ARP4761A FTA/FMEA (systems-engineering-safety/arp4761a/fta-fmea)
Use when the task is fault tree analysis or FMEA/FMECA work per ARP4761A: deriving minimal cut sets, sanity-checking cut-set probabilities, scoping the analysis set by assurance level, and mapping failure-condition severity.
Domain quick reference
- FTA models a top event as a tree of AND/OR gates over basic events; a minimal cut set is a smallest set of basic events whose joint occurrence forces the top event.
- OR gates union their children's cut sets; AND gates take the cartesian product, so each combination becomes one cut set.
- Cut-set probability is the product of its basic-event probabilities; a cut set more likely than the top event signals a modeling or probability error.
- FMEA catalogues failure modes and effects; severity classes map to development assurance levels: A = Catastrophic, B = Hazardous, C = Major, D = Minor, E = No safety effect.
- The analysis set scales with level: FTA and FMEA at every safety-significant level, CCA (ZSA/PRA/CMA) added at levels A and B.
Workflow
- Confirm the certification basis and the approved safety plan.
- Build the fault tree structure (gate nodes with op AND/OR and children; leaves are basic events).
- Derive minimal cut sets and check cut-set probability sanity against the top event probability.
- Scope the analysis set per assurance level (FTA/FMEA, plus CCA at A/B).
- Run FMEA and map failure-condition severities to levels.
Pitfalls
- AND gates unioned instead of multiplied (missing combinations).
- Cut-set probabilities above the top event probability left unexplained (model or probability error).
- CCA dropped at levels A/B where common-cause analysis is expected.
- Severity mapped without the FHA-to-PSSA-to-SSA chain.
Behavior contract (gate 3)
The logic is exercised by the gate 3 contract test: scripts/test_fta_fmea.py against scripts/fta_fmea_logic.py (stdlib unittest, offline). Run: python3 scripts/test_fta_fmea.py
Compliance
- Standards referenced, not reproduced: ARP4761A / ARP4754A text is proprietary (SAE); summary-only per standards-map.yaml and brief 06.
- Revision note: ARP4754B (2023) supersedes ARP4754A; this skill keys to ARP4754A as the certification-baseline revision (FAA AC 20-174 cites A); see standards-map.yaml arp4754a.revision_decision.
- compliance: STANDARDS-REF, gated: false.