approval of plan, then implementation Updated: [timestamp] ``` Show the plan to the human. Wait for approval before implementation begins. ## Rules **MUST (violation = broken plan or wasted work):** - MUST NOT make tasks larger than 5 minutes of work. If in doubt, split. - MUST NOT create forward dependencies โ€” every task depends only on previous tasks. If task 5 requires task 7, restructure the plan. - MUST NOT leave file paths vague. "Update the auth code" is bad. "Modify `src/middleware/auth.ts`, add `validateExpiry()` function" is good. - MUST NOT skip the verification step in tasks. Every task must be verifiable. - MUST order tests before implementation (TDD compliance). - MUST check the constitution before making technology decisions. - MUST get human approval on the plan before starting implementation. - MUST map every PRD acceptance scenario to at least one task's done criteria (when a PRD exists). If a scenario isn't covered, the plan is incomplete. - MUST run the Step 4.5 self-check (fresh eyes) on every Standard+ plan and include its one-line `Self-check:` result in the output plan. This self-check catches mechanical defects (a requirement with no task, a leftover placeholder, an identifier that drifts between tasks); it is distinct from and complementary to the independent auto-review that fires at the `[A]` checkpoint, which catches judgment defects. The two are not redundant โ€” neither replaces the other. **SHOULD (violation = suboptimal but workable):** - SHOULD keep BUILD mode plans to 3-10 tasks. If you have 30 tasks, you're either in the wrong mode or the feature needs to be split. - SHOULD group tasks into milestones when a PRD with "Shippable Alone?" flags exists. Milestones end at requirements that deliver user value independently. - SHOULD size tasks for what an AI agent can accomplish in a single session. If a task requires loading more context than fits in one context window, split it. - SHOULD mark parallelizable tasks with `[P]` for potential concurrent execution. - SHOULD include estimated time per task so the human can gauge total effort. **MAY (context-dependent):** - MAY skip technology decisions in BUILD mode (use existing stack). - MAY combine very small related tasks if splitting would add overhead. - MAY use a flat task list (no milestones) for small features with 3-5 tasks. ## Failure Modes - **Too many tasks:** Feature is too large for BUILD mode. Suggest splitting into multiple features, or switching to ARCHITECT mode. - **Circular dependencies:** Redesign the task order. Extract shared infrastructure as an earlier task. - **Forward dependency detected:** Task N requires task N+M to function. This means the task ordering is wrong. Move the depended-upon work earlier, or restructure to eliminate the dependency. - **Can't determine task order:** The requirements are underspecified. Go back to the spec and clarify. - **Tech stack conflict with constitution:** Flag it. The human decides whether to request a waiver or change the approach. - **PRD scenarios not fully covered:** If any PRD acceptance scenario doesn't map to at least one task's done criteria, the plan has gaps. Add tasks or expand existing task criteria to cover the missing scenario. - **Task too large for one AI session:** The task requires reading too many files or modifying too many components. Split into smaller tasks that each fit within a single context window.