I18N Localization

i18n & Localization

Internationalization (i18n) and Localization (L10n) best practices.

1. Core Concepts

2. When to Use i18n

3. Implementation Patterns

React (react-i18next)

import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";

function Welcome() {
  const { t } = useTranslation();
  return <h1>{t("welcome.title")}</h1>;
}

Next.js (next-intl)

import { useTranslations } from "next-intl";

export default function Page() {
  const t = useTranslations("Home");
  return <h1>{t("title")}</h1>;
}

Python (gettext)

from gettext import gettext as _

print(_("Welcome to our app"))

4. File Structure

locales/
├── en/
│   ├── common.json
│   ├── auth.json
│   └── errors.json
├── tr/
│   ├── common.json
│   ├── auth.json
│   └── errors.json
└── ar/          # RTL
    └── ...

5. Best Practices

DO ✅

• Use translation keys, not raw text
• Namespace translations by feature
• Support pluralization
• Handle date/number formats per locale
• Plan for RTL from the start
• Use ICU message format for complex strings

DON'T ❌

• Hardcode strings in components
• Concatenate translated strings
• Assume text length (German is 30% longer)
• Forget about RTL layout
• Mix languages in same file

6. Common Issues

7. RTL Support

/* CSS Logical Properties */
.container {
  margin-inline-start: 1rem; /* Not margin-left */
  padding-inline-end: 1rem; /* Not padding-right */
}

[dir="rtl"] .icon {
  transform: scaleX(-1);
}

8. Checklist

Before shipping:

• All user-facing strings use translation keys
• Locale files exist for all supported languages
• Date/number formatting uses Intl API
• RTL layout tested (if applicable)
• Fallback language configured
• No hardcoded strings in components

Script