Motion to Dismiss
Draft a Rule 12(b) motion attacking the legal sufficiency of a complaint or the court's authority, structured for filing.
Prerequisites
Collect before drafting:
- Complaint — full text, all counts identified
- Jurisdiction — federal/state, division, local rules, page/formatting limits
- Case info — court name, docket number, party names as captioned
- Grounds — which 12(b) subsection(s) apply
- Referenced documents — contracts or public records central to the complaint
Drafting Workflow
Step 1: Caption
Format per local rules. Include court (full name, division, location), parties (as captioned), docket number, and title: "Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(__)."
Step 2: Introduction
- Identify the moving party and specific 12(b) ground(s)
- State whether seeking dismissal of entire complaint or specific counts
- Provide a one-paragraph argument roadmap
12(b) grounds reference:
| Rule |
Ground |
| 12(b)(1) |
Lack of subject matter jurisdiction |
| 12(b)(2) |
Lack of personal jurisdiction |
| 12(b)(3) |
Improper venue |
| 12(b)(4) |
Insufficient process |
| 12(b)(5) |
Insufficient service of process |
| 12(b)(6) |
Failure to state a claim |
| 12(b)(7) |
Failure to join a required party |
Step 3: Statement of Facts
- Recite complaint facts — neutral tone, strategic emphasis
- For 12(b)(6): confine to the four corners plus documents incorporated by reference, public records, and documents central to plaintiff's claim
- Highlight gaps, conclusory allegations, and omissions
- Organize chronologically or thematically to expose deficiencies
- No argumentative characterization
Step 4: Legal Standard
Tailor to the ground(s) asserted:
- 12(b)(6): Plausibility standard under Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 (2007) and Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 (2009). Accept factual allegations as true; strip legal conclusions, then assess plausibility of remaining content.
- 12(b)(1): Distinguish facial vs. factual attack. Plaintiff bears the burden of establishing jurisdiction.
- 12(b)(2): Analyze under forum state long-arm statute + due process. Distinguish specific vs. general jurisdiction per Daimler AG v. Bauman, 571 U.S. 117 (2014).
Step 5: Argument
Use Roman-numeral or lettered headings, one per ground or deficient element. For each:
- Quote the complaint's specific deficient allegations
- Identify the legal element not plausibly pled
- Cite controlling circuit/state authority with analogous dismissals
- Distinguish anticipated contrary authority
- For element-based claims: track each element systematically
Step 6: Conclusion & Prayer for Relief
Synthesize without repeating arguments. Specify relief:
| Relief |
When appropriate |
| With prejudice |
Amendment would be futile |
| Without prejudice |
Curable pleading defects |
| More definite statement (12(e)) |
Complaint too vague to respond to (alternative) |
Include request for costs/fees if statute authorizes, plus "any other relief the Court deems just and proper."
Step 7: Signature Block & Certificate of Service
- Signature: Attorney name, bar number, firm, address, phone, email. Pro se: name, address, "Pro Se."
- Certificate: Service method (CM/ECF, email, mail), date, all parties served. Account for FRCP 6(d) (+3 days for mail).
Pitfalls & Checks
- 12(b)(6) constraint: Never rely on facts outside complaint, incorporated documents, or public records
- Formatting: Verify local rules for font, margins, spacing, page limits before finalizing
- Citations: Bluebook format; verify every case citation is current
- Strategy: Lead with strongest ground; jurisdictional arguments precede merits
- TOC/TOA: Required by some local rules or when motion exceeds 10 pages
- E-filing: Ensure text-searchable PDF with bookmarks if court requires
1---2name: motion-to-dismiss3description: Drafts FRCP 12(b) motions to dismiss for commercial litigation. Triggers on requests to draft motions to dismiss, 12(b)(6) motions, jurisdictional challenges, venue motions, or pre-answer dispositive motions during the pleadings phase.4---5
6# Motion to Dismiss
7
8Draft a Rule 12(b) motion attacking the legal sufficiency of a complaint or the court's authority, structured for filing.
9
10## Prerequisites
11
12Collect before drafting:
13
141. **Complaint** — full text, all counts identified
152. **Jurisdiction** — federal/state, division, local rules, page/formatting limits
163. **Case info** — court name, docket number, party names as captioned
174. **Grounds** — which 12(b) subsection(s) apply
185. **Referenced documents** — contracts or public records central to the complaint
19
20## Drafting Workflow
21
22### Step 1: Caption
23
24Format per local rules. Include court (full name, division, location), parties (as captioned), docket number, and title: "Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(__)."
25
26### Step 2: Introduction
27
28- Identify the moving party and specific 12(b) ground(s)
29- State whether seeking dismissal of entire complaint or specific counts
30- Provide a one-paragraph argument roadmap
31
32**12(b) grounds reference:**
33
34| Rule | Ground |
35|---|---|
36| 12(b)(1) | Lack of subject matter jurisdiction |
37| 12(b)(2) | Lack of personal jurisdiction |
38| 12(b)(3) | Improper venue |
39| 12(b)(4) | Insufficient process |
40| 12(b)(5) | Insufficient service of process |
41| 12(b)(6) | Failure to state a claim |
42| 12(b)(7) | Failure to join a required party |
43
44### Step 3: Statement of Facts
45
46- Recite complaint facts — neutral tone, strategic emphasis
47- For 12(b)(6): confine to the four corners plus documents incorporated by reference, public records, and documents central to plaintiff's claim
48- Highlight gaps, conclusory allegations, and omissions
49- Organize chronologically or thematically to expose deficiencies
50- No argumentative characterization
51
52### Step 4: Legal Standard
53
54Tailor to the ground(s) asserted:
55
56- **12(b)(6):** Plausibility standard under *Twombly*, 550 U.S. 544 (2007) and *Iqbal*, 556 U.S. 662 (2009). Accept factual allegations as true; strip legal conclusions, then assess plausibility of remaining content.
57- **12(b)(1):** Distinguish facial vs. factual attack. Plaintiff bears the burden of establishing jurisdiction.
58- **12(b)(2):** Analyze under forum state long-arm statute + due process. Distinguish specific vs. general jurisdiction per *Daimler AG v. Bauman*, 571 U.S. 117 (2014).
59
60### Step 5: Argument
61
62Use Roman-numeral or lettered headings, one per ground or deficient element. For each:
63
64- Quote the complaint's specific deficient allegations
65- Identify the legal element not plausibly pled
66- Cite controlling circuit/state authority with analogous dismissals
67- Distinguish anticipated contrary authority
68- For element-based claims: track each element systematically
69
70### Step 6: Conclusion & Prayer for Relief
71
72Synthesize without repeating arguments. Specify relief:
73
74| Relief | When appropriate |
75|---|---|
76| With prejudice | Amendment would be futile |
77| Without prejudice | Curable pleading defects |
78| More definite statement (12(e)) | Complaint too vague to respond to (alternative) |
79
80Include request for costs/fees if statute authorizes, plus "any other relief the Court deems just and proper."
81
82### Step 7: Signature Block & Certificate of Service
83
84- **Signature:** Attorney name, bar number, firm, address, phone, email. Pro se: name, address, "Pro Se."
85- **Certificate:** Service method (CM/ECF, email, mail), date, all parties served. Account for FRCP 6(d) (+3 days for mail).
86
87## Pitfalls & Checks
88
89- **12(b)(6) constraint:** Never rely on facts outside complaint, incorporated documents, or public records
90- **Formatting:** Verify local rules for font, margins, spacing, page limits before finalizing
91- **Citations:** Bluebook format; verify every case citation is current
92- **Strategy:** Lead with strongest ground; jurisdictional arguments precede merits
93- **TOC/TOA:** Required by some local rules or when motion exceeds 10 pages
94- **E-filing:** Ensure text-searchable PDF with bookmarks if court requires
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