claude-dev-suite Stratum V1
The dominant protocol between pool servers and mining hardware (ASIC). Plain TCP, line-based JSON-RPC. Ad-hoc spec; no formal RFC.
Connection
[Miner] ──── TCP connect ────► [Pool]
──── mining.subscribe ──►
◄── subscription_id ────
──── mining.authorize ─►
◄── true ─────────────
◄── mining.set_difficulty ─
◄── mining.notify ────────
──── mining.submit ────►
◄── true ─────────────
Key methods
mining.subscribe
Initial handshake. Miner gets:
extranonce1— pool-specific session prefix.extranonce2_size— bytes the miner controls in coinbase.
mining.authorize
Miner sends username (typically wallet_address.worker_name).
mining.set_difficulty
Pool tells miner the share difficulty. Lower than actual block difficulty so miners find shares frequently and pool can track contribution.
mining.notify (push)
[
"<job_id>",
"<prev_hash>",
"<coinbase_part_1>",
"<coinbase_part_2>",
[<merkle_branches>],
"<version>",
"<nbits>",
"<ntime>",
<clean_jobs> // boolean
]
Miner builds:
coinbase = part1 || extranonce1 || extranonce2 || part2.coinbase_hash = SHA256d(coinbase).merkle_root = merge(coinbase_hash, merkle_branches).header = version || prev_hash || merkle_root || ntime || nbits || nonce.- Iterate
noncelooking for hash ≤ target. - Periodically iterate
extranonce2too.
mining.submit
When miner finds valid share:
mining.submit(["<worker>", "<job_id>", "<extranonce2>", "<ntime>", "<nonce>"])
Pool verifies; rewards miner per share.
Pool decides everything
The fundamental issue: pool constructs the coinbase (including which transactions to include in the block). Miner just hashes what the pool sends. This means:
- Miner has no control over which txs are mined.
- Pool can censor txs.
- Miner can be tricked into signing for a different reward script.
Pool fraud risks
- Pool could lie about share difficulty (rare but possible).
- Pool could withhold rewards (very rare; reputation-driven).
- Pool could censor txs (sometimes done; OFAC compliance scenarios).
Miner endpoint config
stratum+tcp://pool.example.com:3333
username: <wallet>.<worker>
password: anything (typically "x")
Status
- Dominant: ~99% of pools and ASICs use Stratum V1.
- Aging: clear weaknesses; Stratum V2 designed to replace.
- Compatibility: every ASIC/pool understands V1.