Window Management

Window Management

Overview

Use this skill to tailor each SwiftUI window to its job. Start by identifying which scene owns the window (Window, WindowGroup, or a dedicated utility scene), then customize the toolbar/title area, background material, resize and restoration behavior, and initial or zoomed placement.

Prefer scene and window modifiers over ad hoc AppKit bridges when SwiftUI offers the behavior directly. Keep each window purpose-built: a main browser window, an About window, and a media player window usually want different chrome, resizability, restoration, and placement rules.

These APIs are macOS 15+ SwiftUI window/scene customizations. For older deployment targets, expect to use more AppKit bridging or availability guards.

Workflow

1. Inspect the relevant scene declaration and classify the window role: main app navigation, inspector/detail utility, About/support window, media playback window, welcome window, or a borderless custom surface.
2. Adjust toolbar and title presentation to match the content.
3. If the toolbar background or entire toolbar is hidden, make sure the window still has a usable drag region.
4. Refine window behavior for that role: minimize availability, restoration, resize expectations, and whether the window should appear at launch.
5. Set default placement for newly opened windows and ideal placement for zoom behavior when content and display size matter.
6. Build and launch the app with build-run-debug to verify the result in a real foreground .app bundle.
7. If SwiftUI scene/window modifiers are not enough, switch to appkit-interop for a narrow NSWindow bridge rather than spreading AppKit through the view tree.

Toolbar And Title

• Use .toolbar(removing: .title) when the window title should stay associated with the window for accessibility and menus, but not be visibly drawn in the title bar.
• Use .toolbarBackgroundVisibility(.hidden, for: .windowToolbar) when large media or hero content should visually extend to the top edge of the window.
• If the window still needs close/minimize/full-screen controls, remove only the title and toolbar background. If the toolbar should disappear entirely, use .toolbarVisibility(.hidden, for: .windowToolbar) instead.
• Remove custom toolbar backgrounds and manually painted titlebar fills before layering new SwiftUI toolbar APIs on top.
• Keep the window's logical title meaningful even if hidden; the system can still use it for accessibility and menu items. These are visual changes only.

Drag Regions

• If a toolbar background is hidden or the toolbar is removed entirely, use WindowDragGesture() to extend the draggable area into your content.
• Attach the gesture to a transparent overlay or non-interactive header region that does not steal gestures from real controls.
• For a media player with custom playback controls, insert the drag overlay between the video content and the controls so AVKit or transport controls keep receiving input.
• Pair the drag gesture with .allowsWindowActivationEvents(true) so clicking and immediately dragging a background window still activates and moves it.

Background And Materials

• Use .containerBackground(.thickMaterial, for: .window) when a utility window or About window should replace the default window background with a subtle frosted material.
• Prefer system materials for stylized windows instead of hardcoded translucent colors.
• Use this especially for fixed-content utility windows where a softer backdrop is part of the design.

Window Behavior

• Use .windowMinimizeBehavior(.disabled) for always-reachable utility windows such as a custom About window where minimizing adds little value.
• Disable the green zoom control through fixed sizing or window constraints when the window's content has one intended size.
• Use .restorationBehavior(.disabled) for windows that should not reopen on next launch, such as About panels, transient support/info windows, or first-run welcome surfaces.
• Keep state restoration enabled for primary document or navigation windows when reopening prior size and position is desirable.
• By default, SwiftUI respects the user's system-wide macOS state restoration setting. Use restorationBehavior(...) only when a specific window should intentionally opt into or out of that system behavior.
• Use .defaultLaunchBehavior(.presented) for windows that should appear first on launch, such as a welcome window, and choose that behavior intentionally rather than relying on side effects from scene creation order.

Window Placement

• Use .defaultWindowPlacement { content, context in ... } to control the initial size and optional position of newly opened windows.
• Inside the placement closure, call content.sizeThatFits(.unspecified) to get the content's ideal size.
• Read context.defaultDisplay.visibleRect to get the display's usable region after accounting for the menu bar and Dock.
• Return WindowPlacement(size: size) with a size clamped to the visible rect when media or document content may be larger than the display. If no position is provided, the window is centered by default.
• Use .windowIdealPlacement { content, context in ... } to control what happens when the user chooses Zoom from the Window menu or Option-clicks the green toolbar button. For media windows, preserve aspect ratio and grow to the largest size that fits the display.
• Treat default placement and ideal placement as separate policies:
  • default placement controls where a new window first appears,
  • ideal placement controls how large a zoomed window should become.
• Always consider external displays and rotated/narrow screens when sizing player windows or document windows from content dimensions.

Borderless And Specialized Windows

• Use .windowStyle(.plain) for borderless or highly custom chrome windows, but make sure the content still provides a clear drag/move affordance and visible context.
• For a borderless player, HUD, or welcome window, decide upfront whether losing standard titlebar affordances is worth the custom presentation.
• Keep one clear path back to regular window management if the plain style makes the window feel invisible or hard to move.

API Snippets

WindowGroup("Destination Video") {
  CatalogView()
    .toolbar(removing: .title)
    .toolbarBackgroundVisibility(.hidden, for: .windowToolbar)
}

Window("About", id: "about") {
  AboutView()
    .toolbar(removing: .title)
    .toolbarBackgroundVisibility(.hidden, for: .windowToolbar)
    .containerBackground(.thickMaterial, for: .window)
}
.windowMinimizeBehavior(.disabled)
.restorationBehavior(.disabled)

WindowGroup("Player", for: Video.self) { $video in
  PlayerView(video: video)
}
.defaultWindowPlacement { content, context in
  let idealSize = content.sizeThatFits(.unspecified)
  let displayBounds = context.defaultDisplay.visibleRect
  let fittedSize = clampToDisplay(idealSize, displayBounds: displayBounds)
  return WindowPlacement(size: fittedSize)
}
.windowIdealPlacement { content, context in
  let idealSize = content.sizeThatFits(.unspecified)
  let displayBounds = context.defaultDisplay.visibleRect
  let zoomedSize = zoomToFit(idealSize, displayBounds: displayBounds)
  let position = centeredPosition(for: zoomedSize, in: displayBounds)
  return WindowPlacement(position, size: zoomedSize)
}

PlayerView(video: video)
  .overlay(alignment: .top) {
    Color.clear
      .frame(height: 48)
      .contentShape(Rectangle())
      .gesture(WindowDragGesture())
      .allowsWindowActivationEvents(true)
  }

Window("Welcome", id: "welcome") {
  WelcomeView()
}
.windowStyle(.plain)
.defaultLaunchBehavior(.presented)

Review Checklist

• The scene type matches the window's role and lifecycle.
• Hidden titles still leave a meaningful logical title for accessibility and menus.
• Toolbar background removal is intentional and does not hurt titlebar legibility or window control placement.
• Windows with hidden or removed toolbars still have a reliable drag region and support click-then-drag activation from the background.
• Utility windows have restoration/minimize behavior that matches their purpose.
• Restoration overrides are used only when a scene should intentionally differ from the user's system-wide setting.
• Default and ideal placement use content.sizeThatFits(.unspecified) and context.defaultDisplay.visibleRect when content/display size matters.
• Media windows preserve aspect ratio and fit on small or rotated displays.
• Borderless windows still have a usable move/drag affordance.

Guardrails

• Do not use .toolbar(removing: .title) just to hide a title you forgot to set. Keep the underlying window title meaningful.
• Do not hide the toolbar background or the whole toolbar without replacing the lost drag affordance.
• Do not disable restoration on the main document/navigation window unless the user explicitly wants a fresh-start app every launch.
• Do not hardcode one monitor size or assume a single-display setup when sizing player windows.
• Do not reach for NSWindow mutation before checking whether .windowMinimizeBehavior, .restorationBehavior, .defaultWindowPlacement, .windowIdealPlacement, .windowStyle, or .defaultLaunchBehavior already solve the problem.
• Do not leave a plain borderless window without any obvious drag or close path.

When To Use Other Skills

• Use swiftui-patterns for broader scene, commands, settings, sidebar, and inspector architecture.
• Use liquid-glass when the main question is modern macOS visual treatment, Liquid Glass, or system material adoption.
• Use appkit-interop if a custom window behavior truly requires NSWindow, NSPanel, or responder-chain control.
• Use build-run-debug to launch and verify the resulting windows.