Claude Code

Claude Code — Hermes Orchestration Guide

Delegate coding tasks to Claude Code (Anthropic's autonomous coding agent CLI) via the Hermes terminal. Claude Code v2.x can read files, write code, run shell commands, spawn subagents, and manage git workflows autonomously.

Prerequisites

• Install: npm install -g @anthropic-ai/claude-code
• Auth: run claude once to log in (browser OAuth for Pro/Max, or set ANTHROPIC_API_KEY)
• Console auth: claude auth login --console for API key billing
• SSO auth: claude auth login --sso for Enterprise
• Check status: claude auth status (JSON) or claude auth status --text (human-readable)
• Health check: claude doctor — checks auto-updater and installation health
• Version check: claude --version (requires v2.x+)
• Update: claude update or claude upgrade

Two Orchestration Modes

Hermes interacts with Claude Code in two fundamentally different ways. Choose based on the task.

Mode 1: Print Mode (-p) — Non-Interactive (PREFERRED for most tasks)

Print mode runs a one-shot task, returns the result, and exits. No PTY needed. No interactive prompts. This is the cleanest integration path.

terminal(command="claude -p 'Add error handling to all API calls in src/' --allowedTools 'Read,Edit' --max-turns 10", workdir="/path/to/project", timeout=120)

When to use print mode:

• One-shot coding tasks (fix a bug, add a feature, refactor)
• CI/CD automation and scripting
• Structured data extraction with --json-schema
• Piped input processing (cat file | claude -p "analyze this")
• Any task where you don't need multi-turn conversation

Print mode skips ALL interactive dialogs — no workspace trust prompt, no permission confirmations. This makes it ideal for automation.

Mode 2: Interactive PTY via tmux — Multi-Turn Sessions

Interactive mode gives you a full conversational REPL where you can send follow-up prompts, use slash commands, and watch Claude work in real time. Requires tmux orchestration.

# Start a tmux session
terminal(command="tmux new-session -d -s claude-work -x 140 -y 40")

# Launch Claude Code inside it
terminal(command="tmux send-keys -t claude-work 'cd /path/to/project && claude' Enter")

# Wait for startup, then send your task
# (after ~3-5 seconds for the welcome screen)
terminal(command="sleep 5 && tmux send-keys -t claude-work 'Refactor the auth module to use JWT tokens' Enter")

# Monitor progress by capturing the pane
terminal(command="sleep 15 && tmux capture-pane -t claude-work -p -S -50")

# Send follow-up tasks
terminal(command="tmux send-keys -t claude-work 'Now add unit tests for the new JWT code' Enter")

# Exit when done
terminal(command="tmux send-keys -t claude-work '/exit' Enter")

When to use interactive mode:

• Multi-turn iterative work (refactor → review → fix → test cycle)
• Tasks requiring human-in-the-loop decisions
• Exploratory coding sessions
• When you need to use Claude's slash commands (/compact, /review, /model)

PTY Dialog Handling (CRITICAL for Interactive Mode)

Claude Code presents up to two confirmation dialogs on first launch. You MUST handle these via tmux send-keys:

Dialog 1: Workspace Trust (first visit to a directory)

❯ 1. Yes, I trust this folder    ← DEFAULT (just press Enter)
  2. No, exit

Handling: tmux send-keys -t <session> Enter — default selection is correct.

Dialog 2: Bypass Permissions Warning (only with --dangerously-skip-permissions)

❯ 1. No, exit                    ← DEFAULT (WRONG choice!)
  2. Yes, I accept

Handling: Must navigate DOWN first, then Enter:

tmux send-keys -t <session> Down && sleep 0.3 && tmux send-keys -t <session> Enter

Robust Dialog Handling Pattern

# Launch with permissions bypass
terminal(command="tmux send-keys -t claude-work 'claude --dangerously-skip-permissions \"your task\"' Enter")

# Handle trust dialog (Enter for default "Yes")
terminal(command="sleep 4 && tmux send-keys -t claude-work Enter")

# Handle permissions dialog (Down then Enter for "Yes, I accept")
terminal(command="sleep 3 && tmux send-keys -t claude-work Down && sleep 0.3 && tmux send-keys -t claude-work Enter")

# Now wait for Claude to work
terminal(command="sleep 15 && tmux capture-pane -t claude-work -p -S -60")

Note: After the first trust acceptance for a directory, the trust dialog won't appear again. Only the permissions dialog recurs each time you use --dangerously-skip-permissions.

CLI Subcommands

Print Mode Deep Dive

Structured JSON Output

terminal(command="claude -p 'Analyze auth.py for security issues' --output-format json --max-turns 5", workdir="/project", timeout=120)

Returns a JSON object with:

{
  "type": "result",
  "subtype": "success",
  "result": "The analysis text...",
  "session_id": "75e2167f-...",
  "num_turns": 3,
  "total_cost_usd": 0.0787,
  "duration_ms": 10276,
  "stop_reason": "end_turn",
  "terminal_reason": "completed",
  "usage": { "input_tokens": 5, "output_tokens": 603, ... },
  "modelUsage": { "claude-sonnet-4-6": { "costUSD": 0.078, "contextWindow": 200000 } }
}

Key fields: session_id for resumption, num_turns for agentic loop count, total_cost_usd for spend tracking, subtype for success/error detection (success, error_max_turns, error_budget).

Streaming JSON Output

For real-time token streaming, use stream-json with --verbose:

terminal(command="claude -p 'Write a summary' --output-format stream-json --verbose --include-partial-messages", timeout=60)

Returns newline-delimited JSON events. Filter with jq for live text:

claude -p "Explain X" --output-format stream-json --verbose --include-partial-messages | \
  jq -rj 'select(.type == "stream_event" and .event.delta.type? == "text_delta") | .event.delta.text'

Stream events include system/api_retry with attempt, max_retries, and error fields (e.g., rate_limit, billing_error).

Bidirectional Streaming

For real-time input AND output streaming:

claude -p "task" --input-format stream-json --output-format stream-json --replay-user-messages

--replay-user-messages re-emits user messages on stdout for acknowledgment.

Piped Input

# Pipe a file for analysis
terminal(command="cat src/auth.py | claude -p 'Review this code for bugs' --max-turns 1", timeout=60)

# Pipe multiple files
terminal(command="cat src/*.py | claude -p 'Find all TODO comments' --max-turns 1", timeout=60)

# Pipe command output
terminal(command="git diff HEAD~3 | claude -p 'Summarize these changes' --max-turns 1", timeout=60)

JSON Schema for Structured Extraction

terminal(command="claude -p 'List all functions in src/' --output-format json --json-schema '{\"type\":\"object\",\"properties\":{\"functions\":{\"type\":\"array\",\"items\":{\"type\":\"string\"}}},\"required\":[\"functions\"]}' --max-turns 5", workdir="/project", timeout=90)

Parse structured_output from the JSON result. Claude validates output against the schema before returning.

Session Continuation

# Start a task
terminal(command="claude -p 'Start refactoring the database layer' --output-format json --max-turns 10 > /tmp/session.json", workdir="/project", timeout=180)

# Resume with session ID
terminal(command="claude -p 'Continue and add connection pooling' --resume $(cat /tmp/session.json | python3 -c 'import json,sys; print(json.load(sys.stdin)[\"session_id\"])') --max-turns 5", workdir="/project", timeout=120)

# Or resume the most recent session in the same directory
terminal(command="claude -p 'What did you do last time?' --continue --max-turns 1", workdir="/project", timeout=30)

# Fork a session (new ID, keeps history)
terminal(command="claude -p 'Try a different approach' --resume <id> --fork-session --max-turns 10", workdir="/project", timeout=120)

Bare Mode for CI/Scripting

terminal(command="claude --bare -p 'Run all tests and report failures' --allowedTools 'Read,Bash' --max-turns 10", workdir="/project", timeout=180)

--bare skips hooks, plugins, MCP discovery, and CLAUDE.md loading. Fastest startup. Requires ANTHROPIC_API_KEY (skips OAuth).

To selectively load context in bare mode:

Fallback Model for Overload

terminal(command="claude -p 'task' --fallback-model haiku --max-turns 5", timeout=90)

Automatically falls back to the specified model when the default is overloaded (print mode only).

Complete CLI Flags Reference

Session & Environment

Model & Performance

Permission & Safety

Output & Input Format

System Prompt & Context

Debugging

Agent Teams

Tool Name Syntax for --allowedTools / --disallowedTools

Read                    # All file reading
Edit                    # File editing (existing files)
Write                   # File creation (new files)
Bash                    # All shell commands
Bash(git *)             # Only git commands
Bash(git commit *)      # Only git commit commands
Bash(npm run lint:*)    # Pattern matching with wildcards
WebSearch               # Web search capability
WebFetch                # Web page fetching
mcp__<server>__<tool>   # Specific MCP tool

Settings & Configuration

Settings Hierarchy (highest to lowest priority)

1. CLI flags — override everything
2. Local project: .claude/settings.local.json (personal, gitignored)
3. Project: .claude/settings.json (shared, git-tracked)
4. User: ~/.claude/settings.json (global)

Permissions in Settings

{
  "permissions": {
    "allow": ["Bash(npm run lint:*)", "WebSearch", "Read"],
    "ask": ["Write(*.ts)", "Bash(git push*)"],
    "deny": ["Read(.env)", "Bash(rm -rf *)"]
  }
}

Memory Files (CLAUDE.md) Hierarchy

1. Global: ~/.claude/CLAUDE.md — applies to all projects
2. Project: ./CLAUDE.md — project-specific context (git-tracked)
3. Local: .claude/CLAUDE.local.md — personal project overrides (gitignored)

Use the # prefix in interactive mode to quickly add to memory: # Always use 2-space indentation.

Interactive Session: Slash Commands

Session & Context

Development & Review

Configuration & Tools

Custom Slash Commands

Create .claude/commands/<name>.md (project-shared) or ~/.claude/commands/<name>.md (personal):

# .claude/commands/deploy.md
Run the deploy pipeline:
1. Run all tests
2. Build the Docker image
3. Push to registry
4. Update the $ARGUMENTS environment (default: staging)

Usage: /deploy production — $ARGUMENTS is replaced with the user's input.

Skills (Natural Language Invocation)

Unlike slash commands (manually invoked), skills in .claude/skills/ are markdown guides that Claude invokes automatically via natural language when the task matches:

# .claude/skills/database-migration.md
When asked to create or modify database migrations:
1. Use Alembic for migration generation
2. Always create a rollback function
3. Test migrations against a local database copy

Interactive Session: Keyboard Shortcuts

General Controls

Mode Toggles

Multiline Input

Input Prefixes

Pro Tip: "ultrathink"

Use the keyword "ultrathink" in your prompt for maximum reasoning effort on a specific turn. This triggers the deepest thinking mode regardless of the current /effort setting.

PR Review Pattern

Quick Review (Print Mode)

terminal(command="cd /path/to/repo && git diff main...feature-branch | claude -p 'Review this diff for bugs, security issues, and style problems. Be thorough.' --max-turns 1", timeout=60)

Deep Review (Interactive + Worktree)

terminal(command="tmux new-session -d -s review -x 140 -y 40")
terminal(command="tmux send-keys -t review 'cd /path/to/repo && claude -w pr-review' Enter")
terminal(command="sleep 5 && tmux send-keys -t review Enter")  # Trust dialog
terminal(command="sleep 2 && tmux send-keys -t review 'Review all changes vs main. Check for bugs, security issues, race conditions, and missing tests.' Enter")
terminal(command="sleep 30 && tmux capture-pane -t review -p -S -60")

PR Review from Number

terminal(command="claude -p 'Review this PR thoroughly' --from-pr 42 --max-turns 10", workdir="/path/to/repo", timeout=120)

Claude Worktree with tmux

terminal(command="claude -w feature-x --tmux", workdir="/path/to/repo")

Creates an isolated git worktree at .claude/worktrees/feature-x AND a tmux session for it. Uses iTerm2 native panes when available; add --tmux=classic for traditional tmux.

Parallel Claude Instances

Run multiple independent Claude tasks simultaneously:

# Task 1: Fix backend
terminal(command="tmux new-session -d -s task1 -x 140 -y 40 && tmux send-keys -t task1 'cd ~/project && claude -p \"Fix the auth bug in src/auth.py\" --allowedTools \"Read,Edit\" --max-turns 10' Enter")

# Task 2: Write tests
terminal(command="tmux new-session -d -s task2 -x 140 -y 40 && tmux send-keys -t task2 'cd ~/project && claude -p \"Write integration tests for the API endpoints\" --allowedTools \"Read,Write,Bash\" --max-turns 15' Enter")

# Task 3: Update docs
terminal(command="tmux new-session -d -s task3 -x 140 -y 40 && tmux send-keys -t task3 'cd ~/project && claude -p \"Update README.md with the new API endpoints\" --allowedTools \"Read,Edit\" --max-turns 5' Enter")

# Monitor all
terminal(command="sleep 30 && for s in task1 task2 task3; do echo '=== '$s' ==='; tmux capture-pane -t $s -p -S -5 2>/dev/null; done")

CLAUDE.md — Project Context File

Claude Code auto-loads CLAUDE.md from the project root. Use it to persist project context:

# Project: My API

## Architecture
- FastAPI backend with SQLAlchemy ORM
- PostgreSQL database, Redis cache
- pytest for testing with 90% coverage target

## Key Commands
- `make test` — run full test suite
- `make lint` — ruff + mypy
- `make dev` — start dev server on :8000

## Code Standards
- Type hints on all public functions
- Docstrings in Google style
- 2-space indentation for YAML, 4-space for Python
- No wildcard imports

Be specific. Instead of "Write good code", use "Use 2-space indentation for JS" or "Name test files with .test.ts suffix." Specific instructions save correction cycles.

Rules Directory (Modular CLAUDE.md)

For projects with many rules, use the rules directory instead of one massive CLAUDE.md:

• Project rules: .claude/rules/*.md — team-shared, git-tracked
• User rules: ~/.claude/rules/*.md — personal, global

Each .md file in the rules directory is loaded as additional context. This is cleaner than cramming everything into a single CLAUDE.md.

Auto-Memory

Claude automatically stores learned project context in ~/.claude/projects/<project>/memory/.

• Limit: 25KB or 200 lines per project
• This is separate from CLAUDE.md — it's Claude's own notes about the project, accumulated across sessions

Custom Subagents

Define specialized agents in .claude/agents/ (project), ~/.claude/agents/ (personal), or via --agents CLI flag (session):

Agent Location Priority

1. .claude/agents/ — project-level, team-shared
2. --agents CLI flag — session-specific, dynamic
3. ~/.claude/agents/ — user-level, personal

Creating an Agent

# .claude/agents/security-reviewer.md
---
name: security-reviewer
description: Security-focused code review
model: opus
tools: [Read, Bash]
---
You are a senior security engineer. Review code for:
- Injection vulnerabilities (SQL, XSS, command injection)
- Authentication/authorization flaws
- Secrets in code
- Unsafe deserialization

Invoke via: @security-reviewer review the auth module

Dynamic Agents via CLI

terminal(command="claude --agents '{\"reviewer\": {\"description\": \"Reviews code\", \"prompt\": \"You are a code reviewer focused on performance\"}}' -p 'Use @reviewer to check auth.py'", timeout=120)

Claude can orchestrate multiple agents: "Use @db-expert to optimize queries, then @security to audit the changes."

Hooks — Automation on Events

Configure in .claude/settings.json (project) or ~/.claude/settings.json (global):

{
  "hooks": {
    "PostToolUse": [{
      "matcher": "Write(*.py)",
      "hooks": [{"type": "command", "command": "ruff check --fix $CLAUDE_FILE_PATHS"}]
    }],
    "PreToolUse": [{
      "matcher": "Bash",
      "hooks": [{"type": "command", "command": "if echo \"$CLAUDE_TOOL_INPUT\" | grep -q 'rm -rf'; then echo 'Blocked!' && exit 2; fi"}]
    }],
    "Stop": [{
      "hooks": [{"type": "command", "command": "echo 'Claude finished a response' >> /tmp/claude-activity.log"}]
    }]
  }
}

All 8 Hook Types

Hook Environment Variables

Security Hook Examples

{
  "PreToolUse": [{
    "matcher": "Bash",
    "hooks": [{"type": "command", "command": "if echo \"$CLAUDE_TOOL_INPUT\" | grep -qE 'rm -rf|git push.*--force|:(){ :|:& };:'; then echo 'Dangerous command blocked!' && exit 2; fi"}]
  }]
}

MCP Integration

Add external tool servers for databases, APIs, and services:

# GitHub integration
terminal(command="claude mcp add -s user github -- npx @modelcontextprotocol/server-github", timeout=30)

# PostgreSQL queries
terminal(command="claude mcp add -s local postgres -- npx @anthropic-ai/server-postgres --connection-string postgresql://localhost/mydb", timeout=30)

# Puppeteer for web testing
terminal(command="claude mcp add puppeteer -- npx @anthropic-ai/server-puppeteer", timeout=30)

MCP Scopes

MCP in Print/CI Mode

terminal(command="claude --bare -p 'Query database' --mcp-config mcp-servers.json --strict-mcp-config", timeout=60)

--strict-mcp-config ignores all MCP servers except those from --mcp-config.

Reference MCP resources in chat: @github:issue://123

MCP Limits & Tuning

• Tool descriptions: 2KB cap per server for tool descriptions and server instructions
• Result size: Default capped; use maxResultSizeChars annotation to allow up to 500K characters for large outputs
• Output tokens: export MAX_MCP_OUTPUT_TOKENS=50000 — cap output from MCP servers to prevent context flooding
• Transports: stdio (local process), http (remote), sse (server-sent events)

Monitoring Interactive Sessions

Reading the TUI Status

# Periodic capture to check if Claude is still working or waiting for input
terminal(command="tmux capture-pane -t dev -p -S -10")

Look for these indicators:

• ❯ at bottom = waiting for your input (Claude is done or asking a question)
• ● lines = Claude is actively using tools (reading, writing, running commands)
• ⏵⏵ bypass permissions on = status bar showing permissions mode
• ◐ medium · /effort = current effort level in status bar
• ctrl+o to expand = tool output was truncated (can be expanded interactively)

Context Window Health

Use /context in interactive mode to see a colored grid of context usage. Key thresholds:

• < 70% — Normal operation, full precision
• 70-85% — Precision starts dropping, consider /compact
• > 85% — Hallucination risk spikes significantly, use /compact or /clear

Environment Variables

Cost & Performance Tips

1. Use --max-turns in print mode to prevent runaway loops. Start with 5-10 for most tasks.
2. Use --max-budget-usd for cost caps. Note: minimum ~$0.05 for system prompt cache creation.
3. Use --effort low for simple tasks (faster, cheaper). high or max for complex reasoning.
4. Use --bare for CI/scripting to skip plugin/hook discovery overhead.
5. Use --allowedTools to restrict to only what's needed (e.g., Read only for reviews).
6. Use /compact in interactive sessions when context gets large.
7. Pipe input instead of having Claude read files when you just need analysis of known content.
8. Use --model haiku for simple tasks (cheaper) and --model opus for complex multi-step work.
9. Use --fallback-model haiku in print mode to gracefully handle model overload.
10. Start new sessions for distinct tasks — sessions last 5 hours; fresh context is more efficient.
11. Use --no-session-persistence in CI to avoid accumulating saved sessions on disk.

设计哲学：98.4%是工程，不是AI

核心理念：模型能力再强，如果没有好的"Harness"（鞍具），也无法在具体项目中发挥价值。详见 references/architecture-design-philosophy.md。

Harness隐喻

「一匹马可以跑得很快很有力，但它自己不知道往哪儿走：整套挽具决定了它的方向。」

• 方向盘：指引方向（CLAUDE.md、Skills）
• 刹车：安全保障（Hooks、权限系统）
• 导航：上下文理解（上下文管理、文档）

能力占比真相

今天就能做的3件事

1. 建立CLAUDE.md：10分钟写完架构规则、命名约定、踩过的坑。AI犯错时先问：CLAUDE.md里缺了什么？
2. 把重复做事变成Skill：Code review、commit message、发布说明——不该每天手敲提示词
3. 在踩坑地方加Hook：最有杠杆的部分，用确定性代码做强制检查，不依赖AI变聪明

关键洞察

• Hook的核心不在写代码，而在写规则
• 不换模型，优化Harness也能显著提升效果（LangChain案例：52.8→66.5）
• 工程师价值从"我能写多少行代码"转向"我能为AI设计多严格的工作环境"

Pitfalls & Gotchas

1. Interactive mode REQUIRES tmux — Claude Code is a full TUI app. Using pty=true alone in Hermes terminal works but tmux gives you capture-pane for monitoring and send-keys for input, which is essential for orchestration.
2. --dangerously-skip-permissions dialog defaults to "No, exit" — you must send Down then Enter to accept. Print mode (-p) skips this entirely.
3. --max-budget-usd minimum is ~$0.05 — system prompt cache creation alone costs this much. Setting lower will error immediately.
4. --max-turns is print-mode only — ignored in interactive sessions.
5. Claude may use python instead of python3 — on systems without a python symlink, Claude's bash commands will fail on first try but it self-corrects.
6. Session resumption requires same directory — --continue finds the most recent session for the current working directory.
7. --json-schema needs enough --max-turns — Claude must read files before producing structured output, which takes multiple turns.
8. Trust dialog only appears once per directory — first-time only, then cached.
9. Background tmux sessions persist — always clean up with tmux kill-session -t <name> when done.
10. Slash commands (like /commit) only work in interactive mode — in -p mode, describe the task in natural language instead.
11. --bare skips OAuth — requires ANTHROPIC_API_KEY env var or an apiKeyHelper in settings.
12. Context degradation is real — AI output quality measurably degrades above 70% context window usage. Monitor with /context and proactively /compact.

Rules for Hermes Agents

1. Prefer print mode (-p) for single tasks — cleaner, no dialog handling, structured output
2. Use tmux for multi-turn interactive work — the only reliable way to orchestrate the TUI
3. Always set workdir — keep Claude focused on the right project directory
4. Set --max-turns in print mode — prevents infinite loops and runaway costs
5. Monitor tmux sessions — use tmux capture-pane -t <session> -p -S -50 to check progress
6. Look for the ❯ prompt — indicates Claude is waiting for input (done or asking a question)
7. Clean up tmux sessions — kill them when done to avoid resource leaks
8. Report results to user — after completion, summarize what Claude did and what changed
9. Don't kill slow sessions — Claude may be doing multi-step work; check progress instead
10. Use --allowedTools — restrict capabilities to what the task actually needs

📋 检查点设计

检查点 1：环境准备验证

【前置检查】执行任务前必须验证：

# 检查Claude Code是否安装
which claude && claude --version

# 检查认证状态
claude auth status --text

# 检查工作目录
test -d "/path/to/project" && echo "✓ 目录存在" || echo "✗ 目录不存在"

验证清单：

• Claude Code已安装（v2.x+）
• 认证状态有效（Pro/Max或API Key）
• 工作目录存在且可访问
• tmux已安装（如需交互模式）

检查点 2：Print Mode执行验证

【执行中监控】Print Mode关键指标：

# 执行并捕获退出码
claude -p "任务描述" --max-turns 10 --allowedTools "Read,Edit"
exit_code=$?

# 检查退出码
if [ $exit_code -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "✓ 任务成功完成"
else
    echo "✗ 任务失败，退出码: $exit_code"
fi

验证清单：

• 命令退出码为0（成功）
• 输出内容符合预期
• 文件修改已生效（如有）
• 未超过max-turns限制

检查点 3：Interactive Mode会话验证

【会话管理】Interactive Mode关键节点：

# 1. 启动tmux会话
tmux new-session -d -s claude-work -x 140 -y 40
echo "✓ tmux会话已创建"

# 2. 启动Claude并等待初始化
tmux send-keys -t claude-work 'cd /project && claude' Enter
sleep 5  # 等待初始化

# 3. 处理信任对话框
tmux send-keys -t claude-work Enter
sleep 3

# 4. 验证Claude已就绪（检查提示符）
tmux capture-pane -t claude-work -p -S -5 | grep "❯" && echo "✓ Claude已就绪"

验证清单：

• tmux会话创建成功
• Claude初始化完成
• 信任对话框已处理
• Claude提示符可见（❯）

检查点 4：任务完成验证

【结果验证】任务完成后必须检查：

# Print Mode结果验证
claude -p "任务描述" --output-format json 2>&1 | jq -r '.status'
# 期望输出: "success" 或 "completed"

# Interactive Mode进度检查
tmux capture-pane -t claude-work -p -S -50 | grep -E "(完成|finished|done|❯)"
# 期望看到完成标志或新的提示符

# 文件修改验证
git status --short  # 检查是否有预期的文件变更
git diff --stat     # 检查修改范围

验证清单：

• 任务状态为success/completed
• 文件修改符合预期
• 无错误或警告信息
• 代码可编译/运行（如适用）

⚠️ 异常处理

异常类型1：认证失败

症状：

Error: Not authenticated. Run 'claude auth login' first.

恢复流程：

# 1. 检查认证状态
claude auth status

# 2. 重新认证
claude auth login  # 浏览器OAuth
# 或
claude auth login --console  # API Key

# 3. 验证认证成功
claude auth status --text | grep "Logged in"

异常类型2：工作目录不存在

症状：

Error: Directory '/path/to/project' does not exist

恢复流程：

# 1. 验证目录路径
pwd
ls -la /path/to/project

# 2. 创建目录（如需要）
mkdir -p /path/to/project

# 3. 重新执行任务
cd /path/to/project && claude -p "任务描述"

异常类型3：超时或卡死

症状：

• Print Mode长时间无输出（>5分钟）
• Interactive Mode无响应（>10分钟）

恢复流程：

# Print Mode
# 1. 中断当前命令（Ctrl+C）
# 2. 降低max-turns
claude -p "任务描述" --max-turns 5

# Interactive Mode
# 1. 检查会话状态
tmux capture-pane -t claude-work -p -S -50

# 2. 强制退出并重启
tmux kill-session -t claude-work
tmux new-session -d -s claude-work

异常类型4：权限被拒绝

症状：

Error: Permission denied: /path/to/file

恢复流程：

# 1. 检查文件权限
ls -la /path/to/file

# 2. 修改权限（如需要）
chmod 644 /path/to/file  # 文件
chmod 755 /path/to/dir   # 目录

# 3. 重新执行任务
claude -p "任务描述"

异常类型5：模型过载

症状：

Error: Model overloaded. Please retry.

恢复流程：

# 1. 使用fallback模型
claude -p "任务描述" --fallback-model haiku

# 2. 或直接使用Haiku
claude -p "任务描述" --model haiku

# 3. 等待后重试
sleep 60 && claude -p "任务描述"

异常类型6：上下文窗口溢出

症状：

Error: Context window exceeded. Use /compact or reduce input size.

恢复流程：

# Interactive Mode
tmux send-keys -t claude-work '/compact' Enter
sleep 5

# Print Mode
# 1. 减少输入文件数量
claude -p "分析单个文件" --allowedTools "Read"

# 2. 或使用更短的提示词
claude -p "简要分析 auth.py"

异常类型7：tmux会话冲突

症状：

duplicate session

恢复流程：

# 1. 列出现有会话
tmux list-sessions

# 2. 杀死旧会话
tmux kill-session -t claude-work

# 3. 创建新会话
tmux new-session -d -s claude-work

异常类型8：预算超限

症状：

Error: Budget exceeded ($X.XX used, limit was $Y.YY)

恢复流程：

# 1. 提高预算限制
claude -p "任务描述" --max-budget-usd 1.00

# 2. 或使用更便宜的模型
claude -p "任务描述" --model haiku

# 3. 减少max-turns
claude -p "任务描述" --max-turns 3

🎯 边界条件

资源边界

并发边界

性能边界

使用场景边界

适用场景 ✅：

• 代码重构和优化
• Bug修复和调试
• 代码审查和改进
• 文档生成
• 测试编写
• API集成

不适用场景 ❌：

• 实时性要求高的任务（<5秒响应）
• 大规模文件批量处理（>100文件）
• 需要图形界面的操作
• 系统级配置修改
• 敏感数据处理（无审计）

📊 成功指标

🔄 恢复策略总结

⚠️ Known Gotchas

认证和权限问题

• 认证过期: Claude Code 会话失效

  # 检查认证状态
  claude auth status
  
  # 重新认证
  claude auth login
  
  # 或使用 API Key
  export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY="sk-ant-..."
  claude auth login --console
  

• **权限

…(truncated)