Web Animation Framer Motion

Motion Animation Patterns

Quick Guide: motion.* components take initial, animate, exit and transition props; variants lift those states into named sets a parent can orchestrate; AnimatePresence is what keeps a removed component mounted long enough to animate out; layout and layoutId run FLIP animations over layout changes; useScroll and useInView drive motion from scroll position. Animate x, y, scale, rotate and opacity, and set MotionConfig reducedMotion="user" at the root.

Import: import { motion } from "motion/react" — the package was renamed from framer-motion at v11.

Detailed Resources:

• examples/core.md — motion components, variants, AnimatePresence, gestures, reduced motion
• examples/layout.md — layout, layoutId, expandable cards, tab indicators
• examples/scroll.md — scroll progress, reveal on view, parallax
• examples/sequences.md — useAnimation chains, keyframe arrays, stagger() shaping
• examples/svg.md — pathLength drawing effects
• reference.md — v11/v12 migration, transition presets, prop and hook tables

Which path applies

• The element enters or leaves the React tree — the animation needs AnimatePresence around it and a key on it; follow examples/core.md.
• The element stays mounted while its size or position changes — layout measures before and after and animates the difference; follow examples/layout.md.
• The same element appears in two places at different times — a shared layoutId makes one travel into the other; follow examples/layout.md.
• Scroll position drives the value — useScroll with useTransform, or whileInView for a one-shot trigger; follow examples/scroll.md.
• Something outside React state triggers the animation — a timer, a response, an error — then useAnimation gives the imperative handle; follow examples/sequences.md.

Before writing Motion code

Wrap anything that animates on removal in AnimatePresence. React unmounts the node the instant its condition goes false, so exit has nothing left to run against without the wrapper holding the node in the tree until the animation finishes.

Give every direct child of AnimatePresence a stable, unique key. The key is what AnimatePresence matches the departing element against; an index key re-points to a different item when the list changes and animates the wrong element out.

Animate x, y, scale, rotate and opacity. Motion writes these to transform and opacity, which the compositor owns; height, width and marginTop re-run layout on each frame instead.

Set MotionConfig reducedMotion="user" at the app root. Transform and layout animations then disable themselves for users who asked their OS for reduced motion, while opacity and colour keep working — so state changes stay legible rather than becoming instant.

Auto-detection: motion/react, framer-motion, motion.div, AnimatePresence, MotionConfig, LayoutGroup, LazyMotion, layoutId, whileHover, whileTap, whileDrag, whileInView, useAnimation, useScroll, useTransform, useMotionValue, useSpring, useInView, usePageInView, useReducedMotion, useDragControls, staggerChildren, delayChildren, Variants

Applies to:

• Enter, exit and presence animation tied to React's mount lifecycle
• Orchestrating several elements from one parent with variants and stagger
• Gesture-driven motion — hover, tap, drag, focus
• Scroll-triggered and scroll-linked effects
• Layout changes and shared-element transitions between containers
• Imperative sequences fired by events React state does not model

Handled elsewhere:

• Purely declarative state feedback — a hover colour, a focus ring — where nothing mounts, unmounts or moves. The styling layer settles those without a component wrapper
• Frame-level timeline authoring, where the deliverable is a scrubbable timeline rather than a set of component states
• Whole-document view swaps where the browser composites an outgoing and incoming page together

Motion animates state rather than time. A component declares what it looks like in each state, and Motion works out the interpolation, the interruption and the velocity carried across it — which is why a spring interrupted mid-flight continues from where it was rather than restarting.

When Motion earns its place

Motion is worth the component wrapper and the bundle when at least one is true:

• The element is being removed from the tree and must animate before it goes
• The from value is measured rather than authored — a layout change, a drag release, an interrupted spring
• Several elements must be orchestrated from one trigger, with stagger and reverse-on-exit
• The animated value is derived from a continuous input such as scroll progress

None of those true means the motion is a state change with both ends known in advance, which needs no runtime.

Variants or direct props

Reach for variants once more than one element shares the animation, or once the parent needs to control child timing — staggerChildren and delayChildren only exist on the variant path, and children inherit the parent's variant name without being passed anything. A single element with two states is clearer with initial/animate written inline.

Core patterns

Pattern 1: Motion Components

Any HTML or SVG tag prefixed with motion. accepts initial, animate, exit and transition.

import { motion } from "motion/react";

export const FadeIn = ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => (
  <motion.div
    initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 20 }}
    animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
    transition={{ duration: 0.3 }}
  >
    {children}
  </motion.div>
);

y compiles to a transform; marginTop or top would relayout each frame.

Full code: examples/core.md

Pattern 2: Variants for Orchestration

Variants name animation states so a parent can drive its children by name and control their timing.

import { motion, type Variants } from "motion/react";

const containerVariants: Variants = {
  hidden: { opacity: 0 },
  visible: { opacity: 1, transition: { staggerChildren: 0.1 } },
};

const itemVariants: Variants = {
  hidden: { opacity: 0, y: 20 },
  visible: { opacity: 1, y: 0 },
};

Children inherit the parent's current variant name, so the item elements carry no animate prop of their own. staggerDirection: -1 reverses the cascade on exit, so a list unwinds from the bottom.

Full code: examples/core.md

Pattern 3: AnimatePresence

Keeps a removed component in the tree until its exit animation finishes.

import { AnimatePresence, motion } from "motion/react";

<AnimatePresence>
  {isOpen && (
    <motion.div
      key="modal"
      initial={{ opacity: 0, scale: 0.95 }}
      animate={{ opacity: 1, scale: 1 }}
      exit={{ opacity: 0, scale: 0.95 }}
    />
  )}
</AnimatePresence>

mode="sync" (default) overlaps the exit and the enter; mode="wait" holds the enter until the exit finishes, which is what page transitions want; mode="popLayout" takes the exiting element out of flow so the remaining siblings animate into place.

Full code: examples/core.md

Pattern 4: Gestures

whileHover, whileTap, whileFocus and whileDrag describe a state that holds for the duration of the gesture and unwinds when it ends.

<motion.button
  whileHover={{ scale: 1.05 }}
  whileTap={{ scale: 0.95 }}
  transition={{ type: "spring", stiffness: 400, damping: 17 }}
/>

Drag adds drag, dragConstraints (a ref or a pixel box), dragElastic for resistance past the bounds, and useDragControls when something other than the element itself starts the drag.

Full code: examples/core.md

Pattern 5: Layout Animations

layout measures the element before and after a React commit and animates the difference, so a change to flex order, grid placement or content size animates without any from-value being authored.

<motion.div layout transition={LAYOUT_SPRING}>
  <motion.h2 layout="position">Title</motion.h2>
</motion.div>

{activeTab === tab && <motion.div layoutId="indicator" />}

layout="position" animates a child's position but not its scale, which is what keeps text from stretching while the parent resizes. layoutId matches two elements that are never mounted at once and animates one into the other; the id is global, so LayoutGroup id={...} scopes it when the component can appear more than once on a page.

Full code: examples/layout.md

Pattern 6: Scroll-Driven Motion

whileInView fires once on entry; useScroll with useTransform maps continuous scroll progress onto a value.

<motion.div
  initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 50 }}
  whileInView={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
  viewport={{ once: true, margin: "-100px" }}
/>;

const { scrollYProgress } = useScroll({
  target: ref,
  offset: ["start end", "end start"],
});
const y = useTransform(scrollYProgress, [0, 1], [-100, 100]);

The value returned by useScroll is a motion value, which updates outside React — no re-render runs per scroll frame.

Full code: examples/scroll.md

Pattern 7: Spring and Tween Transitions

// Springs: physics, no fixed duration, survive interruption
const BOUNCY = { type: "spring", stiffness: 300, damping: 10 };
const SNAPPY = { type: "spring", stiffness: 500, damping: 30 };

// Tweens: fixed duration and curve
const ENTER = { type: "tween", ease: "easeOut", duration: 0.3 };
const EXIT = { type: "tween", ease: "easeIn", duration: 0.2 };

Springs suit anything a user can interrupt — buttons, cards, drags — because velocity carries across the interruption. Tweens suit motion that has to finish in a known time, such as a modal or a page change coordinated with something else.

Presets: reference.md

Pattern 8: Imperative Control with useAnimation

For animations triggered by something React state does not represent — a timer, a response, an error.

const controls = useAnimation();

useEffect(() => {
  if (hasError) {
    controls.start({ x: [0, -10, 10, -10, 0], transition: { duration: 0.3 } });
  }
}, [hasError, controls]);

<motion.div animate={controls}>{children}</motion.div>;

Passing an array to controls.start runs the steps in sequence, each awaiting the last.

Full code: examples/sequences.md

Pattern 9: Reduced Motion

// Whole app
<MotionConfig reducedMotion="user">{children}</MotionConfig>

// One component, where the reduced form is different rather than absent
const shouldReduceMotion = useReducedMotion();
<motion.div
  initial={{ opacity: 0, y: shouldReduceMotion ? 0 : 50 }}
  animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
  transition={{ duration: shouldReduceMotion ? 0.2 : 0.5 }}
/>

reducedMotion="user" disables transform and layout animation while leaving opacity and colour alone, so the app still shows that something changed. Reach for useReducedMotion when the reduced form needs its own values rather than the transform simply being dropped.

Full code: examples/core.md

Pattern 10: Stagger Shaping and Tab Visibility

stagger() (v12+) goes on delayChildren, not staggerChildren — it returns a function that computes each child's delay, which is what lets the cascade start from the centre or run to an easing curve.

import { stagger, usePageInView } from "motion/react";

const transition = {
  delayChildren: stagger(0.05, { from: "center", ease: "easeOut" }),
};
// from: "first" (default) | "center" | "last" | an index

const isPageVisible = usePageInView(); // v12.19+, true on the server

usePageInView reports tab visibility, which is what a looping animation should be gated on so it stops burning frames in a background tab.

Full code: examples/sequences.md

Red flags

Breaks at runtime:

• exit on a component with no AnimatePresence above it — React removes the node first and the prop never runs — wrap the conditional
• A React Fragment as the direct child of AnimatePresence — fragments take no key, so nothing is tracked and every exit is skipped — give each element its own keyed conditional
• key={index} on animated list children — the key re-points to a different item on insert or sort, and the wrong element animates out — key by a stable id
• Animating height, width, top, left, margin or padding — relayouts each frame — animate scale and x/y, with transformOrigin set where the growth should start
• A parent with layout whose text children lack layout="position" — the children scale with the box and the type visibly stretches — add the prop to each child
• No reduced-motion handling — full-travel motion reaches users who asked their OS for none — set MotionConfig reducedMotion="user" at the root

Surprising behaviour:

• layoutId is global, so two instances of the same component on one page fight over it — scope them with LayoutGroup id={...}
• mode="wait" serialises exit and enter, so the perceived delay is the sum of both durations
• whileInView is configured by viewport, while useScroll is configured by offset — the two prop names are not interchangeable
• Only motion.path, motion.circle and their siblings animate; a plain <path> inside a motion.svg is inert
• useInView returns false during server rendering, so the server markup is the hidden state unless the initial state is set to visible
• Motion values deliberately do not re-render — read them through useMotionValueEvent when a side effect has to run
• drag and layout on one element contest the same transform; disable layout during the drag
• A spring with high stiffness and low damping overshoots far enough to clip real content, which a short placeholder string will not reveal
• willChange set by hand competes with Motion's own layer management, which already promotes what it is animating