IOS State Management

iOS State Management Standards

Priority: P0

Implementation Guidelines

Combine (Reactive States)

• Publishers: Use @Published for standard state in ViewModels. Use PassthroughSubject for one-time navigation or alert events.
• Memory Management: Store subscriptions in a Set<AnyCancellable>. Use .store(in: &cancellables) to prevent memory leaks and ensure they are cleared on deinit.
• Operators: Use specific operators like .debounce, .filter, .map, and .flatMap to handle complex input streams.
• Schedulers: Always ensure UI property updates occur on the main thread using @MainActor or .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main).

Observation Framework (iOS 17+)

• @Observable: Use the @Observable macro for modern, high-performance observation in SwiftUI.
• State Properties: In SwiftUI views, use @Bindable for two-way bindings with @Observable objects.
• Namespaces: Use @Namespace for match-geometry animations and coordinate space tracking.

Unidirectional Data Flow (UDF)

• Input/Output: ViewModels should expose an Input enum (events) and Output struct (state) to enforce a clear data direction.
• ViewState: Prefer a single, exhaustive ViewState enum (e.g., .loading, .success(data), .error(failure)).

Anti-Patterns

• No uncleared subscriptions: Always use .store(in: &cancellables).
• No UI updates on background: Use .receive(on: .main).
• No manual objectWillChange: Use @Published or @Observable.

References

• Combine & Observation Setup