Testing QA

Testing & QA Practices

Use this skill when adding tests, fixing failing tests, or deciding how to verify a change safely.

Priorities

1. Test real behavior
2. Keep tests deterministic
3. Match test scope to risk
4. Prefer fast feedback
5. Keep tests maintainable

Core Rules

1. Start with the smallest useful test

• Unit tests for isolated logic
• Integration tests for contracts between components
• E2E only for critical user journeys and system-level confidence

Do not jump to the heaviest test layer first unless the bug or requirement is only visible there.

2. Test behavior, not implementation trivia

• Assert observable outcomes.
• Avoid coupling tests to internal helper structure unless that structure is the contract.
• Refactors should not break good tests when behavior is unchanged.

3. Keep tests deterministic

• Control time, randomness, network, and external services.
• Use fixtures/factories intentionally.
• Avoid sleeps and timing races when a proper wait/trigger exists.

4. Cover the exact risk you introduced

For every meaningful change, ask:

• what can regress?
• what edge case is easiest to miss?
• what user-visible behavior proves the fix or feature works?

5. Keep verification layered

• narrow automated checks first
• broader integration next when needed
• manual verification for UX, environment-specific flows, or things automation cannot cheaply prove

By Test Type

Unit

• ideal for pure logic, mapping, formatting, validators, reducers, helpers
• should be fast and isolated

Integration

• use for DB interactions, API contracts, module boundaries, queue/worker behavior, or framework integration
• prefer realistic wiring with limited mocking

End-to-End

• reserve for high-value journeys
• keep scenarios independent
• avoid bloated end-to-end suites that duplicate lower-level coverage

Good Testing Defaults

• add a regression test for bug fixes when the repo has tests
• prefer factories over giant inline fixtures
• keep one test focused on one behavior
• name tests so failure explains the broken expectation

Review Heuristics

Look for:

• tests that assert implementation details instead of behavior
• missing regression coverage for the changed risk
• non-deterministic waits and sleeps
• over-mocking that hides real integration bugs
• giant fixtures that make failures hard to reason about
• E2E coverage used where a smaller test would be clearer

Anti-Patterns

Avoid:

• asserting every internal call in routine code
• snapshot-heavy testing without meaningful review discipline
• tests that only prove mocks were configured
• one huge test covering many unrelated behaviors
• fragile selectors in UI tests when stable hooks exist

Quick Checklist

• Test scope matches the risk
• Behavior under test is explicit
• Test is deterministic
• Regression path is covered when relevant
• Mocks are limited to true external boundaries
• Manual verification steps are noted when automation is insufficient