cyberstrikeus T1176.002 IDE Extensions
Sub-technique of: T1176
High-Level Description
Adversaries may abuse an integrated development environment (IDE) extension to establish persistent access to victim systems. IDEs such as Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ IDEA, and Eclipse support extensions - software components that add features like code linting, auto-completion, task automation, or integration with tools like Git and Docker. A malicious extension can be installed through an extension marketplace (i.e., Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools) or side-loaded directly into the IDE.
In addition to installing malicious extensions, adversaries may also leverage benign ones. For example, adversaries may establish persistent SSH tunnels via the use of the VSCode Remote SSH extension (i.e., IDE Tunneling).
Trust is typically established through the installation process; once installed, the malicious extension is run every time that the IDE is launched. The extension can then be used to execute arbitrary code, establish a backdoor, mine cryptocurrency, or exfiltrate data.
Kill Chain Phase
- Persistence (TA0003)
Platforms: Linux, macOS, Windows
What to Check
- Identify if IDE Extensions technique is applicable to target environment
- Check Linux systems for indicators of IDE Extensions
- Check macOS systems for indicators of IDE Extensions
- Check Windows systems for indicators of IDE Extensions
- Verify mitigations are bypassed or absent (5 known mitigations)
- Assess detection coverage (1 detection strategies)
How to Test
Manual Testing
Identify Attack Surface: Determine if the target environment is susceptible to IDE Extensions by examining the target platforms (Linux, macOS, Windows).
Assess Existing Defenses: Review whether mitigations for T1176.002 are in place. If defenses are absent or misconfigured, this technique may be exploitable.
Execute Test: Use tools and methods described in the MITRE ATT&CK page and external references below.
Note: No Atomic Red Team tests available for this technique. See Atomic Red Team GitHub for updates.
Remediation Guide
M1038 Execution Prevention
Set an IDE extension allow or deny list as appropriate for your security policy.
M1051 Update Software
Ensure operating systems and IDEs are using the most current version.
M1047 Audit
Ensure extensions that are installed are the intended ones, as many malicious extensions may masquerade as legitimate ones.
M1033 Limit Software Installation
Only install IDE extensions from trusted sources that can be verified.
M1017 User Training
Train users to minimize IDE extension use, and to only install trusted extensions.
Detection
Detect malicious IDE extension install/usage and IDE tunneling
Risk Assessment
| Finding | Severity | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| IDE Extensions technique applicable | High | Persistence |
CWE Categories
| CWE ID | Title |
|---|---|
| CWE-276 | Incorrect Default Permissions |