Jest

Jest Core Knowledge

Deep Knowledge: Use mcp__documentation__fetch_docs with technology: jest for comprehensive documentation.

When NOT to Use This Skill

• E2E Testing - Use playwright or cypress for browser automation
• Vite Projects - Use vitest which is faster and Vite-native
• Component Testing Alone - Combine with testing-library for React/Vue components
• API Integration Tests - Use framework-specific skills (spring-boot-integration, etc.)

Basic Test

describe('UserService', () => {
  let service: UserService;

  beforeEach(() => {
    service = new UserService();
  });

  afterEach(() => {
    jest.clearAllMocks();
  });

  it('should create user', async () => {
    const user = await service.create({ name: 'John' });
    expect(user.name).toBe('John');
  });
});

Mocking

// Mock function
const mockFn = jest.fn();
mockFn.mockReturnValue(42);
mockFn.mockResolvedValue({ data: [] });

// Mock module
jest.mock('./api', () => ({
  fetchUsers: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([])
}));

// Spy
const spy = jest.spyOn(console, 'log');
expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('message');

// Mock implementation
mockFn.mockImplementation((x) => x * 2);

Matchers

// Same as Vitest, Jest-compatible
expect(value).toBe(exact);
expect(value).toEqual(deepEqual);
expect(obj).toMatchObject({ name: 'John' });
expect(arr).toContainEqual({ id: 1 });

Snapshots

it('should match snapshot', () => {
  const component = render(<UserCard user={user} />);
  expect(component).toMatchSnapshot();
});

it('should match inline snapshot', () => {
  expect(formatDate(date)).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`"2024-01-15"`);
});

Async Testing

it('should resolve', async () => {
  await expect(fetchData()).resolves.toEqual({ data: [] });
});

it('should reject', async () => {
  await expect(fetchFail()).rejects.toThrow('Error');
});

Config

// jest.config.js
module.exports = {
  testEnvironment: 'jsdom',
  setupFilesAfterEnv: ['<rootDir>/jest.setup.ts'],
  moduleNameMapper: { '^@/(.*)$': '<rootDir>/src/$1' }
};

Production Readiness

Test Organization

// Isolated tests with proper setup/teardown
describe('OrderService', () => {
  let service: OrderService;
  let mockRepository: jest.Mocked<OrderRepository>;

  beforeEach(() => {
    mockRepository = {
      findById: jest.fn(),
      save: jest.fn(),
      delete: jest.fn(),
    } as jest.Mocked<OrderRepository>;

    service = new OrderService(mockRepository);
  });

  afterEach(() => {
    jest.clearAllMocks();
  });

  describe('processOrder', () => {
    it('should process valid order', async () => {
      // Arrange
      const order = createTestOrder({ status: 'pending' });
      mockRepository.findById.mockResolvedValue(order);
      mockRepository.save.mockResolvedValue({ ...order, status: 'processed' });

      // Act
      const result = await service.processOrder(order.id);

      // Assert
      expect(result.status).toBe('processed');
      expect(mockRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
        expect.objectContaining({ status: 'processed' })
      );
    });
  });
});

Coverage Configuration

// jest.config.js
module.exports = {
  collectCoverageFrom: [
    'src/**/*.{ts,tsx}',
    '!src/**/*.d.ts',
    '!src/**/index.ts',
    '!src/**/*.stories.tsx',
  ],
  coverageThreshold: {
    global: {
      branches: 75,
      functions: 80,
      lines: 80,
      statements: 80,
    },
  },
  coverageReporters: ['text', 'lcov', 'html'],
};

CI Integration

# GitHub Actions
- name: Run tests
  run: npm test -- --ci --coverage --reporters=default --reporters=jest-junit
  env:
    JEST_JUNIT_OUTPUT_DIR: ./reports

- name: Upload coverage
  uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3

// package.json
{
  "scripts": {
    "test": "jest",
    "test:ci": "jest --ci --coverage --maxWorkers=2",
    "test:watch": "jest --watch"
  }
}

Performance Optimization

// jest.config.js - Speed up tests
module.exports = {
  // Run tests in parallel
  maxWorkers: '50%',

  // Cache transformations
  cacheDirectory: '<rootDir>/.jest-cache',

  // Only run affected tests
  onlyChanged: true,

  // Fail fast in CI
  bail: process.env.CI ? 1 : 0,
};

Monitoring Metrics

Checklist

• Arrange-Act-Assert pattern
• Isolated tests (no shared state)
• Coverage thresholds enforced
• CI/CD integration with reporting
• jest.clearAllMocks() in afterEach
• Meaningful test descriptions
• Async tests properly awaited
• Snapshot tests reviewed
• Test data factories
• Error scenarios covered

Anti-Patterns

Quick Troubleshooting

Reference Documentation

• Mocking
• Snapshots