Algorand Python

Algorand Python

Write, test, deploy, and troubleshoot Algorand Python smart contracts.

Quick Start

# Create Python project
algokit init -n my-project -t python --answer preset_name production --defaults

# Development cycle
cd my-project
algokit project run build    # Compile contracts with PuyaPy
algokit project run test     # Run pytest tests
algokit localnet start       # Start local network
algokit project deploy localnet  # Deploy

Critical Rules

• Understand AVM constraints first — see algorand-core skill for the foundational mental model
• NEVER use PyTEAL or Beaker — use Algorand Python (PuyaPy) with algopy imports
• Use @arc4.abimethod for public ABI methods, @arc4.baremethod for bare calls
• Always search docs first — use Kapa MCP or web search before writing contract code
• Always include tests — use pytest with AlgoKit Utils
• Fund app account before box operations — box storage requires MBR funding
• Always .copy() mutable values — call .copy() when appending to or storing mutable types: ARC-4 (arc4.Struct, arc4.DynamicArray) and native (algopy.Array, algopy.FixedArray, algopy.Struct)

Reference Guide

Read the specific reference file for your task. Each file is self-contained.

Contract Syntax

• syntax-types.md — AVM types (arc4.UInt64, arc4.String, Bytes, UInt64), ARC-4 encoding, native vs ARC-4 conversions
• syntax-storage.md — GlobalState, LocalState, Box, BoxMap, BoxRef, MBR funding patterns
• syntax-methods.md — @arc4.abimethod, @arc4.baremethod, @subroutine, lifecycle methods, visibility, ARC4Contract vs Contract
• syntax-transactions.md — Inner transactions (itxn), group transactions, fee pooling

Testing

• testing.md — Pytest patterns, AlgorandClient setup, typed client testing, box funding, multi-user tests

Deployment and Client Interaction

• deploy-interaction.md — CLI commands, typed client factory, method calls, state reading, AlgorandClient API, accounts, transactions, groups, amount helpers

Troubleshooting

• errors.md — Contract errors (assert, opcode budget, box MBR, inner txn) + transaction errors (overspend, asset not opted in, account not found)

Canonical Example Repos

Search these repositories for real-world code examples:

• algorandfoundation/devportal-code-examples — Primary examples in projects/python-examples/smart_contracts/ (HelloWorld, BoxStorage, etc.)
• algorandfoundation/puya — Compiler examples in examples/ (hello_world_arc4, voting, amm)
• algorandfoundation/algokit-python-template — AlgoKit project template
• algorandfoundation/algokit-utils-py — AlgoKit Utils Python SDK

Cross-References

• New to Algorand? Read algorand-core skill first for AVM mental model
• Project scaffolding and CLI: See algorand-project-setup skill
• React frontends: See algorand-frontend skill