Writing with evidence
Assertion tells; evidence shows. "Our approach is faster" is a claim the reader must take on faith; "it cut the median response from 2.1s to 600ms" is a fact they can weigh. Specific, verifiable support is what separates persuasive, credible writing from generic filler.
Method
- Replace adjectives with evidence. Every "significant", "powerful", "seamless", "robust" is a claim dressed as a fact. Cut it and show the thing: the number, the example, the before-and-after. If you cannot substantiate the adjective, the reader should not believe it, and you should not write it (see the AI-tell words to avoid in adjust-tone, proofread).
- Prefer the specific to the general. "Many users struggled" is weak; "of 50 new users, 34 could not find the export button" is strong. Real numbers, named examples, and concrete detail carry weight that vague quantifiers ("often", "most", "a lot") cannot.
- Choose evidence that fits the claim's weight. A big claim needs strong evidence (data, multiple examples, a source); a small one needs only an illustration. Match the support to what you are asking the reader to believe, and do not over-claim past what your evidence shows.
- Show your sources where it matters. For factual or contested claims, cite where the number or fact came from, so the reader can trust it and check it (see fact-checking, source-evaluation). Unsourced statistics read as invented, because often they are.
- Use examples to make the abstract concrete. A principle followed by "for example..." lands where the principle alone slides past. One well-chosen, specific example teaches more than three sentences of generalization (see clear-writing's concrete-nouns rule).
- Be honest about the evidence's limits. Note the sample size, the caveat, the case where it does not hold. Acknowledged limits build credibility; hidden ones destroy it when found. Overstated evidence is worse than modest evidence honestly framed (see persuasive-writing's concede-what-is-true).
Boundaries
- Evidence must be real: fabricated numbers, invented quotes, or cherry-picked data are the fastest way to lose trust permanently, and AI writing is prone to confident invention, so verify before asserting (see fact-checking).
- Not every sentence needs a citation; over-hedged, over-sourced prose is its own failure. Support the load-bearing claims; state the obvious plainly.
- Evidence supports a point; it does not replace one. A pile of facts without a thesis is a data dump, not writing (see structure-and-flow, data-to-insights).