Pnsn Phase Detection

PNSN Phase Detection and Earthquake Monitoring

This skill wraps the skill-local pnsn/ project stored at seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/ for automatic seismic phase picking and event monitoring. Use it when a task involves:

• detecting or picking Pg, Sg, Pn, Sn, P, or S arrivals;
• running deep-learning pickers on continuous 3-component waveforms;
• scanning SAC, MSEED, SEED, or miniseed waveform directories;
• converting picks into earthquake events with FastLink, REAL, or GaMMA;
• building an earthquake monitoring workflow from waveform data.

Project root assumptions:

• Run commands from the SAGE repo root.
• The pnsn code and model files are managed inside this skill folder, not at the repository root.
• Reusable instructions, scripts, and workflows are managed inside this skill folder. Do not depend on temporary demo folders such as publish_mini; they may be cleaned or omitted from uploads.
• If seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/picker.py is missing, instruct the user to run git clone https://github.com/cangyeone/pnsn.git seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn from the SAGE repo root.
• Default model files live at seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/.
• Picker configuration lives at seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/config/picker.py.
• Define PNSN_ROOT = Path("seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn") in generated code and build all model/script paths from it.

Preferred Python API:

from seismo_skill.skills.pnsn_phase_detection.pnsn import PNSNPicker

picker = PNSNPicker()  # uses pnsn/pickers/pnsn.v3.jit by default
picks = picker.pick_stream(obspy_stream, incomplete="skip")

Use pick_stream for uploaded or already-read three-component waveforms in chat, science-analysis, and parameter-optimization tasks. Use pick_directory for batch monitoring directories. Do not silently fall back to STA/LTA. If the PNSN picker is unavailable, print a clear [SAGE_TEST] PNSN unavailable: ... diagnostic and stop unless the user explicitly requested STA/LTA or another classical trigger method.

Default generated code pattern:

from seismo_skill.skills.pnsn_phase_detection.pnsn import PNSNPicker

if not PNSNPicker.is_available():
    raise RuntimeError(
        "PNSNPicker unavailable. Check seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/"
    )

picker = PNSNPicker()
picks = picker.pick_stream(st, incomplete="skip")
if not picks:
    raise RuntimeError("PNSNPicker returned no picks for this stream")
print(f"[SAGE_TEST] PNSN picks: {len(picks)}")

SeismicX-Cont / Continuous HDF5 Mode

Use this mode when the task mentions publish_mini, SeismicX-Cont, continuous HDF5 waveforms, picker JSONL, label JSON, recall/precision, or annotation plots. The demo folder may be absent; the durable skill resources are:

• references/seismicx_cont_picker.md: data layout, JSONL pick schema, metrics, and benchmark rules.
• references/annotation_plotting.md: waveform label/auto-pick plotting rules.
• scripts/plot_picks_and_labels.py: reusable annotation plotting script.
• workflows/seismicx_continuous_dataset_creation.md: build a continuous waveform dataset from user data.
• workflows/picker_benchmark_and_annotation_plots.md: evaluate a provided picker and generate recall/precision figures.
• workflows/continuous_detection_and_association.md: run continuous detection and associate picks into events.

Large SeismicX-Cont waveform data are not stored in this skill. Point users to:

modelscope download --dataset cangyeone/SeismicX-Cont --local_dir /path/to/SeismicX-Cont

or https://www.modelscope.cn/datasets/cangyeone/SeismicX-Cont.

If a project contains scripts/run_picker_to_jsonl.py, use it for continuous HDF5 picking because it normally handles the project dataloader, resume, and JSONL output. If it is missing, write custom code using the contracts in references/seismicx_cont_picker.md.

Example annotation plot command:

python seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/scripts/plot_picks_and_labels.py \
  --project-root /path/to/project \
  --h5-input "data/hdf5/*.h5" \
  --label-json data/label/annotations_mini_two_hours.json \
  --auto-jsonl data/picks/pnsn.v3.diff.phase.jsonl \
  --outdir "$SAGE_OUTDIR/annotation_plots" \
  --max-panels 12 \
  --window-seconds 180

Science-analysis and parameter-optimization agents should save picker metrics, annotation plots, and manifests under the current project output directory and then cite them as evidence in reports or papers.

Autonomous Programming Mode

This skill is not limited to calling seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/picker.py. When the user asks to "自己编程", "写代码实现拾取", "检测这几条波形", "画出拾取结果", "调试检测流程", or when the waveform organization does not match seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/config/picker.py, write a custom Python program instead of only giving a CLI command.

Use custom code for:

• one station or a small set of files;
• uploaded SAC/MSEED files with known paths;
• non-standard filenames or component names;
• tasks requiring waveform plots, pick tables, SNR/AMP statistics, or intermediate diagnostics;
• debugging and mini-tests;
• integrating picks into a larger SAGE analysis pipeline.

Important fallback rule:

• If pnsn/picker.py and pnsn/pickers/pnsn.v3.jit exist, prefer the PNSN TorchScript picker over a naive STA/LTA script.
• Do not write a classical STA/LTA fallback for a generic "pick phases" request. Use STA/LTA only when the user explicitly asks for STA/LTA/classical triggering, or when the code is clearly labeled as a diagnostic comparison.
• If you must write a classical STA/LTA fallback, never use the first trigger_onset window as the final pick. Print candidate trigger windows, ignore edge triggers near the record start, compare candidates with waveform energy/SNR, and choose plausible P/S arrivals. A common failure is picking a taper/filter transient within the first few seconds while the real event is much later in the trace.

Plot Existing Pick Results

When the user asks to draw or overlay an existing pick result, such as “把这个拾取结果绘制到波形上”, this is a visualization task, not a new phase-picking task. Do not re-run STA/LTA just because a file named picks_table.csv is missing.

Search the current execution directory, SAGE_OUTDIR, and the authorized waveform/data directories for recent pick outputs whose names look like *pick*.csv, *pick*.txt, pnsn_picks.csv, sage_picks_*.txt, phase_picks.*, or picks.*. Accept these schemas:

• CSV columns including phase, time_abs/absolute_time/time, or relative_time_s/time_rel_s;
• PNSN text outputs with comment headers and comma rows:

# path/to/waveform/file
phase_name,relative_time_s,confidence,absolute_time,SNR,AMP,station,extra

Skip comment lines, parse comma rows, and preserve both relative and absolute times when available. Only use a generic data.csv if it contains explicit phase-pick columns; otherwise reject it as unrelated data.

When picks are produced in the same script by PNSNPicker.pick_stream(st), pass those pick dictionaries directly into plot_stream(st, picks=picks, ...). plot_stream accepts the PNSN keys time_abs and time_rel_s, so do not discard or re-filter valid PNSN picks into an empty plotting list. Do not convert fresh PNSN picks with legacy text-file fields such as phase_name/absolute_time; those names are only for parsing existing PNSN text output files.

Custom picking code should implement this workflow:

1. Discover waveform files.
2. Group files into 3-component station sets.
3. Read with ObsPy.
4. Align traces to a common time window.
5. Detrend, taper, bandpass, and resample to 100 Hz.
6. Stack data as [n_samples, 3].
7. Load a TorchScript picker with torch.jit.load.
8. Run inference under torch.no_grad().
9. Convert sample indices to relative and absolute times.
10. Save a CSV/text pick table.
11. Generate a waveform figure with vertical pick markers.
12. Print [SAGE_TEST] and file paths.

Prefer writing all outputs to SAGE_OUTDIR when available:

import os
from pathlib import Path

OUTDIR = Path(os.environ.get("SAGE_OUTDIR", "outputs/pnsn_phase_detection"))
OUTDIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
PNSN_ROOT = Path("seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn")
if not (PNSN_ROOT / "picker.py").exists():
    raise FileNotFoundError(
        "Missing skill-local pnsn/. Run: git clone https://github.com/cangyeone/pnsn.git "
        "seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn"
    )

Component Discovery Pattern

When writing custom code, do not assume exact filenames unless the user gives them. Search common waveform suffixes and group by station/time key.

from pathlib import Path
from collections import defaultdict
import re

def discover_waveforms(root):
    root = Path(root).expanduser()
    suffixes = {".sac", ".SAC", ".mseed", ".MSEED", ".seed", ".SEED", ".miniseed"}
    return [p for p in root.rglob("*") if p.is_file() and p.suffix in suffixes]

def component_of(path):
    name = path.name.upper()
    # Handles BHE/BHN/BHZ, HHE/HHN/HHZ, E/N/Z endings.
    for comp in ["BHE", "BHN", "BHZ", "HHE", "HHN", "HHZ", "EHE", "EHN", "EHZ"]:
        if comp in name:
            return comp[-1]
    m = re.search(r"([ENZ])(?:\.[^.]+)?$", name)
    return m.group(1) if m else None

def station_key(path):
    parts = path.name.split(".")
    # Default SAGE/PNSN style: NET.STA.LOC.CHN...
    if len(parts) >= 4:
        return ".".join(parts[:3])
    return path.parent.name

def group_three_components(files):
    groups = defaultdict(dict)
    for p in files:
        comp = component_of(p)
        if comp:
            groups[station_key(p)][comp] = p
    return {k: v for k, v in groups.items() if {"E", "N", "Z"} <= set(v)}

If no 3-component group is found, print a clear diagnostic with example filenames and recommend updating grouping logic or seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/config/picker.py.

Robust Custom Picker Template

Use this as the default pattern when coding the picking workflow yourself. Adapt DATA_ROOT when the user provides a path.

import os
from pathlib import Path
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import torch
import obspy
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

OUTDIR = Path(os.environ.get("SAGE_OUTDIR", "outputs/pnsn_phase_detection"))
OUTDIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
DATA_ROOT = Path("/path/to/waveforms")
PNSN_ROOT = Path("seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn")
if not (PNSN_ROOT / "picker.py").exists():
    raise FileNotFoundError(
        "Missing skill-local pnsn/. Run: git clone https://github.com/cangyeone/pnsn.git "
        "seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn"
    )
MODEL_PATH = PNSN_ROOT / "pickers" / "pnsn.v3.jit"
DEVICE = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
PHASE_NAMES = {0: "Pg", 1: "Sg", 2: "Pn", 3: "Sn"}

def prepare_stream(paths, target_rate=100.0):
    st = obspy.Stream()
    for p in paths:
        st += obspy.read(str(p))
    st.merge(method=1, fill_value="interpolate")
    st.detrend("demean")
    st.detrend("linear")
    st.taper(0.02)
    st.filter("bandpass", freqmin=1.0, freqmax=10.0, corners=4, zerophase=True)
    if abs(st[0].stats.sampling_rate - target_rate) > 1e-6:
        st.resample(target_rate)
    start = max(tr.stats.starttime for tr in st)
    end = min(tr.stats.endtime for tr in st)
    if end <= start:
        raise ValueError("No overlapping time window among three components")
    st.trim(start, end, pad=False)
    return st

def stream_to_array(st):
    comp_map = {}
    for tr in st:
        ch = tr.stats.channel.upper()
        if ch.endswith("E"): comp_map["E"] = tr
        elif ch.endswith("N"): comp_map["N"] = tr
        elif ch.endswith("Z"): comp_map["Z"] = tr
    missing = {"E", "N", "Z"} - set(comp_map)
    if missing:
        raise ValueError(f"Missing components: {sorted(missing)}")
    n = min(len(comp_map[c].data) for c in ["E", "N", "Z"])
    x = np.stack([comp_map[c].data[:n] for c in ["E", "N", "Z"]], axis=1)
    return x.astype(np.float32), comp_map["Z"].stats.starttime, comp_map["Z"].stats.sampling_rate

def run_picker(x, model):
    with torch.no_grad():
        picks = model(torch.tensor(x, dtype=torch.float32, device=DEVICE)).cpu().numpy()
    rows = []
    for phase_type, sample, confidence in picks:
        rows.append({
            "phase": PHASE_NAMES.get(int(phase_type), str(int(phase_type))),
            "sample": int(sample),
            "relative_time_s": float(sample) / 100.0,
            "confidence": float(confidence),
        })
    return rows

model = torch.jit.load(str(MODEL_PATH), map_location=DEVICE).to(DEVICE).eval()
files = discover_waveforms(DATA_ROOT)
groups = group_three_components(files)
print(f"[INFO] found_files={len(files)} three_component_groups={len(groups)}")

all_rows = []
for station, comps in sorted(groups.items()):
    try:
        paths = [comps["E"], comps["N"], comps["Z"]]
        st = prepare_stream(paths)
        x, starttime, fs = stream_to_array(st)
        rows = run_picker(x, model)
        for r in rows:
            r["station"] = station
            r["absolute_time"] = str(starttime + r["relative_time_s"])
            r["model"] = str(MODEL_PATH)
        all_rows.extend(rows)

        if rows:
            fig_path = OUTDIR / f"{station.replace('.', '_')}_picks.png"
            t = np.arange(len(x)) / fs
            plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))
            plt.plot(t, x[:, 2], color="0.25", lw=0.8)
            for r in rows:
                color = {"Pg": "tab:red", "Sg": "tab:blue", "Pn": "tab:green", "Sn": "black"}.get(r["phase"], "black")
                plt.axvline(r["relative_time_s"], color=color, alpha=0.85)
                plt.text(r["relative_time_s"], np.nanmax(x[:, 2]), r["phase"], color=color, rotation=90, va="top")
            plt.title(f"PNSN picks: {station}")
            plt.xlabel("Time (s)")
            plt.ylabel("Z amplitude")
            plt.tight_layout()
            plt.savefig(fig_path, dpi=200)
            plt.close()
            print(f"[FIGURE] {fig_path}")
    except Exception as exc:
        print(f"[WARN] station={station} skipped: {exc}")

pick_table = OUTDIR / "pnsn_picks.csv"
pd.DataFrame(all_rows).to_csv(pick_table, index=False)
print(f"[SAGE_TEST] pnsn custom picker finished: stations={len(groups)} picks={len(all_rows)}")
print(f"[SAGE_TEST] pick_table={pick_table}")

The template references discover_waveforms and group_three_components; include those helper functions in the actual generated script.

Mini-Tests for Self-Debugging

When generating custom code, add small tests before full execution:

def _mini_test_grouping():
    fake = [
        Path("X1.53085.01.BHE.D.2012.sac"),
        Path("X1.53085.01.BHN.D.2012.sac"),
        Path("X1.53085.01.BHZ.D.2012.sac"),
    ]
    groups = group_three_components(fake)
    assert len(groups) == 1, groups
    assert {"E", "N", "Z"} <= set(next(iter(groups.values())))

_mini_test_grouping()
print("[SAGE_TEST] grouping mini-test passed")

Also check:

• model path exists before loading;
• at least one waveform file is found;
• at least one 3-component group is formed;
• sampling rate after preprocessing is 100 Hz;
• output table exists even if zero picks are found.

Default Tool Choice

Prefer the TorchScript pnsn v3 picker for most tasks:

python seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/picker.py \
  -i /path/to/waveforms \
  -o outputs/picks/pnsn_picks \
  -m seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/pnsn.v3.jit \
  -d cpu

Use seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/pnsn.v3.diff.jit when the user wants the paper differential-input model or when high-frequency transients are important. Use seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/pnsn.v1.jit only for legacy engineering compatibility.

For GPU, set -d cuda:0; otherwise use -d cpu for safer local execution.

Required Input Format

The picker expects one station to have exactly three synchronized components in the same directory.

Typical assumptions:

• sampling rate: 100 Hz;
• channels: E/N/Z, commonly BHE/BHN/BHZ;
• waveform extensions: usually .sac, .mseed, .seed;
• one station group should not mix many time segments in the same directory unless config/picker.py has been adapted.

Before running, inspect a few filenames and update seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/config/picker.py if needed:

class Parameter:
    nchannel = 3
    samplerate = 100
    filenametag = ".sac"
    namekeyindex = [0, 1]
    channelindex = 3
    chnames = [["BHE", "BHN", "BHZ"]]
    prob = 0.3
    nmslen = 1000
    bandpass = [1, 10]
    ifplot = False

Critical checks:

• filenametag must match the actual file suffix.
• channelindex must point to the filename token containing the component name.
• namekeyindex should identify the station grouping tokens.
• chnames must match the component triplets in the data.
• If the data are not 100 Hz, resample before picking or adapt the workflow carefully.

Output Format

seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/picker.py writes three files using the -o prefix:

• <output>.txt: phase picks;
• <output>.log: processed data log;
• <output>.err: problematic files or skipped data.

Pick file format:

# path/to/file
phase_name,relative_time_s,confidence,absolute_time,SNR,AMP,station,extra

For TorchScript direct inference, model output is:

[[phase_type, relative_sample, confidence], ...]

Phase mapping for pnsn Pg/Sg/Pn/Sn models:

• 0: Pg
• 1: Sg
• 2: Pn
• 3: Sn

Convert sample index to seconds with relative_sample / sampling_rate.

Direct TorchScript Inference Pattern

Use this when the user gives one 3-component station waveform and wants a focused result or figure.

from pathlib import Path
import numpy as np
import torch
import obspy
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

PNSN_ROOT = Path("seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn")
if not (PNSN_ROOT / "picker.py").exists():
    raise FileNotFoundError(
        "Missing skill-local pnsn/. Run: git clone https://github.com/cangyeone/pnsn.git "
        "seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn"
    )
model_path = PNSN_ROOT / "pickers" / "pnsn.v3.jit"
device = torch.device("cpu")
model = torch.jit.load(str(model_path), map_location=device).eval()

tr_e = obspy.read("STA.BHE.sac")[0]
tr_n = obspy.read("STA.BHN.sac")[0]
tr_z = obspy.read("STA.BHZ.sac")[0]

st = obspy.Stream([tr_e, tr_n, tr_z])
st.detrend("demean")
st.detrend("linear")
st.taper(0.02)
st.filter("bandpass", freqmin=1.0, freqmax=10.0, corners=4, zerophase=True)
if abs(st[0].stats.sampling_rate - 100.0) > 1e-6:
    st.resample(100.0)

x = np.stack([st[0].data, st[1].data, st[2].data], axis=1).astype(np.float32)

with torch.no_grad():
    picks = model(torch.tensor(x, dtype=torch.float32, device=device)).cpu().numpy()

phase_names = {0: "Pg", 1: "Sg", 2: "Pn", 3: "Sn"}
for phase_type, sample, confidence in picks:
    print(phase_names.get(int(phase_type), str(int(phase_type))),
          float(sample) / 100.0,
          float(confidence))

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))
t = np.arange(len(x)) / 100.0
plt.plot(t, x[:, 2], lw=0.8, color="0.25")
for phase_type, sample, confidence in picks:
    color = {0: "tab:red", 1: "tab:blue", 2: "tab:green", 3: "black"}.get(int(phase_type), "black")
    plt.axvline(float(sample) / 100.0, color=color, alpha=0.8,
                label=f"{phase_names.get(int(phase_type), int(phase_type))} {confidence:.2f}")
plt.xlabel("Time (s)")
plt.ylabel("Amplitude")
plt.title("PNSN phase picks")
plt.legend(loc="upper right")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("pnsn_phase_picks.png", dpi=200)
print("[FIGURE] pnsn_phase_picks.png")
print("[SAGE_TEST] pnsn phase picking finished")

Always include a small self-check in generated code:

• print number of waveforms loaded;
• print sampling rate and component names;
• print number of picks;
• write [SAGE_TEST] on success;
• emit [FIGURE] path for generated figures.

Batch Picking Workflow

Use this when the user asks to monitor a directory or process many stations.

1. Inspect the waveform directory:

find /path/to/waveforms -maxdepth 2 -type f | head

2. Adjust seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/config/picker.py if suffix, channel names, or filename token indices differ.

3. Run picker:

mkdir -p outputs/pnsn
python seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/picker.py \
  -i /path/to/waveforms \
  -o outputs/pnsn/picks \
  -m seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/pnsn.v3.jit \
  -d cpu

4. Verify:

wc -l outputs/pnsn/picks.txt
tail -20 outputs/pnsn/picks.log
tail -20 outputs/pnsn/picks.err

Report how many picks were produced and whether any files were skipped.

Event Association

After picking, associate phases into earthquake events if the user asks for monitoring, catalog building, event detection, or earthquake location.

Station file format for FastLink:

NET STA LOC longitude latitude elevation
SC AXX 00 110.00 38.00 1000.00

FastLink:

python seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/fastlinker.py \
  -i outputs/pnsn/picks.txt \
  -o outputs/pnsn/events_fastlink.txt \
  -s /path/to/stations.txt \
  -d cpu

REAL:

python seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/reallinker.py \
  -i outputs/pnsn/picks.txt \
  -o outputs/pnsn/events_real \
  -s /path/to/stations.txt

GaMMA:

python seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/gammalink.py \
  -i outputs/pnsn/picks.txt \
  -o outputs/pnsn/events_gamma.txt \
  -s /path/to/stations.txt \
  -d cpu

Prefer FastLink for quick monitoring workflows, REAL for classical association/location-style workflows, and GaMMA when probabilistic association is requested.

Model Selection

• seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/pnsn.v3.jit: default Pg/Sg/Pn/Sn picker.
• seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/pnsn.v3.diff.jit: differential-input pnsn v3 model.
• seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/pnsn.v1.jit: legacy engineering model.
• seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/phasenet.jit: fast Pg/Sg-style PhaseNet picker.
• seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/eqtransformer.stead.jit: EQTransformer-style picker.
• seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/rnn.jit: RNN picker, useful for high-recall Pg/Sg workflows.
• seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/pickers/lppnt.jit, lppnm.jit, lppnl.jit: lightweight LPPN variants.

Do not use tele.jit as the default teleseismic picker. Prefer the pnsn family for a unified local/regional/distant workflow unless the user explicitly asks for the tele model.

Common Failure Modes

• No picks: check sampling rate, component order, channel names, and bandpass settings; try pnsn.v3.diff.jit or lower the threshold for ONNX workflows.
• Many skipped stations: fewer or more than three components are present in each station directory; reorganize files or update config/picker.py.
• CUDA error: rerun with -d cpu.
• Poor grouping: namekeyindex or channelindex does not match filename tokens.
• Need probability traces: use ONNX models and external post-processing instead of .jit.
• FastLink asks about existing temporary files: remove fastdata/ or handle the prompt before running unattended.

Response Expectations

When using this skill, the assistant should provide:

• the exact model path used;
• the waveform directory or files processed;
• any configuration changes made to seismo_skill/skills/pnsn_phase_detection/pnsn/config/picker.py;
• command or Python script executed;
• number of picks/events generated;
• paths to .txt, .log, .err, figures, and associated event catalogs;
• warnings about skipped files, sampling rate mismatch, or missing components.