byerlikaya Performance
Trigger phrases: "performance", "slow", "optimization", "profiling", "N+1", "latency", "memory leak", "leaked memory", "load test", "seconds to open", "seconds to respond", "anything slower", "make it slower"
Core rule: measure first, optimize later. Optimization without measurement is a guess; it usually speeds up the wrong place and adds complexity. Stack-agnostic; do a web search when you need the profiling tool/library.
Method (in order)
- Set a target — what is "acceptable"? (p95 latency, throughput, memory ceiling). Numeric.
- Measure — find the real bottleneck with a profiler/APM/benchmark; don't start from a guess.
- Fix the single most expensive thing — Amdahl: speeding up a 5% path by 2x is wasted; target the hot path.
- Measure again — did it actually improve, is there a regression.
- Stop — once you hit the target, finish; no endless micro-optimization.
Common bottlenecks
Catalog of common bottlenecks + fixes to consult: references/bottlenecks.md.
Measurement tips
- Measure under load (a single request misleads); with a realistic data volume.
- Not p50, but p95/p99 — tail latency is what burns the user.
- Don't trust micro-benchmarks; an end-to-end profile is more honest.
Invariant rules
- Don't optimize without measuring — a change without a profile = a guess.
- Target the hot path — don't speed up the small share.
- Don't break correctness — don't sacrifice behavior/edge cases for speed.
- Complexity budget — make an optimization that seriously hurts readability only if there is a measured gain; comment it.
- Stop once you hit the target — YAGNI; no premature/excessive optimization.