Trading Strategy Development Skill
Strategy Base Class
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional
from datetime import datetime
from enum import Enum
class SignalType(Enum):
BUY = "buy"
SELL = "sell"
HOLD = "hold"
@dataclass
class Signal:
type: SignalType
token_id: str
price: float
size: float
confidence: float # 0-1
timestamp: datetime
metadata: dict = None
@dataclass
class MarketState:
token_id: str
yes_price: float
no_price: float
volume_24h: float
open_interest: float
orderbook: dict
recent_trades: list
timestamp: datetime
class BaseStrategy(ABC):
"""Base class for all trading strategies."""
def __init__(self, config: dict):
self.config = config
self.positions = {}
self.signals_history = []
@abstractmethod
async def analyze(self, market: MarketState) -> Optional[Signal]:
"""Analyze market and generate signal."""
pass
@abstractmethod
def calculate_position_size(
self,
signal: Signal,
portfolio_value: float
) -> float:
"""Calculate appropriate position size."""
pass
def should_execute(self, signal: Signal) -> bool:
"""Determine if signal should be executed."""
return signal.confidence >= self.config.get("min_confidence", 0.6)
Strategy Types
1. Arbitrage Strategy
class ArbitrageStrategy(BaseStrategy):
"""Detect and exploit pricing inefficiencies."""
async def find_opportunities(
self,
markets: list[MarketState]
) -> list[Signal]:
opportunities = []
# Check YES + NO > 1 (overpriced)
for market in markets:
total = market.yes_price + market.no_price
if total > 1.02: # 2% threshold
opportunities.append(
self._create_arb_signal(market, "overpriced", total)
)
# Check related markets
opportunities.extend(
await self._find_related_arbs(markets)
)
return opportunities
async def analyze(self, market: MarketState) -> Optional[Signal]:
total = market.yes_price + market.no_price
# Overpriced market (YES + NO > 1)
if total > 1.0 + self.config.get("arb_threshold", 0.02):
profit_pct = (total - 1.0) * 100
return Signal(
type=SignalType.SELL,
token_id=market.token_id,
price=total,
size=self.config.get("default_size", 100),
confidence=min(profit_pct / 10, 1.0),
timestamp=datetime.utcnow(),
metadata={"arb_type": "overpriced", "profit_pct": profit_pct}
)
return None
2. Momentum Strategy
class MomentumStrategy(BaseStrategy):
"""Trade based on price momentum and volume."""
async def analyze(self, market: MarketState) -> Optional[Signal]:
# Calculate momentum indicators
price_change = self._calculate_price_change(market, hours=4)
volume_ratio = self._calculate_volume_ratio(market)
orderbook_imbalance = self._calculate_imbalance(market.orderbook)
score = (
price_change * 0.4 +
volume_ratio * 0.3 +
orderbook_imbalance * 0.3
)
if score > self.config.get("buy_threshold", 0.3):
return Signal(
type=SignalType.BUY,
token_id=market.token_id,
price=market.yes_price,
size=self.calculate_position_size(score, 10000),
confidence=min(abs(score), 1.0),
timestamp=datetime.utcnow(),
metadata={
"price_change": price_change,
"volume_ratio": volume_ratio,
"imbalance": orderbook_imbalance
}
)
elif score < self.config.get("sell_threshold", -0.3):
return Signal(
type=SignalType.SELL,
token_id=market.token_id,
price=market.yes_price,
size=self.calculate_position_size(score, 10000),
confidence=min(abs(score), 1.0),
timestamp=datetime.utcnow()
)
return None
def _calculate_imbalance(self, orderbook: dict) -> float:
"""Calculate bid/ask imbalance."""
total_bids = sum(b["size"] for b in orderbook.get("bids", [])[:5])
total_asks = sum(a["size"] for a in orderbook.get("asks", [])[:5])
if total_bids + total_asks == 0:
return 0
return (total_bids - total_asks) / (total_bids + total_asks)
3. Mean Reversion Strategy
class MeanReversionStrategy(BaseStrategy):
"""Trade reversals from price extremes."""
def __init__(self, config: dict):
super().__init__(config)
self.lookback_hours = config.get("lookback_hours", 24)
self.std_threshold = config.get("std_threshold", 2.0)
async def analyze(self, market: MarketState) -> Optional[Signal]:
historical_prices = await self._get_historical_prices(
market.token_id,
hours=self.lookback_hours
)
mean_price = sum(historical_prices) / len(historical_prices)
std_dev = self._calculate_std(historical_prices, mean_price)
current_price = market.yes_price
z_score = (current_price - mean_price) / std_dev if std_dev > 0 else 0
# Price significantly below mean - BUY
if z_score < -self.std_threshold:
return Signal(
type=SignalType.BUY,
token_id=market.token_id,
price=current_price,
size=self.config.get("default_size", 100),
confidence=min(abs(z_score) / 3, 1.0),
timestamp=datetime.utcnow(),
metadata={"z_score": z_score, "mean": mean_price}
)
# Price significantly above mean - SELL
elif z_score > self.std_threshold:
return Signal(
type=SignalType.SELL,
token_id=market.token_id,
price=current_price,
size=self.config.get("default_size", 100),
confidence=min(abs(z_score) / 3, 1.0),
timestamp=datetime.utcnow(),
metadata={"z_score": z_score, "mean": mean_price}
)
return None
Backtesting Framework
@dataclass
class BacktestResult:
strategy_name: str
start_date: datetime
end_date: datetime
initial_capital: float
final_value: float
total_return: float
sharpe_ratio: float
max_drawdown: float
win_rate: float
total_trades: int
trades: list[dict]
equity_curve: list[float]
class Backtester:
def __init__(
self,
strategy: BaseStrategy,
initial_capital: float = 10000,
fee_rate: float = 0.01
):
self.strategy = strategy
self.initial_capital = initial_capital
self.fee_rate = fee_rate
async def run(
self,
historical_data: list[MarketState],
start_date: datetime,
end_date: datetime
) -> BacktestResult:
"""Run backtest over historical data."""
portfolio_value = self.initial_capital
cash = self.initial_capital
positions = {}
equity_curve = [portfolio_value]
trades = []
for market_state in historical_data:
if market_state.timestamp < start_date:
continue
if market_state.timestamp > end_date:
break
signal = await self.strategy.analyze(market_state)
if signal and self.strategy.should_execute(signal):
trade_result = self._simulate_trade(
signal, cash, positions, market_state
)
if trade_result:
trades.append(trade_result)
cash = trade_result["remaining_cash"]
positions = trade_result["positions"]
# Update portfolio value
portfolio_value = cash + self._calculate_positions_value(
positions, market_state
)
equity_curve.append(portfolio_value)
return self._calculate_metrics(
trades, equity_curve, start_date, end_date
)
def _calculate_metrics(
self,
trades: list,
equity_curve: list,
start_date: datetime,
end_date: datetime
) -> BacktestResult:
"""Calculate performance metrics."""
returns = [
(equity_curve[i] - equity_curve[i-1]) / equity_curve[i-1]
for i in range(1, len(equity_curve))
if equity_curve[i-1] > 0
]
avg_return = sum(returns) / len(returns) if returns else 0
std_return = self._calculate_std(returns, avg_return) if returns else 0
sharpe = (avg_return * 252**0.5) / std_return if std_return > 0 else 0
# Max drawdown
peak = equity_curve[0]
max_dd = 0
for value in equity_curve:
peak = max(peak, value)
dd = (peak - value) / peak
max_dd = max(max_dd, dd)
winning_trades = [t for t in trades if t.get("pnl", 0) > 0]
return BacktestResult(
strategy_name=self.strategy.__class__.__name__,
start_date=start_date,
end_date=end_date,
initial_capital=self.initial_capital,
final_value=equity_curve[-1],
total_return=(equity_curve[-1] - self.initial_capital) / self.initial_capital,
sharpe_ratio=sharpe,
max_drawdown=max_dd,
win_rate=len(winning_trades) / len(trades) if trades else 0,
total_trades=len(trades),
trades=trades,
equity_curve=equity_curve
)
Risk Management
class RiskManager:
def __init__(self, config: dict):
self.max_position_pct = config.get("max_position_pct", 0.1)
self.max_drawdown_pct = config.get("max_drawdown_pct", 0.2)
self.daily_loss_limit = config.get("daily_loss_limit", 0.05)
self.max_correlation = config.get("max_correlation", 0.7)
def validate_signal(
self,
signal: Signal,
portfolio: dict
) -> tuple[bool, str]:
"""Validate signal against risk parameters."""
# Check position concentration
position_value = signal.price * signal.size
if position_value > portfolio["value"] * self.max_position_pct:
return False, f"Position too large: {position_value:.2f}"
# Check drawdown
current_drawdown = (
portfolio["peak_value"] - portfolio["value"]
) / portfolio["peak_value"]
if current_drawdown > self.max_drawdown_pct:
return False, f"Max drawdown exceeded: {current_drawdown:.2%}"
# Check daily loss limit
daily_pnl = portfolio.get("daily_pnl", 0)
if daily_pnl < -portfolio["value"] * self.daily_loss_limit:
return False, f"Daily loss limit exceeded: {daily_pnl:.2f}"
return True, "OK"
def calculate_kelly_size(
self,
win_prob: float,
win_amount: float,
loss_amount: float
) -> float:
"""Calculate Kelly criterion position size."""
if loss_amount == 0:
return 0
b = win_amount / loss_amount
p = win_prob
q = 1 - p
kelly = (b * p - q) / b
# Use half-Kelly for safety
return max(0, kelly * 0.5)
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