React

When using shadcn/ui in a React project, read references/shadcn-ui.md for component acquisition, customization, and generated-file handling patterns.

1. Minimize useEffect Usage

Think harder before adding useEffect. Most scenarios have better alternatives:

Data transformation for rendering:

• ❌ Don't: Use Effect to compute derived state
• ✅ Do: Calculate during render at top level

// ❌ Bad: Cascading updates
const [filteredItems, setFilteredItems] = useState<Item[]>([]);
useEffect(() => {
  setFilteredItems(items.filter(item => item.active));
}, [items]);

// ✅ Good: Direct computation
const filteredItems = items.filter(item => item.active);

Handling user events:

• ❌ Don't: Use Effect to respond to user actions
• ✅ Do: Handle logic in event handlers

// ❌ Bad: Lost interaction context
useEffect(() => {
  if (buttonClicked) {
    submitForm();
  }
}, [buttonClicked]);

// ✅ Good: Explicit intent
const handleSubmit = () => {
  submitForm();
};

Caching expensive computations:

• ❌ Don't: Store computed results in state via Effects
• ✅ Do: Use useMemo

// ❌ Bad: Manual memoization
const [expensiveResult, setExpensiveResult] = useState<Result | null>(null);
useEffect(() => {
  setExpensiveResult(computeExpensiveValue(data));
}, [data]);

// ✅ Good: useMemo
const expensiveResult = useMemo(() => computeExpensiveValue(data), [data]);

Resetting state on prop changes:

• ❌ Don't: Use Effect to reset state
• ✅ Do: Use key prop to force remount

// ❌ Bad: Manual synchronization
useEffect(() => {
  setLocalState(defaultValue);
}, [userId]);

// ✅ Good: Key-based reset
<Profile key={userId} userId={userId} />

Only use Effects for:

1. Synchronizing with external systems (browser APIs, third-party widgets)
2. Data fetching with proper cleanup (avoid race conditions)
3. Subscriptions (prefer useSyncExternalStore when possible)

Pattern for data fetching (if not using query client):

useEffect(() => {
  let ignore = false;

  async function fetchData() {
    const result = await api.getData();
    if (!ignore) {
      setData(result);
    }
  }

  fetchData();
  return () => { ignore = true; }; // Cleanup to prevent race conditions
}, [dependency]);

Always use FC type annotation:

import { FC, PropsWithChildren } from 'react';

// For components without children
type ButtonProps {
  label: string;
  onClick: () => void;
}

const Button: FC<ButtonProps> = ({ label, onClick }) => {
  return <button
};

// For components that accept children
type CardProps {
  title: string;
}

const Card: FC<PropsWithChildren<CardProps>> = ({ title, children }) => {
  return (
    <div>
      <h2>{title}</h2>
      <div>{children}</div>
    </div>
  );
};

Never use function declaration syntax:

// ❌ Bad: Avoid this style
function MyComponent(props: Props) {
  return <div />;
}

Never use fetch directly in components. Always use the project's query client.

1. Check project dependencies in package.json:

   • @apollo/client → Use Apollo Client hooks
   • @tanstack/react-query → Use Tanstack Query hooks
   • swr → Use SWR hooks

2. Search for existing usage patterns:

   • Look for useQuery, useMutation, useSWR, useApolloClient in codebase
   • Follow established patterns for consistency

3. Apply appropriate client:

const GET_USER = gql query GetUser($id: ID!) { user(id: $id) { id name email } };

const UserProfile: FC<{ userId: string }> = ({ userId }) => { const { data, loading, error } = useQuery(GET_USER, { variables: { id: userId }, });

if (loading) return ; if (error) return ;

return {data.user.name}; };

// Mutations const UPDATE_USER = gql mutation UpdateUser($id: ID!, $name: String!) { updateUser(id: $id, name: $name) { id name } };

const EditForm: FC = () => { const [updateUser, { loading }] = useMutation(UPDATE_USER);

const handleSubmit = async (values: FormValues) => { await updateUser({ variables: { id: values.id, name: values.name } }); };

return ...; };

</apollo_client>

<tanstack_query>
**Tanstack Query (REST)**:
```tsx
import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';

const UserProfile: FC<{ userId: string }> = ({ userId }) => {
  const { data, isLoading, error } = useQuery({
    queryKey: ['user', userId],
    queryFn: () => api.getUser(userId),
  });

  if (isLoading) return <Spinner />;
  if (error) return <ErrorMessage error={error} />;

  return <div>{data.name}</div>;
};

// Mutations with cache invalidation
const EditForm: FC = () => {
  const queryClient = useQueryClient();

  const mutation = useMutation({
    mutationFn: (values: FormValues) => api.updateUser(values),
    onSuccess: () => {
      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['user'] });
    },
  });

  const handleSubmit = (values: FormValues) => {
    mutation.mutate(values);
  };

  return <form
};

const UserProfile: FC<{ userId: string }> = ({ userId }) => { const { data, error, isLoading } = useSWR( /api/users/${userId}, fetcher );

if (isLoading) return ; if (error) return ;

return {data.name}; };

// Mutations const EditForm: FC = () => { const { trigger, isMutating } = useSWRMutation( '/api/users', updateUser );

const handleSubmit = async (values: FormValues) => { await trigger(values); };

return ...; };

</swr>
</detection_workflow>

**Benefits of query clients**:
- Automatic caching and deduplication
- Loading/error state management
- Race condition handling
- Cache invalidation and refetching
- Optimistic updates support
</api_requests>
</core_principles>

<workflow>
## Implementation Workflow

1. **Before writing component**:
   - Identify data dependencies and state requirements
   - Think harder: Can state be derived instead of stored?
   - Plan event handlers before considering Effects

2. **During implementation**:
   - Define component with FC type annotation
   - Calculate derived values at top level
   - Use useMemo only for expensive computations
   - Handle user interactions in event handlers
   - Use query client hooks for API requests

3. **Effect review checklist**:
   - [ ] Is this synchronizing with an external system?
   - [ ] Could this be a calculated value instead?
   - [ ] Should this be in an event handler?
   - [ ] Am I using the right hook (useMemo, key prop)?
   - [ ] If data fetching, is query client available?

4. **If Effect is necessary**:
   - Document why Effect is required
   - Implement proper cleanup to prevent memory leaks
   - Handle race conditions for async operations
</workflow>

<anti_patterns>
## Anti-Patterns to Avoid

❌ **Chaining Effects**:
```tsx
// Bad: Effects triggering each other
useEffect(() => setB(a), [a]);
useEffect(() => setC(b), [b]);

// Good: Direct computation or single event handler
const b = computeB(a);
const c = computeC(b);

❌ Effect-based initialization:

// Bad: One-time initialization in Effect
useEffect(() => {
  setData(expensiveInit());
}, []);

// Good: useState with initializer
const [data] = useState(() => expensiveInit());

❌ Direct fetch calls:

// Bad: Manual fetch in component
useEffect(() => {
  fetch('/api/data').then(res => res.json()).then(setData);
}, []);

// Good: Use query client
const { data } = useQuery({ queryKey: ['data'], queryFn: fetchData });