Tm Search

US Trademark Search Skill (tm-search)

This skill enables an agent to search, validate, and analyze US trademarks via USPTO APIs.

Important: API Access Reality

The USPTO trademark search system (tmsearch.uspto.gov) uses AWS WAF bot protection on its Elasticsearch search backend. Direct keyword search via HTTP is not possible without browser automation. However, the TSDR details API (case lookup by serial number) works without authentication and returns JSON.

For keyword search, use one of these approaches:

1. Playwright/browser automation — drive the tmsearch.uspto.gov web UI (most reliable)
2. Third-party API — RapidAPI USPTO wrapper (requires API key, simpler to use)

For case status lookup by serial number, the built-in TSDR API works directly.

API Overview

API 1: TSDR Details API (No auth required — JSON)

Look up trademark case details by serial number. This endpoint is hosted on the tmsearch site and returns JSON without authentication.

Endpoint

GET https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/tsdr-api-v1-0-0/tsdr-api?serialNumber={SERIAL_NUMBER}

Serial numbers are 8 digits (no dashes). Example:

curl -s "https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/tsdr-api-v1-0-0/tsdr-api?serialNumber=78787878" \
  -H "Accept: application/json"

Response Structure

{
  "metadata": {
    "caseStatus": "Abandoned because the applicant failed to respond...",
    "statusDate": "2007-09-25",
    "owners": [
      {
        "ipInfo": {
          "name": "OWNER NAME",
          "legalEntity": "3",
          "contactAddress": {
            "mailingAddresses": [
              {
                "cityName": "City",
                "geographicRegionName": "STATE",
                "postalCode": "12345",
                "countryName": "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA"
              }
            ]
          },
          "citizenship": {
            "countryName": "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA",
            "geographicRegionName": "STATE"
          }
        }
      }
    ],
    "attorney": {
      "ipInfo": { "name": "Attorney Name" }
    },
    "correspondent": {
      "ipInfo": {
        "name": "Correspondent Name",
        "contactAddress": { "mailingAddresses": [...], "electronicAddresses": [...] }
      }
    },
    "markDetails": {
      "isStandardCharClaimed": false
    },
    "tm5Status": {
      "tm5StatusDescription": "...",
      "tm5StatusCode": "10",
      "tm5StatusDescriptor": "DEAD/APPLICATION/Refused/Dismissed or Invalidated",
      "tm5LiveDead": "dead"
    },
    "classes": [
      { "classNumber": "009", "firstUseAnywhereDate": null, "firstUseInCommerceDate": null }
    ],
    "docketNumber": "..."
  },
  "maintenance": {},
  "prosecutionHistory": [
    {
      "historyDate": "2026-03-06",
      "historyDescription": "Amended Drawing",
      "documentId": "https://tsdr.uspto.gov/documentviewer?caseId=sn78787878&docId=..."
    }
  ],
  "assignments": [...],
  "proceedings": [...],
  "international": {}
}

Key Response Fields

Note: This API does NOT return the word mark text itself. To get the mark text, you need the keyword search approach (browser automation or RapidAPI).

API 2: TSDR Bulk API (Requires API key — XML)

The original TSDR API at tsdrapi.uspto.gov now requires an API key for all requests (changed October 2024). Register at https://account.uspto.gov/api-manager/.

Endpoints

# Case status as XML (requires API key)
GET https://tsdrapi.uspto.gov/ts/cd/casestatus/sn{SERIAL_NUMBER}/info.xml
  Header: USPTO-API-KEY: YOUR_KEY

# Case status as HTML
GET https://tsdrapi.uspto.gov/ts/cd/casestatus/sn{SERIAL_NUMBER}/content.html
  Header: USPTO-API-KEY: YOUR_KEY

# By registration number
GET https://tsdrapi.uspto.gov/ts/cd/casestatus/rn{REG_NUMBER}/info.xml

# Case documents PDF bundle
GET https://tsdrapi.uspto.gov/ts/cd/casedocs/bundle.pdf?sn={SERIAL_NUMBER}

# Raw trademark image
GET https://tsdrapi.uspto.gov/ts/cd/rawImage/{SERIAL_NUMBER}

Rate limit: 60 requests/minute per API key.

Keyword Search via Browser Automation (Recommended)

Since the tmsearch.uspto.gov search backend is protected by AWS WAF, use Playwright to drive the web UI and intercept API responses.

Important: The AWS WAF bot detection is non-deterministic — headless browsers are blocked intermittently. Use anti-detection settings and retries. Even with these, keyword search may fail occasionally. The RapidAPI wrapper (below) is more reliable if you need consistent results.

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def search_trademark(keyword: str, max_results: int = 25) -> dict:
    """Search USPTO trademarks by keyword using browser automation."""
    results = {"totalFound": 0, "trademarks": []}

    with sync_playwright() as p:
        # Anti-detection settings to bypass AWS WAF
        browser = p.chromium.launch(
            headless=True,
            args=["--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled"],
        )
        context = browser.new_context(
            user_agent=(
                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) "
                "AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
                "Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
            ),
            viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080},
        )
        page = context.new_page()
        page.add_init_script(
            'Object.defineProperty(navigator, "webdriver", {get: () => undefined})'
        )

        # Intercept the Elasticsearch API responses
        def handle_response(response):
            if "prod-stage" in response.url and response.status == 200:
                try:
                    data = response.json()
                    if isinstance(data, dict) and "hits" in data:
                        hits = data.get("hits", {})
                        total = hits.get("total", {})
                        results["totalFound"] = total.get("value", 0) if isinstance(total, dict) else total
                        for hit in hits.get("hits", [])[:max_results]:
                            results["trademarks"].append(hit.get("_source", {}))
                except Exception:
                    pass

        page.on("response", handle_response)
        page.goto("https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/search/search-information", timeout=30000)
        page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")
        page.wait_for_timeout(2000)  # Wait for WAF challenge to resolve

        # Type keyword and submit
        search_input = page.locator('input[type="text"]').first
        search_input.fill(keyword.upper(), timeout=10000)
        search_input.press("Enter")

        # Wait for results (longer wait needed for WAF + async results)
        page.wait_for_timeout(6000)

        browser.close()

    return results

Install Playwright

pip install playwright
playwright install chromium

Keyword Search via RapidAPI (Alternative — requires API key)

If browser automation is not practical, the RapidAPI unofficial USPTO wrapper provides reliable keyword search.

Sign up: https://rapidapi.com/pentium10/api/uspto-trademark

# Keyword search (active marks)
curl "https://uspto-trademark.p.rapidapi.com/v1/trademarkSearch/APPLE/active" \
  -H "x-rapidapi-host: uspto-trademark.p.rapidapi.com" \
  -H "x-rapidapi-key: YOUR_RAPIDAPI_KEY"

# Availability check
curl "https://uspto-trademark.p.rapidapi.com/v1/trademarkAvailable/CLOUDPEAK" \
  -H "x-rapidapi-host: uspto-trademark.p.rapidapi.com" \
  -H "x-rapidapi-key: YOUR_RAPIDAPI_KEY"

# Search by owner
curl "https://uspto-trademark.p.rapidapi.com/v1/ownerSearch/Apple%20Inc/" \
  -H "x-rapidapi-host: uspto-trademark.p.rapidapi.com" \
  -H "x-rapidapi-key: YOUR_RAPIDAPI_KEY"

# Lookup by serial number
curl "https://uspto-trademark.p.rapidapi.com/v1/serialSearch/78787878" \
  -H "x-rapidapi-host: uspto-trademark.p.rapidapi.com" \
  -H "x-rapidapi-key: YOUR_RAPIDAPI_KEY"

# Batch search (POST)
curl -X POST "https://uspto-trademark.p.rapidapi.com/v1/batchTrademarkSearch" \
  -H "x-rapidapi-host: uspto-trademark.p.rapidapi.com" \
  -H "x-rapidapi-key: YOUR_RAPIDAPI_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"keywords": ["CLOUDPEAK", "SKYBRIDGE", "NEONPULSE"]}'

RapidAPI endpoints:

• /v1/trademarkSearch/{keyword}/{status} — keyword search (active, dead, or all)
• /v1/trademarkAvailable/{keyword} — simple yes/no availability
• /v1/ownerSearch/{owner_name}/{postcode} — search by owner
• /v1/serialSearch/{serial_number} — lookup by serial number
• /v1/batchTrademarkSearch — multiple keywords (POST)

CLI Tool Implementation (tm-search)

When building the tm-search command-line tool, follow this structure:

Core Commands

tm-search keyword <word>              # Search by keyword (uses Playwright)
tm-search keyword <word> --status=A  # Active trademarks only
tm-search keyword <word> --status=D  # Dead trademarks only
tm-search available <word>           # Check if word is available (not registered live)
tm-search status <serial_number>     # Lookup by serial number (uses TSDR API)
tm-search batch <word1,word2,...>    # Check multiple words
tm-search validate <file.txt>        # Validate words from a file (one per line)

Output Format

Default output: human-readable table With --json: raw JSON With --csv: CSV for spreadsheet use

KEYWORD: "CLOUDPEAK"
Status: AVAILABLE (no live trademarks found)
Dead marks: 2 (see --show-dead for details)

KEYWORD: "APPLE"
Status: REGISTERED (1,247 live marks found)
Top matches:
  - "APPLE" | Owner: Apple Inc. | Classes: 009,042 | Reg: 1078312
  - "APPLE MUSIC" | Owner: Apple Inc. | Classes: 041 | Reg: 4960099
  ...

Availability Check Logic

A keyword is considered AVAILABLE if there are zero live/active marks with exact OR confusingly similar text. The agent should:

1. Search exact keyword (via Playwright or RapidAPI)
2. If results > 0 → LIKELY REGISTERED — show matches
3. If results == 0 → LIKELY AVAILABLE — note this is not legal advice
4. Always caveat: suggest professional trademark attorney review before filing

Batch Validation

For validating a list of keywords, add a 2–3 second delay between Playwright searches to avoid triggering rate limits. With RapidAPI, 0.5–1s delay is sufficient.

Implementation Notes

• The tmsearch.uspto.gov search backend is protected by AWS WAF — direct HTTP keyword search does not work
• The TSDR Details API (/tsdr-api-v1-0-0/tsdr-api?serialNumber=...) works without auth and returns JSON
• The old TSDR XML API (tsdrapi.uspto.gov) requires an API key for all requests since October 2024
• Always uppercase keywords before searching (USPTO stores marks in uppercase)
• International Classification (Nice Classification) codes define goods/services category
• Serial numbers are 8 digits; Registration numbers are 7 digits

Reference Files

• references/field-guide.md — Full field descriptions and Nice Classification codes
• references/scraping-fallback.md — Browser automation fallback details
• scripts/tm_search.py — Ready-to-use Python implementation

Legal Disclaimer to Include in Output

Always include when providing availability results:

"This is a preliminary search only. Trademark availability is complex and depends on many factors including similar marks, geographic use, and goods/services classification. Consult a licensed trademark attorney before filing."