# Transcription Skill > Transcribe a YouTube video or a local video/audio file to text. Use this skill whenever asked to transcribe a YouTube URL, get a transcript of a video or audio file, or turn spoken audio into text. Also use it to transcribe only part of a video or audio file, such as a clip, an excerpt, or a time range like "from 15:08 to 16:22", in which case only that range is downloaded. Downloads YouTube videos with yt-dlp, extracts and trims audio with ffmpeg, and transcribes with Google's gemini-3.5-flash on Replicate. - Skill: `zeke/transcription-skill` (Agent Skill, multi-file: 2 files) - Install (CLI): `npx skillmds@latest add zeke/transcription-skill` - Raw SKILL.md: https://api.skillmd.com/api/skills/zeke/transcription-skill/raw - Safety review: pending - Works with: Claude Code, Claude.ai, OpenAI Codex - Category: Coding & Dev Tools - Author: zeke (https://skillmd.com/u/zeke) - Updated: 2026-09-17 - Page: https://skillmd.com/skills/zeke/transcription-skill --- # Transcription skill Transcribe a YouTube URL, a local video file, or a local audio file to plain text using Google's `gemini-3.5-flash` on Replicate. ```sh export REPLICATE_API_TOKEN=... python3 /scripts/transcribe.py [output-file] [--from TIME] [--to TIME] ``` Replace `` with the directory containing this `SKILL.md`. If the script exits saying `yt-dlp` or `ffmpeg` is missing, offer to install it for the user (e.g. `brew install yt-dlp` or `brew install ffmpeg` on macOS) before retrying, rather than just reporting the error. ## Transcribing part of a video When the user names a time range, pass it through with `--from` and `--to` rather than transcribing the whole thing. Times can be `SS`, `MM:SS`, or `HH:MM:SS`, and either flag can be used alone. ```sh python3 /scripts/transcribe.py "https://youtu.be/abc123" --from 15:08 --to 16:22 ``` For a YouTube URL this passes `--download-sections` to `yt-dlp`, so only the requested range crosses the network. On a 108-minute podcast, pulling a 74-second clip moves about 23 MB instead of the full download, and the prediction sees 74 seconds of audio instead of an hour and a half. Clipped files carry the range in their names (e.g. `-15m08s-16m22s.m4a`), so clips never overwrite a full-length transcript of the same video. Trimming a local file needs `ffmpeg` even when the input is already audio. A range that starts past the end of the media is rejected before anything is downloaded or cut. A range that merely ends past it warns and transcribes up to the end. ## What it does, in order 1. If the input is a YouTube URL, downloads it with `yt-dlp` into the current directory under a slugified filename (lowercased title + video id, e.g. `my-video-title-abc123.mp4`), fetching only the `--from`/`--to` range if one was given. 2. If the input is a video file (or was just downloaded), extracts its audio with `ffmpeg` via stream copy (no re-encoding) and saves it alongside the video as `.m4a`. A local audio input with a time range is trimmed the same way. 3. Base64-encodes the audio and sends it to `google/gemini-3.5-flash` on Replicate with a verbatim-transcription prompt. 4. Polls until the prediction completes and writes the transcript to `.txt` (or the given output path). An audio file input skips straight to step 3. `google/gemini-3.5-flash` is hardcoded as the transcription model; see the root `README.md` for how that choice was benchmarked against other models. ## Known gotchas - **ffmpeg seeking past the end of a file doesn't fail.** With `-ss` beyond the media's duration and `-acodec copy`, ffmpeg exits 0 and writes the tail of the stream with negative timestamps (`time=-02:59:00.00`) instead of an empty file. Gemini then hallucinates a plausible sentence over that garbage. This is why the requested range is checked against the source duration up front rather than by inspecting the resulting clip. - **YouTube 403s.** `yt-dlp`'s extractor breaks against YouTube frequently. If downloads fail with `HTTP Error 403: Forbidden`, run `brew upgrade yt-dlp` (or update however it was installed) and retry. - **Gemini can't fetch Replicate's own file URLs.** Uploading audio to Replicate's `/v1/files` and passing that URL as the `audio` input fails because Gemini's backend can't authenticate the fetch, and gets back a 401 JSON response it reports as "could not determine mimetype". Send the audio as a base64 `data:` URI directly in the prediction input instead. - **`.m4a` mimetype sniffing.** Python's `mimetypes.guess_type` reports `.m4a` as `audio/mp4a-latm`, which Gemini rejects. Use `audio/mp4`. - **`api.replicate.com` blocks requests with no `User-Agent` header** (Cloudflare error 1010). Always set one. - **Pin to the model's current `latest_version`.** Don't hardcode a version id — Google ships new Gemini versions on Replicate often enough that hardcoded ids go stale.