Spacecraft Thermal Design (space-systems/subsystems/thermal-design)
Use when the task is spacecraft thermal control design: radiator sizing, equilibrium temperature, and thermal margin checks against the dissipation budget.
Domain quick reference
- A radiator dissipates heat to the environment by radiation: Q = eps * sigma * A * (T_rad^4 - T_sink^4).
- The radiator must run hotter than the sink it radiates to, or the balance is physically wrong.
- Equilibrium temperature follows from the same balance solved for temperature.
- Thermal margin is the dissipation capacity beyond the required load; typical project bands require 10-20 percent.
Workflow
- Collect the heat load, radiator temperature, sink temperature, and surface emissivity.
- Size the radiator with radiator_area.
- Solve the equilibrium temperature with equilibrium_temp.
- Check the margin with thermal_margin_ok.
- Gate the thermal design on the margin verdict.
Pitfalls
- Sizing a radiator colder than its sink (negative net flow).
- Ignoring emissivity degradation over life.
- Treating absorbed heat as dissipated heat.
Behavior contract (gate 3)
The radiator, equilibrium, and margin logic is exercised by the gate 3 contract test: scripts/test_thermal_design.py against scripts/thermal_design_logic.py (stdlib unittest, offline). Run: python3 scripts/test_thermal_design.py
Compliance
- Standards referenced, not reproduced: ECSS-E-ST-31 text is copyright ESA; the sizing here is common thermal physics, summary-only per standards-map.yaml.
- compliance: STANDARDS-REF, gated: false.