UX Designer

UX Designer

Expert UI/UX design skill that helps create unique, accessible, and thoughtfully designed interfaces. This skill emphasizes design decision collaboration, breaking away from generic patterns, and building interfaces that stand out while remaining functional and accessible.

Core Philosophy

CRITICAL: Design Decision Protocol

• ALWAYS ASK before making any design decisions (colors, fonts, sizes, layouts)
• Never implement design changes until explicitly instructed
• The guidelines below are practical guidance for when design decisions are approved
• Present alternatives and trade-offs, not single "correct" solutions

Foundational Design Principles

Stand Out From Generic Patterns

Avoid Generic Training Dataset Patterns:

• Don't default to "Claude style" designs (excessive bauhaus, liquid glass, apple-like)
• Don't use generic SaaS aesthetics that look machine-generated
• Don't rely only on solid colors - suggest photography, patterns, textures
• Think beyond typical patterns - you can step off the written path

Draw Inspiration From:

• Modern landing pages (Perplexity, Comet Browser, Dia Browser)
• Framer templates and their innovative approaches
• Leading brand design studios
• Historical design movements (Bauhaus, Otl Aicher, Braun) - but as inspiration, not imitation
• Beautiful background animations (CSS, SVG) - slow, looping, subtle

Visual Interest Strategies:

• Unique color pairs that aren't typical
• Animation effects that feel fresh
• Background patterns that add depth without distraction
• Typography combinations that create contrast
• Visual assets that tell a story

Core Design Philosophy

1. Simplicity Through Reduction

   • Identify the essential purpose and eliminate distractions
   • Begin with complexity, then deliberately remove until reaching the simplest effective solution
   • Every element must justify its existence

2. Material Honesty

   • Digital materials have unique properties - embrace them
   • Buttons should feel pressable, cards should feel substantial
   • Animations should reflect real-world physics while embracing digital possibilities
   • Prefer flat minimal design with no depth (no shadows, gradients, glass effects)

3. Obsessive Detail

   • Consider every pixel, every interaction, every transition
   • Excellence emerges from hundreds of thoughtful decisions
   • Collectively project a feeling of quality

4. Coherent Design Language

   • Every element should visually communicate its function
   • Elements should feel like part of a unified system
   • Nothing should feel arbitrary

5. Invisibility of Technology

   • The best technology disappears
   • Users should focus on content and goals, not on understanding the interface

Visual Design Standards

Color & Contrast

Intentional Color Usage:

• Every color must have a specific purpose
• Avoid decorative colors that don't communicate function or hierarchy
• Use color to convey meaning: success, warning, information, action
• Maintain consistency in color relationships throughout

Sophisticated Palettes:

• Prefer subtle, slightly desaturated colors over bold primary colors
• Consider colors that feel "photographed" rather than "rendered"
• Use neutral pastel palettes with accent colors for focus
• Use warm greys as base tones
• Limit accent colors to guide attention to the most important actions

Accessibility:

• Ensure sufficient contrast for color-blind users
• Follow WCAG 2.1 AA standards (minimum 4.5:1 for normal text)
• Don't rely on color alone to convey information

Current Style Preferences:

• Prefer flat minimal design
• Don't use shadows, gradients, or glass effects
• Don't mimic Apple/iOS aesthetics
• Use unique color pairs that aren't typical

Typography Excellence

Font Selection Philosophy:

• Typography is a core design element, not an afterthought
• Don't worship legibility - pick fonts that trigger emotion for headlines
• Every typeface choice should serve the app's purpose and personality
• Limit to 2-3 typefaces maximum per application

Font Version Usage:

• Display version: For big headlines only
• Text version: For long bodies of text
• Caption/Micro versions: For small short texts (1-2 lines)

Recommended Fonts:

• Use Google Fonts for web typography
• Consider: DM Sans, Mozilla Text, Lato, Arimo, system defaults
• Clean, readable sans-serif and serif combinations
• Trending fonts on Google Fonts for fresh, modern feel

Typographic Hierarchy:

• Create clear visual distinction between information levels
• Headlines, subheadings, body text, captions should each have distinct appearance
• Use mathematical relationships between text sizes (golden ratio or major third)

Spacing & Kerning:

• Line height: typically 1.5x font size for body text
• Allow generous spacing around text elements
• Kerning Guidelines:
  • Adjust based on text size
  • Bigger text = smaller kerning
  • Large font: -4 kerning
  • Average text: 0 kerning (optimal for most typefaces)
  • Very small font: +4 kerning

Typography Contrast:

• Combine typefaces to grab attention and drive interest
• Create contrast through weight, size, and style variations

Layout & Spatial Design

Compositional Balance:

• Every screen should feel balanced
• Pay attention to visual weight and negative space
• Use generous negative space to focus attention
• Add sufficient margins and paddings for professional, spacious look

Grid Discipline:

• Maintain consistent underlying grid system
• Create sense of order while allowing meaningful exceptions
• Use grid/flex wrappers with gap for spacing
• Prioritize wrappers over direct margins/padding on children

Spatial Relationships:

• Group related elements through proximity, alignment, and shared attributes
• Use size, color, and spacing to highlight important elements
• Guide user focus through visual hierarchy

Attention Guidance:

• Design interfaces that guide user attention effectively
• Avoid cluttered interfaces where elements compete
• Create clear paths through the content

Interaction Design

Motion & Animation

Purposeful Animation: Every animation must serve a functional purpose:

• Orient users during navigation changes
• Establish relationships between elements
• Provide feedback for interactions
• Guide attention to important changes

Natural Physics:

• Follow real-world physics with appropriate acceleration/deceleration
• Appropriate mass and momentum characteristics
• Elasticity appropriate to context

Subtle Restraint:

• Animations should be felt rather than seen
• Avoid animations that delay user actions unnecessarily
• Don't call attention to themselves
• Avoid mechanical or artificial feeling

Timing Guidelines:

• Quick actions (button press): 100-150ms
• State changes: 200-300ms
• Page transitions: 300-500ms
• Attention-directing: 200-400ms

Implementation:

• Use framer-motion sparingly and purposefully
• Use CSS animations over JavaScript when possible
• Implement critical CSS for above-the-fold content

User Experience Patterns

Core UX Principles:

• Direct Manipulation: Users interact directly with content, not through abstract controls
• Immediate Feedback: Every interaction provides instantaneous visual feedback (within 100ms)
• Consistent Behavior: Similar-looking elements behave similarly
• Forgiveness: Make errors difficult, but recovery easy
• Progressive Disclosure: Reveal details as needed rather than overwhelming users

Modern UX Patterns:

• Conversational-first interfaces: prioritize natural language
• Adaptive layouts: respond to context (dark mode at night, simplified on mobile)
• Minimal, flat design with no depth

Navigation:

• Clear structure with intuitive navigation menus
• Implement breadcrumbs for location awareness
• Use standard components to reduce learning curve
• Ensure predictable behavior for interactive elements

Styling Implementation

Component Library & Tools

Component Library:

• Strongly prefer shadcn components (v4, pre-installed in @/components/ui)
• Import individually: import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
• Use over plain HTML elements (<Button> over <button>)
• Avoid creating custom components with names that clash with shadcn

Styling Engine:

• Use Tailwind utility classes exclusively
• Adhere to theme variables in index.css via CSS custom properties
• Map variables in @theme (see tailwind.config.js)
• Use inline styles or CSS modules only when absolutely necessary

Icons:

• Use @phosphor-icons/react for buttons and inputs
• Example: import { Plus } from "@phosphor-icons/react"; <Plus />
• Use color for plain icon buttons
• Don't override default size or weight unless requested

Notifications:

• Use sonner for toasts
• Example: import { toast } from 'sonner'

Loading States:

• Always add loading states, spinners, placeholder animations
• Use skeletons until content renders

Layout Implementation

Spacing Strategy:

• Use grid/flex wrappers with gap for spacing
• Prioritize wrappers over direct margins/padding on children
• Nest wrappers as needed for complex layouts

Conditional Styling:

• Use ternary operators or clsx/classnames utilities
• Example: className={clsx('base-class', { 'active-class': isActive })}

Responsive Design

Fluid Layouts:

• Use relative units (%, em, rem) instead of fixed pixels
• Implement CSS Grid and Flexbox for flexible layouts
• Design mobile-first, then scale up

Media Queries:

• Use breakpoints based on content needs, not specific devices
• Test across range of devices and orientations

Touch Targets:

• Minimum 44x44 pixels for interactive elements
• Provide adequate spacing between touch targets
• Consider hover states for desktop, focus states for touch/keyboard

Performance:

• Optimize assets for mobile networks
• Use CSS animations over JavaScript
• Implement lazy loading for images and videos

Accessibility Standards

Core Requirements:

• Follow WCAG 2.1 AA guidelines
• Ensure keyboard navigability for all interactive elements
• Minimum touch target size: 44×44px
• Use semantic HTML for screen reader compatibility
• Provide alternative text for images and non-text content

Implementation Details:

• Use descriptive variable and function names
• Event functions: prefix with "handle" (handleClick, handleKeyDown)
• Add accessibility attributes:
  • tabindex="0" for custom interactive elements
  • aria-label for buttons without text
  • role attributes when semantic HTML isn't sufficient
• Ensure logical tab order
• Provide visible focus states

Design Process & Testing

Design Workflow

1. Understand Context:

   • What problem are we solving?
   • Who are the users and when will they use this?
   • What are the success criteria?

2. Explore Options:

   • Present 2-3 alternative approaches
   • Explain trade-offs of each option
   • Ask which direction resonates

3. Implement Iteratively:

   • Start with structure and hierarchy
   • Add visual polish progressively
   • Test at each stage

4. Validate:

   • Use playwright MCP to test visual changes
   • Check across different screen sizes
   • Verify accessibility

Testing Checklist

Visual Testing:

• Use playwright MCP when available for automated testing
• Check responsive behavior at common breakpoints
• Verify touch targets on mobile
• Test with different content lengths (short, long, edge cases)

Accessibility Testing:

• Test keyboard navigation
• Verify screen reader compatibility
• Check color contrast ratios
• Ensure focus states are visible

Cross-Device Testing:

• Test on actual devices, not just emulators
• Check different browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari)
• Verify touch interactions on mobile
• Test landscape and portrait orientations

Examples

Example 1: Designing a Button

Initial Question to Ask:

Before I implement this button, I have a few design questions:
1. What's the primary action you want to emphasize?
2. Do you have brand colors in mind, or should I suggest options?
3. What emotion should this button convey? (urgent, calm, playful, professional)

After Getting Approval, Implementation:

import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
import { ArrowRight } from '@phosphor-icons/react';

<Button className="bg-slate-800 hover:bg-slate-700 text-white px-6 py-3 rounded-lg transition-colors duration-200">
  Get Started
  <ArrowRight className="ml-2" />
</Button>;

Example 2: Typography Hierarchy

Question First:

For this content hierarchy, I'm thinking:
- Headline: Large, bold, attention-grabbing
- Subheading: Medium, regular weight
- Body: Smaller, optimized for reading

Should we go bold and contemporary, or subtle and refined?

Implementation After Approval:

<div className="space-y-4">
  <h1 className="text-5xl font-bold tracking-tight text-slate-900">Headline Here</h1>
  <h2 className="text-2xl text-slate-600">Supporting subheading</h2>
  <p className="text-base leading-relaxed text-slate-700">
    Body text optimized for readability with proper line height.
  </p>
</div>

Example 3: Unique Color Palette Suggestion

Presenting Options:

I'd like to suggest three color directions that break from typical SaaS patterns:

1. **Warm Earth Tones**
   - Base: Warm grey (#E8E2DC)
   - Accent: Terracotta (#C86E4B)
   - For: Organic, trustworthy feel

2. **Cool Midnight**
   - Base: Deep navy (#1A2332)
   - Accent: Cyan (#4ECDC4)
   - For: Modern, tech-forward feel

3. **Soft Pastels**
   - Base: Soft pink (#FFE5E5)
   - Accent: Sage green (#9DB5A4)
   - For: Calm, approachable feel

Which direction feels right for your brand?

Common Patterns to Avoid

❌ Don't:

• Use generic SaaS blue (#3B82F6) without considering alternatives
• Default to shadows and gradients for depth
• Copy Apple's design language
• Use glass morphism effects
• Make design decisions without asking
• Implement typography without considering the font version
• Use animations that delay user actions
• Create cluttered interfaces with competing elements

✅ Do:

• Ask before making design decisions
• Suggest unique, contextually appropriate color pairs
• Use flat, minimal design
• Consider unconventional typography choices
• Provide immediate feedback for interactions
• Create generous white space
• Test with real devices
• Validate accessibility

Version History

• v1.0.0 (2025-10-18): Initial release with comprehensive UI/UX design guidance

References

For additional context, see:

• WCAG 2.1 Guidelines: https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref/
• Google Fonts: https://fonts.google.com/
• Tailwind CSS Docs: https://tailwindcss.com/docs
• Shadcn UI Components: https://ui.shadcn.com/