1837620622 移动优先响应式设计
构建跨所有设备的响应式 Web 应用。
移动端优先断点
/* 移动端优先 - 移动端基础样式无需媒体查询 */
.container {
padding: 1rem;
}
/* 平板 */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.container {
padding: 2rem;
}
}
/* 桌面端 */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
.container {
padding: 3rem;
max-width: 1200px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
}
/* 大屏桌面 */
@media (min-width: 1280px) {
.container {
max-width: 1400px;
}
}
Tailwind 断点
<div className="
p-4 /* Mobile: padding 1rem */
md:p-8 /* Tablet 768px+: padding 2rem */
lg:p-12 /* Desktop 1024px+: padding 3rem */
xl:max-w-6xl /* Large 1280px+: max-width */
">
<h1 className="
text-2xl /* Mobile */
md:text-3xl /* Tablet */
lg:text-4xl /* Desktop */
">
Responsive Heading
</h1>
</div>
流体排版
:root {
/* 流体字体大小: 320px 视口时 16px，1200px 视口时 20px */
--font-size-base: clamp(1rem, 0.9rem + 0.5vw, 1.25rem);
/* 流体标题 */
--font-size-h1: clamp(2rem, 1.5rem + 2.5vw, 4rem);
}
body {
font-size: var(--font-size-base);
}
h1 {
font-size: var(--font-size-h1);
}
触摸交互
import { useState } from 'react';
function SwipeableCard({ onSwipeLeft, onSwipeRight, children }) {
const [touchStart, setTouchStart] = useState<number | null>(null);
const [touchEnd, setTouchEnd] = useState<number | null>(null);
const minSwipeDistance = 50;
const React.TouchEvent) => {
setTouchEnd(null);
setTouchStart(e.targetTouches[0].clientX);
};
const React.TouchEvent) => {
setTouchEnd(e.targetTouches[0].clientX);
};
const => {
if (!touchStart || !touchEnd) return;
const distance = touchStart - touchEnd;
const isLeftSwipe = distance > minSwipeDistance;
const isRightSwipe = distance < -minSwipeDistance;
if (isLeftSwipe) onSwipeLeft?.();
if (isRightSwipe) onSwipeRight?.();
};
return (
<div
>
{children}
</div>
);
}
移动端导航
import { useState } from 'react';
function MobileNav() {
const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState(false);
return (
<>
{/* 汉堡按钮 - 在移动端可见 */}
<button
className="md:hidden p-2"
=> setIsOpen(!isOpen)}
aria-expanded={isOpen}
aria-label="Toggle menu"
>
<span className={`hamburger ${isOpen ? 'open' : ''}`} />
</button>
{/* 移动端菜单 */}
<nav
className={`
fixed inset-0 bg-white z-50 transform transition-transform
${isOpen ? 'translate-x-0' : '-translate-x-full'}
md:static md:translate-x-0 md:bg-transparent
`}
>
<ul className="flex flex-col md:flex-row gap-4 p-4 md:p-0">
<li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
{/* 背景遮罩 */}
{isOpen && (
<div
className="fixed inset-0 bg-black/50 z-40 md:hidden"
=> setIsOpen(false)}
/>
)}
</>
);
}
安全区域（刘海/主页指示器）
/* 适配 iPhone 刘海和主页指示器 */
.container {
padding-left: env(safe-area-inset-left);
padding-right: env(safe-area-inset-right);
padding-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom);
}
/* 固定底部导航 */
.bottom-nav {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
padding-bottom: max(1rem, env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
}
视口 Meta 标签
<meta
name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover"
/>
useMediaQuery Hook
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
function useMediaQuery(query: string): boolean {
const [matches, setMatches] = useState(false);
useEffect(() => {
const media = window.matchMedia(query);
setMatches(media.matches);
const listener = (e: MediaQueryListEvent) => setMatches(e.matches);
media.addEventListener('change', listener);
return () => media.removeEventListener('change', listener);
}, [query]);
return matches;
}
// 使用示例
function Component() {
const isMobile = useMediaQuery('(max-width: 767px)');
const isTablet = useMediaQuery('(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)');
const isDesktop = useMediaQuery('(min-width: 1024px)');
return isMobile ? <MobileView /> : <DesktopView />;
}