Tair DevToolset — Full-Lifecycle Tair Development Assistant
This Skill provides operational capabilities and development guidelines for Alibaba Cloud Tair (Redis OSS-Compatible) database, covering architecture selection, data structure design, instance creation, connection management, performance monitoring, error troubleshooting, and backup & recovery.
Note: This Skill executes real cloud operations via aliyun CLI. Restore operations are high-risk and will overwrite current data. Ensure the RAM account has the required permissions before use.
Supported Capabilities
| Capability |
Description |
| Architecture Selection |
Choose the right Tair architecture (Standard vs Cluster) and edition (Memory-optimized, Persistent memory, Disk-based) |
| Data Structure Design |
Select optimal Redis and Tair extended data structures for your use case |
| Instance Creation |
Create and configure Tair instances via aliyun CLI |
| Connection Management |
Connect via standalone/proxy/cluster modes with TLS support |
| Performance Monitoring |
Intelligent diagnostics via alibabacloud-tair-ai-assistant skill |
| Error Troubleshooting |
Diagnose and resolve common Tair connection, cluster, memory, and client errors |
| Backup and Recovery |
Configure backup policies, perform PITR, and restore data |
Part I — Cross-Cutting Concerns
1. Prerequisites
1.1 CLI Installation & Version
Aliyun CLI >= 3.3.3 required. Run aliyun version to verify. If not installed or version too low, see references/cli-installation-guide.md for installation instructions.
# Enable automatic plugin installation (required for r-kvstore plugin)
aliyun configure set --auto-plugin-install true
# Update existing plugins to latest version
aliyun plugin update
# Verify jq is installed (required for JSON parsing in scripts)
jq --version
1.2 Authentication
All credential configurations follow existing aliyun CLI settings.
Security Rules:
- NEVER read, echo, or print AK/SK values (e.g.,
echo $ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID is FORBIDDEN)
- NEVER ask the user to input AK/SK directly in the conversation or command line
- NEVER use
aliyun configure set with literal credential values
- ONLY use
aliyun configure list to check credential status
aliyun configure list
If no valid profile exists, STOP here. Configure credentials outside of this session, then return.
1.3 AI-Mode Configuration
[MUST] Enable AI-Mode at the start of any workflow (before any CLI invocation):
aliyun configure ai-mode enable
aliyun configure ai-mode set-user-agent --user-agent "AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset"
[MUST] Disable AI-Mode at EVERY exit point — before delivering the final response for ANY reason (success, failure, error, user cancellation, etc.). AI-mode MUST NOT remain enabled after the skill stops running.
aliyun configure ai-mode disable
2. Security & Compliance
2.1 User-Agent Requirement
Every aliyun CLI command invocation must include:
--user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
2.2 RAM Permissions
This Skill requires R-KVStore RAM permissions for instance management, backup, and recovery operations. See references/ram-policies.md for the full permission table and policy document.
[MUST] Permission Failure Handling: When any command fails due to permission errors:
- Read
references/ram-policies.md to get the full list of required permissions
- Use
ram-permission-diagnose skill to guide the user through requesting permissions
- Pause and wait until the user confirms that the required permissions have been granted
3. Parameter Confirmation Rule
Before executing any command or API call, ALL user-customizable parameters (e.g., RegionId, instance names, passwords, resource specifications) MUST be confirmed with the user. Do NOT assume or use default values without explicit user approval.
Part II — Capabilities
4. Architecture Selection
Choose the right Tair architecture based on data volume, throughput requirements, and read/write ratio.
When to Use
- Deciding between Standard and Cluster architecture
- Determining whether read/write splitting is needed
- Selecting edition type (Memory-optimized, Persistent memory, Disk-based)
- Evaluating Tair vs Open Source Redis for a new project
Key Guidance
Key Concepts:
| Component |
Description |
| Node |
Smallest unit, runs Redis-compatible process |
| Shard |
Group of nodes storing a subset of data |
| Master node |
Handles write operations |
| Replica node |
Copy of master, provides failover |
| Read-only node |
Serves read traffic only (read/write splitting) |
| Proxy node |
Routes requests to appropriate nodes |
Architecture Comparison:
| Dimension |
Standard |
Cluster |
| Structure |
One master + replicas |
Multiple shards, each with master + replicas |
| Data partitioning |
No (single shard) |
Yes (distributed across shards) |
| Best for |
Small data, stable QPS |
Large data, high QPS, throughput-intensive |
| Read/write splitting |
Supported |
Supported |
Selection Decision Tree:
Data volume > single-node capacity?
├── Yes → Cluster architecture
│ └── Read-heavy? → Enable read/write splitting
└── No → Standard architecture
└── Read-heavy? → Enable read/write splitting
References
- references/architecture-selection/arch-selection.md — Architecture selection decision guide
- references/architecture-selection/arch-compare-oss-redis.md — Tair vs Open Source Redis comparison and edition selection
5. Data Structure Design
Choose the appropriate data structure based on your access patterns and business requirements.
When to Use
- Selecting data structures for a new feature or application
- Choosing between Redis native and Tair extended data structures
- Migrating data models and evaluating structure alternatives
Key Guidance
Redis Data Structures:
| Name |
Use Case |
| String |
Caching, counters, distributed locks, session storage, rate limiting |
| Hash |
Object storage (user profiles, product info), grouped field-value pairs |
| List |
Message queues, latest feeds, task queues, stack/queue operations |
| Set |
Unique collections, tagging, social graph (followers/friends), set operations |
| Sorted Set |
Leaderboards, ranking systems, priority queues, range queries by score |
| Stream |
Event sourcing, log streaming, message queues with consumer groups |
| Bitmap |
Feature flags, online status tracking, daily active user counting |
| Bitfield |
Compact counters, fixed-width integer encoding, atomic increment |
| Geospatial |
Location-based services, nearby search, geofencing |
| HyperLogLog |
Unique visitor counting, cardinality estimation with minimal memory |
Tair Data Structures:
| Name |
Use Case |
| exString / TairString (String enhancement) |
Versioned strings, bounded INCRBY, CAS/CAD for distributed locks |
| exHash / TairHash (Hash enhancement) |
Field-level TTL, field versioning, multi-device login management |
| exZset / TairZset (Zset enhancement) |
Multi-dimensional scoring (256 dims), multi-criteria ranking |
| GIS / TairGis (Geospatial enhancement) |
Point/line/polygon queries, spatial relationship checks |
| Doc / TairDoc (JSON) |
JSON with binary tree indexing, fast sub-element access |
| Search / TairSearch |
ES-like full-text search, multi-column index, tokenization |
| TS / TairTs (TimeSeries) |
Real-time monitoring, IoT data, two-level timeline aggregation |
| Bloom / TairBloom |
Probabilistic membership testing, deduplication, URL filtering |
| Cpc / TairCpc |
Compressed cardinality estimation, streaming analytics |
| Roaring / TairRoaring (Bitmap enhancement) |
User segmentation, audience targeting, multi-bitmap operations |
| Vector / TairVector |
Vector similarity search, LLM Chatbot, multimodal retrieval |
References
6. Instance Creation
Create and configure Tair instances on Alibaba Cloud, including whitelist configuration and public endpoint allocation.
When to Use
- Creating a new Tair instance for testing, development, or production
- Configuring network access (whitelist, public endpoint) for an instance
- Setting up a Tair benchmark or PoC environment
6.1 Choosing Instance Specifications
Required Parameters:
| Parameter |
Description |
Example |
| VPC_ID |
VPC ID |
vpc-bp1xxx |
| VSWITCH_ID |
VSwitch ID |
vsw-bp1xxx |
Optional Parameters (with defaults):
| Parameter |
Default |
Description |
| REGION_ID |
cn-hangzhou |
Region ID |
| ZONE_ID |
cn-hangzhou-h |
Zone ID |
| INSTANCE_TYPE |
tair_rdb |
Instance series: tair_rdb (DRAM), tair_scm (Persistent memory), tair_essd (ESSD disk) |
| INSTANCE_CLASS |
tair.rdb.1g |
Instance specification (see table below) |
| INSTANCE_NAME |
tair-benchmark-<timestamp> |
Instance name |
| CHARGE_TYPE |
PostPaid |
Billing method: PostPaid (pay-as-you-go), PrePaid (subscription) |
Common Specifications (Standard Architecture):
| InstanceClass |
Memory |
Bandwidth |
Max Connections |
QPS Reference |
| tair.rdb.1g |
1 GB |
768 Mbps |
30,000 |
300,000 |
| tair.rdb.2g |
2 GB |
768 Mbps |
30,000 |
300,000 |
| tair.rdb.4g |
4 GB |
768 Mbps |
40,000 |
300,000 |
| tair.rdb.8g |
8 GB |
768 Mbps |
40,000 |
300,000 |
| tair.rdb.16g |
16 GB |
768 Mbps |
40,000 |
300,000 |
| tair.rdb.24g |
24 GB |
768 Mbps |
50,000 |
300,000 |
| tair.rdb.32g |
32 GB |
768 Mbps |
50,000 |
300,000 |
| tair.rdb.64g |
64 GB |
768 Mbps |
50,000 |
300,000 |
6.2 Automated Workflow (Script)
For quick end-to-end instance creation with public network access, use the all-in-one script:
Execution Constraints:
- MUST use
scripts/create-and-connect-test.sh for this workflow — do NOT bypass the script to directly call individual aliyun r-kvstore commands
- DO NOT write or concatenate aliyun CLI commands to replace script functionality
- Model's responsibility: collect parameters → set environment variables → run script
export VPC_ID="<user-confirmed VPC_ID>"
export VSWITCH_ID="<user-confirmed VSWITCH_ID>"
# Optional parameters
export REGION_ID="cn-hangzhou"
export ZONE_ID="cn-hangzhou-h"
export INSTANCE_TYPE="tair_rdb"
export INSTANCE_CLASS="tair.rdb.1g"
# For NAT environment, manually set public IP
# export MY_PUBLIC_IP="your-public-ip"
bash scripts/create-and-connect-test.sh
The script will automatically complete: Create instance → Wait for ready → Configure whitelist → Allocate public endpoint → Get public connection info.
6.3 Manual CLI Steps
For custom requirements (PrePaid subscription, no public endpoint, custom security groups, etc.), use manual CLI steps:
Step 1 — Create instance:
aliyun r-kvstore create-tair-instance \
--biz-region-id "$REGION_ID" --zone-id "$ZONE_ID" \
--vpc-id "$VPC_ID" --vswitch-id "$VSWITCH_ID" \
--instance-type "$INSTANCE_TYPE" --instance-class "$INSTANCE_CLASS" \
--password "$PASSWORD" --charge-type "$CHARGE_TYPE" \
--shard-type "MASTER_SLAVE" \
--user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
Step 2 — Wait for instance ready (poll until InstanceStatus is Normal):
aliyun r-kvstore describe-instance-attribute \
--instance-id "$INSTANCE_ID" \
--user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
Step 3 — Configure whitelist:
aliyun r-kvstore modify-security-ips \
--instance-id "$INSTANCE_ID" --security-ips "$MY_PUBLIC_IP" \
--security-ip-group-name "default" \
--user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
Step 4 — Allocate public endpoint:
aliyun r-kvstore allocate-instance-public-connection \
--instance-id "$INSTANCE_ID" \
--connection-string-prefix "${INSTANCE_ID}pub" --port "6379" \
--user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
6.4 Success Verification
aliyun r-kvstore describe-instance-attribute \
--instance-id "$INSTANCE_ID" \
--user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
Confirm InstanceStatus is Normal and public endpoint is allocated. For the full 3-step verification (instance status, whitelist, public endpoint), see references/verification-method.md.
References
- references/instance-creation/connect-create-instance.md — End-to-end instance creation and connection guide with redis-cli examples
- references/related-commands.md — Complete CLI command and parameter reference
- references/verification-method.md — Detailed success verification steps
- references/acceptance-criteria.md — CLI command correctness standards
7. Connection Management
Connect to Tair instances using various Redis-compatible clients in standalone, proxy, cluster, or TLS modes.
When to Use
- Connecting to a Tair instance from application code
- Choosing the right client library and connection mode
- Configuring TLS/SSL encryption for secure connections
- Troubleshooting connection issues
Key Guidance
Connection Modes:
| Mode |
Architecture |
Description |
| Standalone/Proxy |
Standard or Cluster (proxy mode) |
Connect via proxy node; supports all Redis commands including cross-slot multi-key |
| Cluster Direct |
Cluster (direct mode) |
Connect directly to data nodes; requires cluster-aware client; cross-slot multi-key commands not supported |
| TLS |
Any (overlay) |
Encrypt connections with TLS/SSL; supports both Proxy and Direct modes |
Authentication Format:
- Default account: password only
- Custom account:
<user>:<password>
- redis-cli: use
REDISCLI_AUTH environment variable — export REDISCLI_AUTH='InstanceID:Password'
Supported Clients: Jedis, Lettuce, Redisson (Java); redis-py (Python); Predis, phpredis (PHP); StackExchange.Redis (.NET); go-redis (Go); node-redis (Node.js); Spring Data Redis
References
- references/connection-management/connect-standalone-or-proxy.md — Standalone/proxy connection examples in Java, Python, PHP, .NET, Go, Spring Data Redis
- references/connection-management/connect-cluster.md — Cluster connection examples (JedisCluster, RedisCluster, LettuceCluster, go-redis cluster, redis-cli)
- references/connection-management/connect-with-tls.md — TLS/SSL connection examples for all client types (Proxy + Direct)
8. Performance Monitoring
Intelligent performance monitoring and diagnostics via the Tair AI Assistant (DAS API).
When to Use
- Diagnosing slow queries or performance degradation
- Analyzing memory usage and identifying big keys / hotspot keys
- Tuning instance parameters and connection settings
- Monitoring instance health and resource utilization
Key Guidance
For intelligent diagnostics, install and use the alibabacloud-tair-ai-assistant skill:
npx skills add aliyun/alibabacloud-aiops-skills --skill alibabacloud-tair-ai-assistant --agent <your-agent-platform>
The AI Assistant provides natural language based diagnostics covering: instance management, performance analysis, slow queries, memory analysis, big key / hotspot key detection, parameter tuning, and connection troubleshooting.
References
9. Error Troubleshooting
Diagnose and resolve common Tair errors across authentication, connection, cluster, memory, proxy, Lua/transactions, and client-specific issues.
When to Use
- Encountering authentication or connection errors
- Resolving cluster-related errors (cross-slot, moved, read-only)
- Handling memory exhaustion or command errors
- Debugging client-specific issues (Jedis, Lettuce, Redisson, go-redis, etc.)
Key Guidance
Common Error Categories:
| Category |
Example Errors |
Typical Cause |
| Authentication |
NOAUTH Authentication required, WRONGPASS |
Password not provided, incorrect password, or Lettuce CLIENT SETINFO bug |
| Connection |
ERR illegal address, max number of clients reached |
Client IP not in whitelist, connection pool leak, DNS failure |
| Cluster |
CROSSSLOT Keys in request don't hash to the same slot, MOVED |
Multi-key command across slots, key moved to another node |
| Memory/Command |
OOM command not allowed, WRONGTYPE, ERR unknown command |
Memory exceeded, wrong data type, command not supported |
| Proxy Mode |
client ip is not in whitelist, redis temporary failure |
Proxy whitelist, sub-instance timeout, request queue overflow |
| Lua/Transaction |
BUSY Redis is busy running a script, NOSCRIPT |
Long-running Lua script, script SHA not in cache |
| Client-specific |
Jedis Could not get a resource from the pool, Lettuce NOAUTH with correct password, go-redis cluster format panic |
Pool exhaustion, version incompatibility, RESP2/RESP3 mismatch |
References
- references/error-troubleshooting/errors-troubleshooting.md — Complete error tables with causes and solutions for all error categories and client libraries
- Common errors and troubleshooting
10. Backup and Recovery
Configure backup policies, create manual backups, restore data from backups, and perform point-in-time recovery (PITR).
When to Use
- Configuring automatic backup policies
- Creating a manual backup before high-risk operations
- Restoring data from a backup set
- Performing point-in-time recovery (PITR) or key-filtered recovery
Key Guidance
Persistence Policies:
| Policy |
Mechanism |
Key Feature |
| RDB |
Periodic snapshots |
Small files, non-blocking backup |
| AOF |
Logs all write operations |
Fsync every second by default, AOF rewrite reduces disk usage |
| Tair-Binlog |
Incremental AOF archiving (Enterprise DRAM only) |
Prevents AOF rewrite degradation, enables PITR accurate to the second |
Key CLI Operations:
modify-backup-policy — Modify automatic backup schedule
create-backup — Create a manual backup
describe-backups — Query available backup sets
restore-instance — Restore from backup set or point-in-time
- Full backup:
--backup-id "$BACKUP_ID"
- PITR:
--restore-type 1 --restore-time "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"
- Key-filtered PITR: add
--filter-key "session:*,user:*"
⚠️ HIGH-RISK OPERATION — restore-instance overwrites current data and cannot be undone.
Before executing any restore:
- Verify current write traffic — Check if the instance has active writes; notify the user if so
- Create a latest backup — Run
create-backup to preserve current data as a rollback point
- Confirm with the user — Explicitly inform that data will be overwritten and obtain confirmation
References
References Index
| Reference |
Description |
Scope |
| references/cli-installation-guide.md |
Aliyun CLI installation and configuration guide |
Cross-cutting |
| references/ram-policies.md |
RAM permission policy document |
Cross-cutting |
| references/acceptance-criteria.md |
CLI command correctness standards |
Cross-cutting (QA) |
| references/related-commands.md |
Complete CLI command and parameter reference |
Instance Creation |
| references/verification-method.md |
Success verification steps |
Instance Creation |
| references/architecture-selection/arch-selection.md |
Architecture selection decision guide |
Architecture Selection |
| references/architecture-selection/arch-compare-oss-redis.md |
Tair vs Open Source Redis comparison |
Architecture Selection |
| references/data-structure-design/data-structure-design.md |
Detailed data structure use cases |
Data Structure Design |
| references/instance-creation/connect-create-instance.md |
End-to-end instance creation and connection guide |
Instance Creation |
| references/connection-management/connect-standalone-or-proxy.md |
Standalone/proxy connection examples |
Connection Management |
| references/connection-management/connect-cluster.md |
Cluster connection examples |
Connection Management |
| references/connection-management/connect-with-tls.md |
TLS connection examples (Proxy + Direct) |
Connection Management |
| references/performance-monitoring/perf-monitoring.md |
Performance monitoring and diagnostics |
Performance Monitoring |
| references/error-troubleshooting/errors-troubleshooting.md |
Complete error tables with causes and solutions |
Error Troubleshooting |
| references/backup-and-recovery/backup-recovery.md |
Backup and recovery strategies with CLI examples |
Backup and Recovery |
1---2name: alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset3description: Alibaba Cloud Tair development toolkit — 7 capabilities covering architecture selection, data structure design, instance creation & configuration, connection management, performance monitoring, error troubleshooting, and backup & recovery. Executes real cloud operations via aliyun CLI (creating instances, modifying whitelists, managing backups, restoring data). Restore operations are high-risk and will overwrite current data. Ensure the RAM account has required permissions (see references/ram-policies.md). Triggers: "tair", "create tair instance", "tair instance", "redis", "data structure", "backup", "PITR", "tair architecture", "tair connection", "tair error".4---5
6# Tair DevToolset — Full-Lifecycle Tair Development Assistant
7
8This Skill provides operational capabilities and development guidelines for **Alibaba Cloud Tair (Redis OSS-Compatible)** database, covering architecture selection, data structure design, instance creation, connection management, performance monitoring, error troubleshooting, and backup & recovery.
9
10> **Note:** This Skill executes real cloud operations via aliyun CLI. Restore operations are high-risk and will overwrite current data. Ensure the RAM account has the [required permissions](references/ram-policies.md) before use.
11
12### Supported Capabilities
13
14| Capability | Description |
15|------------|-------------|
16| Architecture Selection | Choose the right Tair architecture (Standard vs Cluster) and edition (Memory-optimized, Persistent memory, Disk-based) |
17| Data Structure Design | Select optimal Redis and Tair extended data structures for your use case |
18| Instance Creation | Create and configure Tair instances via aliyun CLI |
19| Connection Management | Connect via standalone/proxy/cluster modes with TLS support |
20| Performance Monitoring | Intelligent diagnostics via alibabacloud-tair-ai-assistant skill |
21| Error Troubleshooting | Diagnose and resolve common Tair connection, cluster, memory, and client errors |
22| Backup and Recovery | Configure backup policies, perform PITR, and restore data |
23
24---
25
26# Part I — Cross-Cutting Concerns
27
28## 1. Prerequisites
29
30### 1.1 CLI Installation & Version
31
32**Aliyun CLI >= 3.3.3 required.** Run `aliyun version` to verify. If not installed or version too low, see [references/cli-installation-guide.md](references/cli-installation-guide.md) for installation instructions.
33
34```bash
35# Enable automatic plugin installation (required for r-kvstore plugin)
36aliyun configure set --auto-plugin-install true
37
38# Update existing plugins to latest version
39aliyun plugin update
40
41# Verify jq is installed (required for JSON parsing in scripts)
42jq --version
43```
44
45### 1.2 Authentication
46
47All credential configurations follow existing aliyun CLI settings.
48
49**Security Rules:**
50- **NEVER** read, echo, or print AK/SK values (e.g., `echo $ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID` is FORBIDDEN)
51- **NEVER** ask the user to input AK/SK directly in the conversation or command line
52- **NEVER** use `aliyun configure set` with literal credential values
53- **ONLY** use `aliyun configure list` to check credential status
54
55```bash
56aliyun configure list
57```
58
59**If no valid profile exists, STOP here.** Configure credentials outside of this session, then return.
60
61### 1.3 AI-Mode Configuration
62
63> **[MUST] Enable AI-Mode at the start** of any workflow (before any CLI invocation):
64> ```bash
65> aliyun configure ai-mode enable
66> aliyun configure ai-mode set-user-agent --user-agent "AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset"
67> ```
68
69> **[MUST] Disable AI-Mode at EVERY exit point** — before delivering the final response for ANY reason (success, failure, error, user cancellation, etc.). AI-mode MUST NOT remain enabled after the skill stops running.
70> ```bash
71> aliyun configure ai-mode disable
72> ```
73
74## 2. Security & Compliance
75
76### 2.1 User-Agent Requirement
77
78Every `aliyun` CLI command invocation must include:
79```
80--user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
81```
82
83### 2.2 RAM Permissions
84
85This Skill requires R-KVStore RAM permissions for instance management, backup, and recovery operations. See [references/ram-policies.md](references/ram-policies.md) for the full permission table and policy document.
86
87> **[MUST] Permission Failure Handling:** When any command fails due to permission errors:
88> 1. Read `references/ram-policies.md` to get the full list of required permissions
89> 2. Use `ram-permission-diagnose` skill to guide the user through requesting permissions
90> 3. Pause and wait until the user confirms that the required permissions have been granted
91
92## 3. Parameter Confirmation Rule
93
94Before executing any command or API call, ALL user-customizable parameters (e.g., RegionId, instance names, passwords, resource specifications) **MUST be confirmed with the user**. Do NOT assume or use default values without explicit user approval.
95
96---
97
98# Part II — Capabilities
99
100## 4. Architecture Selection
101
102Choose the right Tair architecture based on data volume, throughput requirements, and read/write ratio.
103
104### When to Use
105
106- Deciding between Standard and Cluster architecture
107- Determining whether read/write splitting is needed
108- Selecting edition type (Memory-optimized, Persistent memory, Disk-based)
109- Evaluating Tair vs Open Source Redis for a new project
110
111### Key Guidance
112
113**Key Concepts:**
114
115| Component | Description |
116|-----------|-------------|
117| Node | Smallest unit, runs Redis-compatible process |
118| Shard | Group of nodes storing a subset of data |
119| Master node | Handles write operations |
120| Replica node | Copy of master, provides failover |
121| Read-only node | Serves read traffic only (read/write splitting) |
122| Proxy node | Routes requests to appropriate nodes |
123
124**Architecture Comparison:**
125
126| Dimension | Standard | Cluster |
127|-----------|----------|---------|
128| Structure | One master + replicas | Multiple shards, each with master + replicas |
129| Data partitioning | No (single shard) | Yes (distributed across shards) |
130| Best for | Small data, stable QPS | Large data, high QPS, throughput-intensive |
131| Read/write splitting | Supported | Supported |
132
133**Selection Decision Tree:**
134
135```
136Data volume > single-node capacity?
137├── Yes → Cluster architecture
138│ └── Read-heavy? → Enable read/write splitting
139└── No → Standard architecture
140 └── Read-heavy? → Enable read/write splitting
141```
142
143### References
144
145- [references/architecture-selection/arch-selection.md](references/architecture-selection/arch-selection.md) — Architecture selection decision guide
146- [references/architecture-selection/arch-compare-oss-redis.md](references/architecture-selection/arch-compare-oss-redis.md) — Tair vs Open Source Redis comparison and edition selection
147
148---
149
150## 5. Data Structure Design
151
152Choose the appropriate data structure based on your access patterns and business requirements.
153
154### When to Use
155
156- Selecting data structures for a new feature or application
157- Choosing between Redis native and Tair extended data structures
158- Migrating data models and evaluating structure alternatives
159
160### Key Guidance
161
162**Redis Data Structures:**
163
164| Name | Use Case |
165|------|----------|
166| String | Caching, counters, distributed locks, session storage, rate limiting |
167| Hash | Object storage (user profiles, product info), grouped field-value pairs |
168| List | Message queues, latest feeds, task queues, stack/queue operations |
169| Set | Unique collections, tagging, social graph (followers/friends), set operations |
170| Sorted Set | Leaderboards, ranking systems, priority queues, range queries by score |
171| Stream | Event sourcing, log streaming, message queues with consumer groups |
172| Bitmap | Feature flags, online status tracking, daily active user counting |
173| Bitfield | Compact counters, fixed-width integer encoding, atomic increment |
174| Geospatial | Location-based services, nearby search, geofencing |
175| HyperLogLog | Unique visitor counting, cardinality estimation with minimal memory |
176
177**Tair Data Structures:**
178
179| Name | Use Case |
180|------|----------|
181| exString / TairString (String enhancement) | Versioned strings, bounded INCRBY, CAS/CAD for distributed locks |
182| exHash / TairHash (Hash enhancement) | Field-level TTL, field versioning, multi-device login management |
183| exZset / TairZset (Zset enhancement) | Multi-dimensional scoring (256 dims), multi-criteria ranking |
184| GIS / TairGis (Geospatial enhancement) | Point/line/polygon queries, spatial relationship checks |
185| Doc / TairDoc (JSON) | JSON with binary tree indexing, fast sub-element access |
186| Search / TairSearch | ES-like full-text search, multi-column index, tokenization |
187| TS / TairTs (TimeSeries) | Real-time monitoring, IoT data, two-level timeline aggregation |
188| Bloom / TairBloom | Probabilistic membership testing, deduplication, URL filtering |
189| Cpc / TairCpc | Compressed cardinality estimation, streaming analytics |
190| Roaring / TairRoaring (Bitmap enhancement) | User segmentation, audience targeting, multi-bitmap operations |
191| Vector / TairVector | Vector similarity search, LLM Chatbot, multimodal retrieval |
192
193### References
194
195- [references/data-structure-design/data-structure-design.md](references/data-structure-design/data-structure-design.md) — Detailed data structure use case descriptions
196- [Redis Data Types](https://redis.io/docs/latest/develop/data-types/)
197- [Tair Extended Data Structures](https://help.aliyun.com/zh/redis/developer-reference/extended-data-structures-of-apsaradb-for-redis-enhanced-edition)
198
199---
200
201## 6. Instance Creation
202
203Create and configure Tair instances on Alibaba Cloud, including whitelist configuration and public endpoint allocation.
204
205### When to Use
206
207- Creating a new Tair instance for testing, development, or production
208- Configuring network access (whitelist, public endpoint) for an instance
209- Setting up a Tair benchmark or PoC environment
210
211### 6.1 Choosing Instance Specifications
212
213**Required Parameters:**
214
215| Parameter | Description | Example |
216|-----------|-------------|---------|
217| VPC_ID | VPC ID | `vpc-bp1xxx` |
218| VSWITCH_ID | VSwitch ID | `vsw-bp1xxx` |
219
220**Optional Parameters (with defaults):**
221
222| Parameter | Default | Description |
223|-----------|---------|-------------|
224| REGION_ID | `cn-hangzhou` | Region ID |
225| ZONE_ID | `cn-hangzhou-h` | Zone ID |
226| INSTANCE_TYPE | `tair_rdb` | Instance series: `tair_rdb` (DRAM), `tair_scm` (Persistent memory), `tair_essd` (ESSD disk) |
227| INSTANCE_CLASS | `tair.rdb.1g` | Instance specification (see table below) |
228| INSTANCE_NAME | `tair-benchmark-<timestamp>` | Instance name |
229| CHARGE_TYPE | `PostPaid` | Billing method: `PostPaid` (pay-as-you-go), `PrePaid` (subscription) |
230
231**Common Specifications (Standard Architecture):**
232
233| InstanceClass | Memory | Bandwidth | Max Connections | QPS Reference |
234|---------------|--------|-----------|-----------------|---------------|
235| tair.rdb.1g | 1 GB | 768 Mbps | 30,000 | 300,000 |
236| tair.rdb.2g | 2 GB | 768 Mbps | 30,000 | 300,000 |
237| tair.rdb.4g | 4 GB | 768 Mbps | 40,000 | 300,000 |
238| tair.rdb.8g | 8 GB | 768 Mbps | 40,000 | 300,000 |
239| tair.rdb.16g | 16 GB | 768 Mbps | 40,000 | 300,000 |
240| tair.rdb.24g | 24 GB | 768 Mbps | 50,000 | 300,000 |
241| tair.rdb.32g | 32 GB | 768 Mbps | 50,000 | 300,000 |
242| tair.rdb.64g | 64 GB | 768 Mbps | 50,000 | 300,000 |
243
244### 6.2 Automated Workflow (Script)
245
246For quick end-to-end instance creation with public network access, use the all-in-one script:
247
248> **Execution Constraints:**
249> - **MUST** use `scripts/create-and-connect-test.sh` for this workflow — do NOT bypass the script to directly call individual `aliyun r-kvstore` commands
250> - **DO NOT** write or concatenate aliyun CLI commands to replace script functionality
251> - Model's responsibility: collect parameters → set environment variables → run script
252
253```bash
254export VPC_ID="<user-confirmed VPC_ID>"
255export VSWITCH_ID="<user-confirmed VSWITCH_ID>"
256
257# Optional parameters
258export REGION_ID="cn-hangzhou"
259export ZONE_ID="cn-hangzhou-h"
260export INSTANCE_TYPE="tair_rdb"
261export INSTANCE_CLASS="tair.rdb.1g"
262# For NAT environment, manually set public IP
263# export MY_PUBLIC_IP="your-public-ip"
264
265bash scripts/create-and-connect-test.sh
266```
267
268The script will automatically complete: Create instance → Wait for ready → Configure whitelist → Allocate public endpoint → Get public connection info.
269
270### 6.3 Manual CLI Steps
271
272For custom requirements (PrePaid subscription, no public endpoint, custom security groups, etc.), use manual CLI steps:
273
274**Step 1 — Create instance:**
275```bash
276aliyun r-kvstore create-tair-instance \
277 --biz-region-id "$REGION_ID" --zone-id "$ZONE_ID" \
278 --vpc-id "$VPC_ID" --vswitch-id "$VSWITCH_ID" \
279 --instance-type "$INSTANCE_TYPE" --instance-class "$INSTANCE_CLASS" \
280 --password "$PASSWORD" --charge-type "$CHARGE_TYPE" \
281 --shard-type "MASTER_SLAVE" \
282 --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
283```
284
285**Step 2 — Wait for instance ready** (poll until `InstanceStatus` is `Normal`):
286```bash
287aliyun r-kvstore describe-instance-attribute \
288 --instance-id "$INSTANCE_ID" \
289 --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
290```
291
292**Step 3 — Configure whitelist:**
293```bash
294aliyun r-kvstore modify-security-ips \
295 --instance-id "$INSTANCE_ID" --security-ips "$MY_PUBLIC_IP" \
296 --security-ip-group-name "default" \
297 --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
298```
299
300**Step 4 — Allocate public endpoint:**
301```bash
302aliyun r-kvstore allocate-instance-public-connection \
303 --instance-id "$INSTANCE_ID" \
304 --connection-string-prefix "${INSTANCE_ID}pub" --port "6379" \
305 --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
306```
307
308### 6.4 Success Verification
309
310```bash
311aliyun r-kvstore describe-instance-attribute \
312 --instance-id "$INSTANCE_ID" \
313 --user-agent AlibabaCloud-Agent-Skills/alibabacloud-tair-devtoolset
314```
315
316Confirm `InstanceStatus` is `Normal` and public endpoint is allocated. For the full 3-step verification (instance status, whitelist, public endpoint), see [references/verification-method.md](references/verification-method.md).
317
318### References
319
320- [references/instance-creation/connect-create-instance.md](references/instance-creation/connect-create-instance.md) — End-to-end instance creation and connection guide with redis-cli examples
321- [references/related-commands.md](references/related-commands.md) — Complete CLI command and parameter reference
322- [references/verification-method.md](references/verification-method.md) — Detailed success verification steps
323- [references/acceptance-criteria.md](references/acceptance-criteria.md) — CLI command correctness standards
324
325---
326
327## 7. Connection Management
328
329Connect to Tair instances using various Redis-compatible clients in standalone, proxy, cluster, or TLS modes.
330
331### When to Use
332
333- Connecting to a Tair instance from application code
334- Choosing the right client library and connection mode
335- Configuring TLS/SSL encryption for secure connections
336- Troubleshooting connection issues
337
338### Key Guidance
339
340**Connection Modes:**
341
342| Mode | Architecture | Description |
343|------|-------------|-------------|
344| Standalone/Proxy | Standard or Cluster (proxy mode) | Connect via proxy node; supports all Redis commands including cross-slot multi-key |
345| Cluster Direct | Cluster (direct mode) | Connect directly to data nodes; requires cluster-aware client; cross-slot multi-key commands not supported |
346| TLS | Any (overlay) | Encrypt connections with TLS/SSL; supports both Proxy and Direct modes |
347
348**Authentication Format:**
349- Default account: password only
350- Custom account: `<user>:<password>`
351- redis-cli: use `REDISCLI_AUTH` environment variable — `export REDISCLI_AUTH='InstanceID:Password'`
352
353**Supported Clients:** Jedis, Lettuce, Redisson (Java); redis-py (Python); Predis, phpredis (PHP); StackExchange.Redis (.NET); go-redis (Go); node-redis (Node.js); Spring Data Redis
354
355### References
356
357- [references/connection-management/connect-standalone-or-proxy.md](references/connection-management/connect-standalone-or-proxy.md) — Standalone/proxy connection examples in Java, Python, PHP, .NET, Go, Spring Data Redis
358- [references/connection-management/connect-cluster.md](references/connection-management/connect-cluster.md) — Cluster connection examples (JedisCluster, RedisCluster, LettuceCluster, go-redis cluster, redis-cli)
359- [references/connection-management/connect-with-tls.md](references/connection-management/connect-with-tls.md) — TLS/SSL connection examples for all client types (Proxy + Direct)
360
361---
362
363## 8. Performance Monitoring
364
365Intelligent performance monitoring and diagnostics via the Tair AI Assistant (DAS API).
366
367### When to Use
368
369- Diagnosing slow queries or performance degradation
370- Analyzing memory usage and identifying big keys / hotspot keys
371- Tuning instance parameters and connection settings
372- Monitoring instance health and resource utilization
373
374### Key Guidance
375
376For intelligent diagnostics, install and use the **alibabacloud-tair-ai-assistant** skill:
377
378```bash
379npx skills add aliyun/alibabacloud-aiops-skills --skill alibabacloud-tair-ai-assistant --agent <your-agent-platform>
380```
381
382The AI Assistant provides natural language based diagnostics covering: instance management, performance analysis, slow queries, memory analysis, big key / hotspot key detection, parameter tuning, and connection troubleshooting.
383
384### References
385
386- [references/performance-monitoring/perf-monitoring.md](references/performance-monitoring/perf-monitoring.md) — Performance monitoring reference
387- [alibabacloud-tair-ai-assistant](https://skills.aliyun.com/skills/alibabacloud-tair-ai-assistant)
388
389---
390
391## 9. Error Troubleshooting
392
393Diagnose and resolve common Tair errors across authentication, connection, cluster, memory, proxy, Lua/transactions, and client-specific issues.
394
395### When to Use
396
397- Encountering authentication or connection errors
398- Resolving cluster-related errors (cross-slot, moved, read-only)
399- Handling memory exhaustion or command errors
400- Debugging client-specific issues (Jedis, Lettuce, Redisson, go-redis, etc.)
401
402### Key Guidance
403
404**Common Error Categories:**
405
406| Category | Example Errors | Typical Cause |
407|----------|---------------|---------------|
408| Authentication | `NOAUTH Authentication required`, `WRONGPASS` | Password not provided, incorrect password, or Lettuce CLIENT SETINFO bug |
409| Connection | `ERR illegal address`, `max number of clients reached` | Client IP not in whitelist, connection pool leak, DNS failure |
410| Cluster | `CROSSSLOT Keys in request don't hash to the same slot`, `MOVED` | Multi-key command across slots, key moved to another node |
411| Memory/Command | `OOM command not allowed`, `WRONGTYPE`, `ERR unknown command` | Memory exceeded, wrong data type, command not supported |
412| Proxy Mode | `client ip is not in whitelist`, `redis temporary failure` | Proxy whitelist, sub-instance timeout, request queue overflow |
413| Lua/Transaction | `BUSY Redis is busy running a script`, `NOSCRIPT` | Long-running Lua script, script SHA not in cache |
414| Client-specific | Jedis `Could not get a resource from the pool`, Lettuce `NOAUTH` with correct password, go-redis cluster format panic | Pool exhaustion, version incompatibility, RESP2/RESP3 mismatch |
415
416### References
417
418- [references/error-troubleshooting/errors-troubleshooting.md](references/error-troubleshooting/errors-troubleshooting.md) — Complete error tables with causes and solutions for all error categories and client libraries
419- [Common errors and troubleshooting](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/redis/support/common-errors-and-troubleshooting)
420
421---
422
423## 10. Backup and Recovery
424
425Configure backup policies, create manual backups, restore data from backups, and perform point-in-time recovery (PITR).
426
427### When to Use
428
429- Configuring automatic backup policies
430- Creating a manual backup before high-risk operations
431- Restoring data from a backup set
432- Performing point-in-time recovery (PITR) or key-filtered recovery
433
434### Key Guidance
435
436**Persistence Policies:**
437
438| Policy | Mechanism | Key Feature |
439|--------|-----------|-------------|
440| RDB | Periodic snapshots | Small files, non-blocking backup |
441| AOF | Logs all write operations | Fsync every second by default, AOF rewrite reduces disk usage |
442| Tair-Binlog | Incremental AOF archiving (Enterprise DRAM only) | Prevents AOF rewrite degradation, enables PITR accurate to the second |
443
444**Key CLI Operations:**
445- `modify-backup-policy` — Modify automatic backup schedule
446- `create-backup` — Create a manual backup
447- `describe-backups` — Query available backup sets
448- `restore-instance` — Restore from backup set or point-in-time
449 - Full backup: `--backup-id "$BACKUP_ID"`
450 - PITR: `--restore-type 1 --restore-time "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z"`
451 - Key-filtered PITR: add `--filter-key "session:*,user:*"`
452
453> **⚠️ HIGH-RISK OPERATION — `restore-instance` overwrites current data and cannot be undone.**
454> Before executing any restore:
455> 1. **Verify current write traffic** — Check if the instance has active writes; notify the user if so
456> 2. **Create a latest backup** — Run `create-backup` to preserve current data as a rollback point
457> 3. **Confirm with the user** — Explicitly inform that data will be overwritten and obtain confirmation
458
459### References
460
461- [references/backup-and-recovery/backup-recovery.md](references/backup-and-recovery/backup-recovery.md) — Complete backup/recovery guide with CLI examples and data protection details
462- [Data backup and restoration policies](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/redis/user-guide/backup-and-restoration-solutions)
463
464---
465
466# References Index
467
468| Reference | Description | Scope |
469|-----------|-------------|-------|
470| [references/cli-installation-guide.md](references/cli-installation-guide.md) | Aliyun CLI installation and configuration guide | Cross-cutting |
471| [references/ram-policies.md](references/ram-policies.md) | RAM permission policy document | Cross-cutting |
472| [references/acceptance-criteria.md](references/acceptance-criteria.md) | CLI command correctness standards | Cross-cutting (QA) |
473| [references/related-commands.md](references/related-commands.md) | Complete CLI command and parameter reference | Instance Creation |
474| [references/verification-method.md](references/verification-method.md) | Success verification steps | Instance Creation |
475| [references/architecture-selection/arch-selection.md](references/architecture-selection/arch-selection.md) | Architecture selection decision guide | Architecture Selection |
476| [references/architecture-selection/arch-compare-oss-redis.md](references/architecture-selection/arch-compare-oss-redis.md) | Tair vs Open Source Redis comparison | Architecture Selection |
477| [references/data-structure-design/data-structure-design.md](references/data-structure-design/data-structure-design.md) | Detailed data structure use cases | Data Structure Design |
478| [references/instance-creation/connect-create-instance.md](references/instance-creation/connect-create-instance.md) | End-to-end instance creation and connection guide | Instance Creation |
479| [references/connection-management/connect-standalone-or-proxy.md](references/connection-management/connect-standalone-or-proxy.md) | Standalone/proxy connection examples | Connection Management |
480| [references/connection-management/connect-cluster.md](references/connection-management/connect-cluster.md) | Cluster connection examples | Connection Management |
481| [references/connection-management/connect-with-tls.md](references/connection-management/connect-with-tls.md) | TLS connection examples (Proxy + Direct) | Connection Management |
482| [references/performance-monitoring/perf-monitoring.md](references/performance-monitoring/perf-monitoring.md) | Performance monitoring and diagnostics | Performance Monitoring |
483| [references/error-troubleshooting/errors-troubleshooting.md](references/error-troubleshooting/errors-troubleshooting.md) | Complete error tables with causes and solutions | Error Troubleshooting |
484| [references/backup-and-recovery/backup-recovery.md](references/backup-and-recovery/backup-recovery.md) | Backup and recovery strategies with CLI examples | Backup and Recovery |