Coding & Dev Tools

Determines whether to add a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (e.g., spironolactone or eplerenone) to glucocorticoid therapy in glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism when blood pressure fails to normalize with glucocorticoid alone. Triggered by persistent hypertension or inadequate BP control despite optimized glucocorticoid dosing in GRA patients.

This skill guides perioperative levothyroxine management for adults with preoperative central hypothyroidism undergoing non-emergency surgery. Trigger phrases include "preoperative central hypothyroidism patient requiring non-emergency surgery" and "use when managing preoperative CH patient".

Uses BMI-specific cutoffs to interpret peak GH values during stimulation testing. Use when interpreting GH stimulation test results; triggers include GH stimulation test requiring BMI-adjusted interpretation.

Clinicians educate adrenal insufficiency patients taking nondexamethasone glucocorticoids who initiate enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs about early signs of adrenal insufficiency. Trigger when an AI patient on nondexamethasone GC starts an enzyme-inducing AED such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, or oxcarbazepine.

Determines unilateral vs bilateral aldosterone excess based on cortisol-corrected aldosterone ratios from adrenal venous sampling, with ratio >4:1 indicating unilateral excess, ratio 3:1 suggestive of bilateral hypersecretion, and interpretation dependent on cosyntropin stimulation protocol used during sampling. Use when analyzing AVS results to guide surgical vs medical treatment decisions; triggers include 'AVS lateralization ratio', 'cosyntropin-stimulated AVS', 'aldosterone-to-cortisol ratio >4:1', and 'ratio 3:1 suggestive of bilateral disease'.

Evaluates likelihood of primary aldosteronism by measuring plasma aldosterone suppression after oral captopril; normal suppression ≥30% makes PA unlikely, while lack of suppression with persistently suppressed plasma renin activity suggests PA. Use when assessing captopril challenge test (CCT) results for PA diagnosis in patients with positive aldosterone-to-renin ratio.

Guides choice among spironolactone, eplerenone, and esaxerenone for primary aldosteronism based on comparative efficacy, safety, and patient-specific factors. Triggers include when initiating MRA therapy and asking 'Which MRA should I prescribe?' or considering switching agents due to adverse effects, cost, or need for potassium supplementation.

Recommends ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or calcium channel blockers as first-line hypertension therapy rather than β‑adrenergic blockers in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Triggers include when a clinician asks, 'What antihypertensive should I start for this obese patient with T2DM to avoid weight gain?' or 'Should I avoid β‑blockers in this patient with diabetes and hypertension?'

Guides dose escalation for obesity pharmacotherapy based on efficacy and tolerability while staying within approved upper dose limits. Triggers include clinician questions like "How should I titrate naltrexone/bupropion if the starting dose is tolerated?" or "What is the maximum liraglutide dose I can use?"

Recommends using mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists rather than epithelial sodium-channel inhibitors for medical treatment of primary aldosteronism. Use when a clinician asks whether to use an MRA or ENaC inhibitor for medical treatment of PA.

Determines whether to perform adrenal venous sampling (AVS) to lateralize aldosterone excess in patients with confirmed primary aldosteronism (PA) who are being evaluated for surgical treatment. Indicated when surgery is feasible and desired by the patient, or when subtype workup is planned for a surgical candidate, especially in those younger than 35 years with spontaneous hypokalemia, marked aldosterone excess, and unilateral adrenal lesions on CT.

Determines when adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is indicated for functional subtyping of primary aldosteronism (PA) when surgical treatment is feasible and desired by the patient. Triggered when a clinician confirms PA diagnosis and asks 'Do I need AVS for subtyping?' or evaluates surgical candidacy.

Recommends that all diabetes insipidus patients wear an emergency bracelet or necklace to alert clinicians to their condition if incapacitated. Use when establishing care for a diabetes insipidus patient; triggers include diabetes insipidus diagnosis.

Monitor free T4 and adjust levothyroxine after starting antiepileptic drugs in central hypothyroidism

Differentiates aldosterone-producing adenoma from idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia based on 18-hydroxycorticosterone levels, with APA patients generally having levels >100 ng/dL at 8:00 a.m. and IAH patients usually having levels <100 ng/dL. Use when reviewing 18-OHB test results to help subtype PA; triggers include 18-OHB >100 ng/dL (suggesting APA) or <100 ng/dL (suggesting IAH).

Advises against testosterone therapy in men with biochemical recurrence after prostate cancer treatment due to very limited data and potential risk of progression. Consider when a patient has a rising PSA after definitive therapy and the clinician evaluates testosterone for hypogonadism, questioning whether TTh is safe in BCR.

Recommends using weight‑neutral antipsychotic alternatives when possible and employing shared decision‑making that provides quantitative estimates of expected weight effect to guide drug choice. Triggered when a clinician asks, “How do I involve this patient in choosing an antipsychotic with minimal weight gain?” or “What resources show weight‑change projections for risperidone vs aripiprazole?”.

Calculates the lowest effective glucocorticoid dose (dexamethasone or prednisone) to normalize blood pressure and serum potassium in glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA/FH-I) by titrating to biochemical and clinical targets. Indicated when initiating medical treatment for confirmed GRA, triggered by findings such as early-onset hypertension, family history of stroke before age 40, spontaneous hypokalemia, or suppressed plasma renin activity with elevated aldosterone.

Recommends mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for all primary aldosteronism patients to prevent target organ damage, irrespective of blood pressure control or serum potassium levels. Triggered when a clinician encounters a PA patient with well‑controlled BP and normal K and wonders, 'Do I still need to treat with MRA?' or considers stopping therapy.

Perform digital rectal examination (DRE) in all men before initiating testosterone therapy to exclude prostate abnormalities or support suspicion of hypogonadism when prostate volume is reduced. Triggered when a clinician considers starting testosterone and questions whether a prostate exam is needed first or whether to check the prostate before prescribing TTh.

Recommends weight‑losing and weight‑neutral medications as first‑ and second‑line agents for managing overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Triggers include when a clinician asks, 'Which diabetes medications will not worsen weight in this obese patient?' or 'Should I avoid sulfonylureas in this patient with T2DM and obesity due to weight gain risk?'

Recommends treating central hypothyroidism before performing GH stimulation testing because CH may impair accurate diagnosis of GHD. Use when preparing for GH stimulation testing; triggers include patient requiring GH stimulation test with possible CH.

This skill recommends performing an imaging study to assess tumor size, appearance, and parasellar extent once biochemical diagnosis of acromegaly is confirmed. Trigger when IGF-1 is elevated and GH fails to suppress to <0.4 µg/L during an oral glucose tolerance test.

Bedside prescribing reference for Bemdec (bempedoic acid / NEXLETOL) — indication check, dose, statin co-prescribing safety caps, monitoring plan, warnings for hyperuricemia and tendon rupture, and special population guidance. Use when a clinician asks "can I start bempedoic acid", "Bemdec indication", "is bempedoic acid safe with my statin", "patient on Nexletol has joint pain or high uric acid", "bempedoic acid in CKD or liver disease or pregnancy", or any prescribing or monitoring question about bempedoic acid.

Determines when adrenal venous sampling may be skipped in primary aldosteronism. Applies to patients <35 years with spontaneous hypokalemia, marked aldosterone excess, and unilateral adrenal lesions suggestive of cortical adenoma on CT.

Interprets the aldosterone-to-renin ratio using active renin concentration (ARC) to screen for primary aldosteronism. Triggered when a clinician has PAC and ARC results and asks 'How do I interpret this ARR using active renin concentration?'

Recommends that diet, exercise, and behavioral modification be included in all obesity management approaches for patients with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or higher. Triggered when clinicians ask, 'What foundational non-pharmacologic therapy should I start for this overweight patient?' or 'Should I initiate lifestyle changes for a patient with BMI 26?'.

Manages suspected mild central hypothyroidism in patients with pituitary disease and low-normal free thyroxine (fT4). Initiates levothyroxine (L-T4) when suggestive symptoms are present or when serial fT4 shows a decrease of 20% or more.

Decide when and how to assess minimal residual disease (MRD) in multiple myeloma — bone marrow MRD by next-generation flow (NGF) or sequencing (NGS), plus imaging MRD by PET-CT — and how to act on the result. Trigger when a clinician asks "how to assess MRD in myeloma", "MRD-negative complete response", "PET-CT for MRD", "is bone marrow MRD enough", "when to test for MRD", "next-generation flow for myeloma", or "myeloma sustained MRD negativity". Based on EHA-ESMO 2021.

Classifies a patient's dizziness into one of four categories — vestibular/vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium, or nonspecific — using history, timing, triggers, and associated symptoms. Use when a patient presents with dizziness, giddiness, lightheadedness, feeling off-balance, spinning, or nearly blacking out and you need to determine the type before further workup.

Diagnose monogenic and syndromic obesity in children and adolescents using a structured step-by-step algorithm. Use this skill whenever a clinician suspects a genetic cause of obesity, asks about leptin deficiency, MC4R mutation, POMC deficiency, PCSK1 deficiency, leptin receptor deficiency, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Alström syndrome, or any case of early-onset severe obesity with hyperphagia. Also trigger for questions about targeted pharmacotherapy including setmelanotide or metreleptin, or when to order a genomic obesity panel. Cross-references the NHS Genomic Test Finder skill to surface the relevant R-code once a diagnosis is reached.

Administer Hydrocortisone Stress Dosing During Active Phase of Labor

In patients with primary aldosteronism receiving mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy, the guideline recommends titrating the MRA dose upward to raise renin when blood pressure remains uncontrolled and renin is suppressed. Consider this step when hypertension is not at goal despite MRA therapy and plasma renin activity (or direct renin concentration) is low.

Assess pharmacotherapy eligibility based on BMI/comorbidity

Evaluates central hypothyroidism (CH) patients for adrenal insufficiency (AI) prior to initiating levothyroxine (L‑T4) replacement. Triggers include consideration of L‑T4 start in central hypothyroidism needing thyroid replacement.

Manage diabetes insipidus with desmopressin