Takeoff Performance (flight-mechanics/performance/takeoff-performance)
Use when the task is takeoff performance analysis: stall speed,
lift-off speed, and ground roll distance from weight, wing area,
thrust, and density.
Domain quick reference
- Stall speed from wing loading: V_s = sqrt(2 * (W/S) / (rho * Cl_max)),
with wing loading W/S in N/m^2 and air density rho in kg/m^3.
- Stall speed from weight: V_s = sqrt(2 * W / (rho * S * Cl_max)),
with weight W in N and wing area S in m^2.
- Lift-off speed: V_LOF = 1.2 * V_s (transport convention), speeds in
m/s.
- Ground roll distance: S_g = 1.44 * W^2 / (g0 * rho * S * Cl_max *
(T - mu * W)), with thrust T and rolling friction force mu * W in N,
and g0 = 9.80665 m/s^2.
- Units are SI throughout: forces in N, speeds in m/s, density in
kg/m^3, wing loading in N/m^2.
Workflow
- Collect weight, wing area, thrust, density, and Cl_max.
- Compute the stall speed with stall_speed or
stall_speed_from_weight.
- Apply the liftoff factor with liftoff_speed.
- Estimate the ground roll with ground_roll_distance.
- Check thrust against mu * W before reporting a distance.
Pitfalls
- Using gross weight instead of net thrust minus rolling friction:
the ground roll needs T - mu * W, not T alone.
- Using a liftoff factor below 1.1: 1.2 is the transport convention;
values under 1.0 are rejected.
- Mixing kg and N: weight and thrust must be newtons (mass * g0),
or the distances and speeds come out wrong.
Behavior contract (gate 3)
The stall speed, liftoff speed, and ground roll logic is exercised by
the gate 3 contract test: scripts/test_takeoff_performance.py against
scripts/takeoff_performance_logic.py (stdlib unittest, offline). Run:
python3 scripts/test_takeoff_performance.py
Compliance
- Standards referenced, not reproduced: FAR-25 is US government work
(public domain) and CS-25 is a free EASA download; takeoff
performance is common flight-mechanics methodology, summary-only per
standards-map.yaml.
- compliance: STANDARDS-REF, gated: false.
1---2name: takeoff-performance3description: Use when you must compute takeoff performance from the aircraft weight, wing area, and thrust: determine the stall speed from wing loading and density, apply the liftoff speed factor, and estimate the ground roll distance with rolling friction. Produces the stall speed, the lift off speed, and the ground roll distance that gate the takeoff field-length check. Trigger: takeoff, ground roll, lift off speed, stall speed, wing loading.4license: Apache-2.05---67# Takeoff Performance (flight-mechanics/performance/takeoff-performance)89Use when the task is takeoff performance analysis: stall speed,10lift-off speed, and ground roll distance from weight, wing area,11thrust, and density.1213## Domain quick reference1415- Stall speed from wing loading: V_s = sqrt(2 * (W/S) / (rho * Cl_max)),16 with wing loading W/S in N/m^2 and air density rho in kg/m^3.17- Stall speed from weight: V_s = sqrt(2 * W / (rho * S * Cl_max)),18 with weight W in N and wing area S in m^2.19- Lift-off speed: V_LOF = 1.2 * V_s (transport convention), speeds in20 m/s.21- Ground roll distance: S_g = 1.44 * W^2 / (g0 * rho * S * Cl_max *22 (T - mu * W)), with thrust T and rolling friction force mu * W in N,23 and g0 = 9.80665 m/s^2.24- Units are SI throughout: forces in N, speeds in m/s, density in25 kg/m^3, wing loading in N/m^2.2627## Workflow28291. Collect weight, wing area, thrust, density, and Cl_max.302. Compute the stall speed with stall_speed or31 stall_speed_from_weight.323. Apply the liftoff factor with liftoff_speed.334. Estimate the ground roll with ground_roll_distance.345. Check thrust against mu * W before reporting a distance.3536## Pitfalls3738- Using gross weight instead of net thrust minus rolling friction:39 the ground roll needs T - mu * W, not T alone.40- Using a liftoff factor below 1.1: 1.2 is the transport convention;41 values under 1.0 are rejected.42- Mixing kg and N: weight and thrust must be newtons (mass * g0),43 or the distances and speeds come out wrong.4445## Behavior contract (gate 3)4647The stall speed, liftoff speed, and ground roll logic is exercised by48the gate 3 contract test: scripts/test_takeoff_performance.py against49scripts/takeoff_performance_logic.py (stdlib unittest, offline). Run:50python3 scripts/test_takeoff_performance.py5152## Compliance5354- Standards referenced, not reproduced: FAR-25 is US government work55 (public domain) and CS-25 is a free EASA download; takeoff56 performance is common flight-mechanics methodology, summary-only per57 standards-map.yaml.58- compliance: STANDARDS-REF, gated: false.
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