# Multi Agent Debate

> For a contested or high-stakes answer, have several agents propose answers then critique each other across a couple of rounds until they converge, instead of trusting one model or a blind vote. Use on hard design calls, ambiguous root-cause debates, or claims where reasoning quality matters. Trigger with /multi-agent-debate or "debate this", "have agents argue it out", "stress-test this answer".

- Skill: `zavelinski/multi-agent-debate` (Agent Skill)
- Install (CLI): `npx skillmds@latest add zavelinski/multi-agent-debate`
- Raw SKILL.md: https://api.skillmd.com/api/skills/zavelinski/multi-agent-debate/raw
- Safety review: pending
- Works with: Claude Code, Claude.ai, OpenAI Codex
- Category: AI & ML
- Author: zavelinski (https://skillmd.com/u/zavelinski)
- Updated: 2026-09-17
- Page: https://skillmd.com/skills/zavelinski/multi-agent-debate

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# multi-agent-debate

Several agents answer independently, then read each other's answers and critique/revise across a round or two, converging on a better-reasoned result. Debate surfaces flaws a single pass (or a blind majority vote) misses.

## Why this exists (evidence)

- Multiagent debate (Du et al., arXiv:2305.14325): multiple LLM instances proposing and debating over rounds improves factuality and reasoning vs single-agent and vs self-consistency on several benchmarks; the critique step catches errors that independent sampling alone leaves in.
- It differs from self-consistency: there, samples never interact and you majority-vote; here, agents SEE and challenge each other, so a well-argued correction can flip the group.

## When to use

- High-stakes design/architecture decisions with multiple defensible options.
- Disputed root-cause analysis (two plausible diagnoses).
- Claims where the QUALITY of the argument matters, not just the modal answer.
- NOT for cheap/clear tasks: debate is the most expensive technique here (N agents x R rounds).

## The method

1. **Propose:** N agents (2-4) independently answer the question with reasoning.
2. **Debate round:** each agent reads the others' answers and either defends, concedes, or revises, citing specific flaws. 1-2 rounds is usually enough.
3. **Converge:** stop when they agree or positions stabilize. Synthesize the converged answer + note any unresolved dissent.
4. **Verify the winner:** debate improves reasoning, not ground truth, confirm critical facts/behavior (compose with cite-guard / adversarial-verify).

## How to run it

- Workflow: a propose stage (parallel N agents, structured answers), then a debate stage where each agent gets the others' outputs and revises, then a synthesis stage. Optionally give agents distinct lenses (correctness / security / simplicity) so the debate is diverse, not echo.
- Route proposers to a cheaper model; keep the synthesis/judge sharp (model-router).

## Composes with

- `self-consistency`: cheaper first pass; escalate to debate only when the vote is split or the call is high-stakes.
- `run-cost`: N x R is the priciest pattern here; budget before launching.
- `orchestrate`: debate the design at the GATE before building.

## Honest limits

- Most expensive technique in this collection (multiplies cost by agents x rounds). Reserve for decisions worth it.
- Agents can converge on a confident shared error (groupthink); diverse lenses + a verification step mitigate, not eliminate.
- Gains are benchmark-specific; measure your own.