Otel Instrumentation

Serena MCP is mandatory for C# code. First call mcp__serena__initial_instructions to load the Serena tool manual, then use the Serena tools for ALL .cs reading / searching / navigation / creation / editing — prefer symbol navigation (get_symbols_overview / find_symbol / find_referencing_symbols) over whole-file reads. Native Edit/Write on .cs is hook-blocked (the TS/React frontend uses the native tools).

OpenTelemetry for the {{ProductName}} .NET API

Adapted for our stack: OTLP → self-hosted Grafana/Tempo/Loki/Prometheus on your (EU) host — never Azure Monitor / Application Insights. EF Core on Npgsql (not SqlClient). C# (.cs) edits go through Serena (native Edit/Write on .cs is blocked). Follows docs/projectStandards/backend-architecture.md and the backend rules. Every NuGet package below needs Dan's explicit approval before adding — the OTel packages are the CNCF standard but still dependencies (no library without approval).

1. Packages (flag for approval)

OpenTelemetry.Extensions.Hosting              # required for DI integration
OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.AspNetCore
OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.Http
OpenTelemetry.Exporter.OpenTelemetryProtocol  # OTLP — traces, metrics AND logs through one exporter
OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.EntityFrameworkCore   # NOT .Instrumentation.SqlClient — we're on Npgsql
# OpenTelemetry.Instrumentation.Runtime       # optional GC/thread metrics
# OpenTelemetry.Exporter.Console              # DEV ONLY — never in production

Do not install OpenTelemetry alone — you need .Extensions.Hosting for DI.

2. Configure all three signals in Program.cs (via Serena)

builder.Services.AddOpenTelemetry() → .ConfigureResource(r => r.AddService("{{ProjectName}}-api")) →

• .WithTracing(t => t.AddAspNetCoreInstrumentation(o => o.Filter = ctx => !ctx.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments("/health")).AddHttpClientInstrumentation(o => o.RecordException = true).AddEntityFrameworkCoreInstrumentation().AddSource("{{ProjectName}}.*"))
• .WithMetrics(m => m.AddAspNetCoreInstrumentation().AddHttpClientInstrumentation().AddMeter("{{ProjectName}}.*"))
• .WithLogging(l => l.IncludeScopes = true)
• .UseOtlpExporter(); — reads OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT; point it at our collector. Default gRPC 4317; for HTTP set OtlpExportProtocol.HttpProtobuf (4318). Prometheus OTLP ingestion needs explicit opt-in.

3. Logs correlate automatically

.WithLogging() stamps every log with TraceId/SpanId and propagates the resource — no extra packages.

4. Custom spans

• private static readonly ActivitySource ActivitySource = new("{{ProjectName}}.<Feature>"); — the source name MUST exactly match an AddSource("{{ProjectName}}.*") filter or spans are silently dropped (the #1 bug).
• using var activity = ActivitySource.StartActivity("ProcessProject"); then activity?.SetTag("project.id", id), child spans with ActivityKind.Client, activity?.SetStatus(ActivityStatusCode.Error, msg).
• Prefer _logger.LogError(ex, ...) over activity?.RecordException(ex) (OTel is deprecating span-event exceptions).

5. Custom metrics — via IMeterFactory (DI), not new Meter()

• _meter = meterFactory.Create("{{ProjectName}}.<Feature>"); then CreateCounter<long> / CreateHistogram<double> / CreateUpDownCounter<int>; record with a TagList for dimensions.
• The metrics class uses an explicit constructor assigning readonly fields (no primary constructors), registered AddSingleton<…Metrics>().

6. Context propagation across queues/pipeline stages

Automatic over HTTP; for your agentic pipeline / any message hop, Inject/Extract with Propagators.DefaultTextMapPropagator + PropagationContext/Baggage, then start the downstream activity with the extracted ActivityContext as parent.

Conventions (ours)

• Naming: ActivitySources and Meters are {{ProjectName}}.<Feature> (match our namespaces).
• Cardinality + tenancy: tenant_id may be a span attribute (useful for tracing), but never a metric dimension if tenant count is non-trivial (cardinality blowup). No user IDs / UUIDs / request IDs as metric tags. Be mindful of EU residency — don't ship PII in telemetry attributes.
• Pitfalls: null StartActivity → source-name mismatch; missing traces → wrong OTLP port/protocol; ActivitySource is static, Meter comes from the factory.