Arch Performance Optimization

Performance Optimization Workflow

When to Use This Skill

• Slow API response times
• Database query optimization
• Frontend rendering issues
• Memory usage concerns
• Scalability planning

Pre-Flight Checklist

• Identify performance bottleneck
• Gather baseline metrics
• Determine acceptable thresholds
• Plan measurement approach

Performance Analysis Framework

Step 1: Identify Bottleneck Type

Performance Issue
├── Database (slow queries, N+1)
├── API (serialization, processing)
├── Network (payload size, latency)
└── Frontend (rendering, bundle size)

Step 2: Measure Baseline

# API response time
curl -w "@curl-format.txt" -o /dev/null -s "http://api/endpoint"

# Database query time (SQL Server)
SET STATISTICS TIME ON;
SELECT * FROM Table WHERE ...;

# Frontend bundle analysis
npm run build -- --stats-json
npx webpack-bundle-analyzer stats.json

Database Optimization

N+1 Query Detection

// :x: N+1 Problem
var employees = await repo.GetAllAsync();
foreach (var emp in employees)
{
    // Each iteration queries database!
    Console.WriteLine(emp.Department.Name);
}

// :white_check_mark: Eager Loading
var employees = await repo.GetAllAsync(
    e => e.CompanyId == companyId,
    ct,
    e => e.Department,      // Include Department
    e => e.Manager          // Include Manager
);

Query Optimization

// :x: Loading all columns
var employees = await repo.GetAllAsync();
var names = employees.Select(e => e.Name);

// :white_check_mark: Projection
var names = await repo.GetAllAsync(
    q => q.Where(e => e.IsActive)
          .Select(e => e.Name));

Index Recommendations

-- Frequently filtered columns
CREATE INDEX IX_Employee_CompanyId ON Employees(CompanyId);
CREATE INDEX IX_Employee_Status ON Employees(Status);

-- Composite index for common queries
CREATE INDEX IX_Employee_Company_Status
ON Employees(CompanyId, Status)
INCLUDE (FullName, Email);

-- Full-text search index
CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX ON Employees(FullName, Email);

Paging Patterns

// :x: Loading all then paging in memory
var all = await repo.GetAllAsync();
var page = all.Skip(skip).Take(take);

// :white_check_mark: Database-level paging
var page = await repo.GetAllAsync(
    (uow, q) => q
        .Where(e => e.IsActive)
        .OrderBy(e => e.Id)
        .Skip(skip)
        .Take(take));

API Optimization

Parallel Operations

// :x: Sequential
var users = await userRepo.GetAllAsync();
var companies = await companyRepo.GetAllAsync();
var settings = await settingsRepo.GetAllAsync();

// :white_check_mark: Parallel (Tuple Await)
var (users, companies, settings) = await (
    userRepo.GetAllAsync(),
    companyRepo.GetAllAsync(),
    settingsRepo.GetAllAsync()
);

Response Size

// :x: Returning entire entity
return new Result { Employee = employee };

// :white_check_mark: Return only needed fields
return new Result
{
    Id = employee.Id,
    Name = employee.FullName,
    Status = employee.Status
};

Caching

// Static data caching
private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, LookupData> _cache = new();

public async Task<LookupData> GetLookupAsync(string key)
{
    if (_cache.TryGetValue(key, out var cached))
        return cached;

    var data = await LoadFromDbAsync(key);
    _cache.TryAdd(key, data);
    return data;
}

Frontend Optimization

Bundle Size

// :x: Import entire library
import _ from 'lodash';

// :white_check_mark: Import specific functions
import { debounce } from 'lodash-es/debounce';

Lazy Loading

// :white_check_mark: Lazy load routes
const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: 'feature',
    loadChildren: () => import('./feature/feature.module')
      .then(m => m.FeatureModule)
  }
];

Change Detection

// :white_check_mark: OnPush for performance
@Component({
  changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush
})

// :white_check_mark: Track-by for lists
trackByItem = this.ngForTrackByItemProp<Item>('id');

// Template
@for (item of items; track trackByItem)

Virtual Scrolling

// For large lists
import { CdkVirtualScrollViewport } from '@angular/cdk/scrolling';

<cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport itemSize="50">
  @for (item of items; track item.id) {
    <div class="item">{{ item.name }}</div>
  }
</cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport>

Background Job Optimization

Bounded Parallelism

// :x: Unbounded
await items.ParallelAsync(ProcessAsync);

// :white_check_mark: Bounded
await items.ParallelAsync(ProcessAsync, maxConcurrent: 5);

Batch Processing

// :x: One at a time
foreach (var item in items)
    await repo.UpdateAsync(item);

// :white_check_mark: Batch update
await repo.UpdateManyAsync(items, dismissSendEvent: true);

Performance Monitoring

Logging Slow Operations

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
var result = await ExecuteOperation();
sw.Stop();

if (sw.ElapsedMilliseconds > 1000)
    Logger.LogWarning("Slow operation: {Ms}ms", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

Database Query Logging

// In DbContext configuration
optionsBuilder.LogTo(
    Console.WriteLine,
    new[] { DbLoggerCategory.Database.Command.Name },
    LogLevel.Information);

Performance Checklist

Database

• Indexes on filtered columns
• Eager loading for relations
• Projection for partial data
• Paging at database level
• No N+1 queries

API

• Parallel operations where possible
• Response DTOs (not entities)
• Caching for static data
• Pagination for lists

Frontend

• Lazy loading for routes
• OnPush change detection
• Track-by for lists
• Virtual scrolling for large lists
• Tree-shaking imports

Background Jobs

• Bounded parallelism
• Batch operations
• Paged processing
• Appropriate scheduling

Anti-Patterns to AVOID

:x: SELECT * in production

var all = await context.Table.ToListAsync();

:x: Synchronous I/O

var result = asyncOperation.Result;  // Blocks thread

:x: Unbounded result sets

await repo.GetAllAsync();  // Could be millions

:x: Repeated database calls in loops

foreach (var id in ids)
    await repo.GetByIdAsync(id);  // N queries

Verification Checklist

• Baseline metrics recorded
• Bottleneck identified and addressed
• Changes measured against baseline
• No new performance issues introduced
• Monitoring in place