Twilio Communications V2

Twilio Communications

Overview

This public intake copy packages plugins/antigravity-awesome-skills/skills/twilio-communications from https://github.com/sickn33/antigravity-awesome-skills into the native Omni Skills editorial shape without hiding its origin.

Use it when the operator needs the upstream workflow, support files, and repository context to stay intact while the public validator and private enhancer continue their normal downstream flow.

This intake keeps the copied upstream files intact and uses the external_source block in metadata.json plus ORIGIN.md as the provenance anchor for review.

Twilio Communications Build communication features with Twilio: SMS messaging, voice calls, WhatsApp Business API, and user verification (2FA). Covers the full spectrum from simple notifications to complex IVR systems and multi-channel authentication. Critical focus on compliance, rate limits, and error handling.

Imported source sections that did not map cleanly to the public headings are still preserved below or in the support files. Notable imported sections: Patterns, Sharp Edges, Track opt-out status in your database, Include opt-out instructions, Provide fallback channel, Register for A2P 10DLC (US requirement).

When to Use This Skill

Use this section as the trigger filter. It should make the activation boundary explicit before the operator loads files, runs commands, or opens a pull request.

• User mentions or implies: twilio
• User mentions or implies: send SMS
• User mentions or implies: text message
• User mentions or implies: voice call
• User mentions or implies: phone verification
• User mentions or implies: 2FA SMS

Operating Table

Workflow

This workflow is intentionally editorial and operational at the same time. It keeps the imported source useful to the operator while still satisfying the public intake standards that feed the downstream enhancer flow.

1. Confirm the user goal, the scope of the imported workflow, and whether this skill is still the right router for the task.
2. Read the overview and provenance files before loading any copied upstream support files.
3. Load only the references, examples, prompts, or scripts that materially change the outcome for the current request.
4. Execute the upstream workflow while keeping provenance and source boundaries explicit in the working notes.
5. Validate the result against the upstream expectations and the evidence you can point to in the copied files.
6. Escalate or hand off to a related skill when the work moves out of this imported workflow's center of gravity.
7. Before merge or closure, record what was used, what changed, and what the reviewer still needs to verify.

Imported Workflow Notes

Imported: Patterns

SMS Sending Pattern

Basic pattern for sending SMS messages with Twilio. Handles the fundamentals: phone number formatting, message delivery, and delivery status callbacks.

Key considerations:

• Phone numbers must be in E.164 format (+1234567890)
• Default rate limit: 80 messages per second (MPS)
• Messages over 160 characters are split (and cost more)
• Carrier filtering can block messages (especially to US numbers)

When to use: Sending notifications to users,Transactional messages (order confirmations, shipping),Alerts and reminders

from twilio.rest import Client from twilio.base.exceptions import TwilioRestException import os import re

class TwilioSMS: """ SMS sending with proper error handling and validation. """

def __init__(self):
    self.client = Client(
        os.environ["TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID"],
        os.environ["TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN"]
    )
    self.from_number = os.environ["TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER"]

def validate_e164(self, phone: str) -> bool:
    """Validate phone number is in E.164 format."""
    pattern = r'^\+[1-9]\d{1,14}$'
    return bool(re.match(pattern, phone))

def send_sms(
    self,
    to: str,
    body: str,
    status_callback: str = None
) -> dict:
    """
    Send an SMS message.

    Args:
        to: Recipient phone number in E.164 format
        body: Message text (160 chars = 1 segment)
        status_callback: URL for delivery status webhooks

    Returns:
        Message SID and status
    """
    # Validate phone number format
    if not self.validate_e164(to):
        return {
            "success": False,
            "error": "Phone number must be in E.164 format (+1234567890)"
        }

    # Check message length (warn about segmentation)
    segment_count = (len(body) + 159) // 160
    if segment_count > 1:
        print(f"Warning: Message will be sent as {segment_count} segments")

    try:
        message = self.client.messages.create(
            to=to,
            from_=self.from_number,
            body=body,
            status_callback=status_callback
        )

        return {
            "success": True,
            "message_sid": message.sid,
            "status": message.status,
            "segments": segment_count
        }

    except TwilioRestException as e:
        return self._handle_error(e)

def _handle_error(self, error: TwilioRestException) -> dict:
    """Handle Twilio-specific errors."""
    error_handlers = {
        21610: "Recipient has opted out. They must reply START.",
        21614: "Invalid 'To' phone number format.",
        21211: "'From' phone number is not valid.",
        30003: "Phone is unreachable (off, airplane mode, no signal).",
        30005: "Unknown destination (invalid number or landline).",
        30006: "Landline or unreachable carrier.",
        30429: "Rate limit exceeded. Implement exponential backoff.",
    }

    return {
        "success": False,
        "error_code": error.code,
        "error": error_handlers.get(error.code, error.msg),
        "details": str(error)
    }

Usage

sms = TwilioSMS() result = sms.send_sms( to="+14155551234", body="Your order #1234 has shipped!", status_callback="https://your-app.com/webhooks/twilio/status" )

Anti_patterns

• Not validating E.164 format before sending
• Hardcoding Twilio credentials in code
• Ignoring delivery status callbacks
• Not handling the opted-out (21610) error

Twilio Verify Pattern (2FA/OTP)

Use Twilio Verify for phone number verification and 2FA. Handles code generation, delivery, rate limiting, and fraud prevention.

Key benefits over DIY OTP:

• Twilio manages code generation and expiration
• Built-in fraud prevention (saved customers $82M+ blocking 747M attempts)
• Handles rate limiting automatically
• Multi-channel: SMS, Voice, Email, Push, WhatsApp

Google found SMS 2FA blocks "100% of automated bots, 96% of bulk phishing attacks, and 76% of targeted attacks."

When to use: User phone number verification at signup,Two-factor authentication (2FA),Password reset verification,High-value transaction confirmation

from twilio.rest import Client from twilio.base.exceptions import TwilioRestException import os from enum import Enum from typing import Optional

class VerifyChannel(Enum): SMS = "sms" CALL = "call" EMAIL = "email" WHATSAPP = "whatsapp"

class TwilioVerify: """ Phone verification with Twilio Verify. Never store OTP codes - Twilio handles it. """

def __init__(self, verify_service_sid: str = None):
    self.client = Client(
        os.environ["TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID"],
        os.environ["TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN"]
    )
    # Create a Verify Service in Twilio Console first
    self.service_sid = verify_service_sid or os.environ["TWILIO_VERIFY_SID"]

def send_verification(
    self,
    to: str,
    channel: VerifyChannel = VerifyChannel.SMS,
    locale: str = "en"
) -> dict:
    """
    Send verification code to phone/email.

    Args:
        to: Phone number (E.164) or email
        channel: SMS, call, email, or whatsapp
        locale: Language code for message

    Returns:
        Verification status
    """
    try:
        verification = self.client.verify \
            .v2 \
            .services(self.service_sid) \
            .verifications \
            .create(
                to=to,
                channel=channel.value,
                locale=locale
            )

        return {
            "success": True,
            "status": verification.status,  # "pending"
            "channel": channel.value,
            "valid": verification.valid
        }

    except TwilioRestException as e:
        return self._handle_verify_error(e)

def check_verification(self, to: str, code: str) -> dict:
    """
    Check if verification code is correct.

    Args:
        to: Phone number or email that received code
        code: The code entered by user

    Returns:
        Verification result
    """
    try:
        check = self.client.verify \
            .v2 \
            .services(self.service_sid) \
            .verification_checks \
            .create(
                to=to,
                code=code
            )

        return {
            "success": True,
            "valid": check.status == "approved",
            "status": check.status  # "approved" or "pending"
        }

    except TwilioRestException as e:
        # Code was wrong or expired
        return {
            "success": False,
            "valid": False,
            "error": str(e)
        }

def _handle_verify_error(self, error: TwilioRestException) -> dict:
    """Handle Verify-specific errors."""
    error_handlers = {
        60200: "Invalid phone number format",
        60203: "Max send attempts reached for this number",
        60205: "Service not found - check VERIFY_SID",
        60223: "Failed to create verification - carrier rejected",
    }

    return {
        "success": False,
        "error_code": error.code,
        "error": error_handlers.get(error.code, error.msg)
    }

Usage Example - Signup Flow

verify = TwilioVerify()

Step 1: User enters phone number

result = verify.send_verification("+14155551234", VerifyChannel.SMS) if result["success"]: print("Code sent! Check your phone.")

Step 2: User enters the code they received

code = "123456" # From user input check = verify.check_verification("+14155551234", code)

if check["valid"]: print("Phone verified! Create account.") else: print("Invalid code. Try again.")

Best Practice: Offer voice fallback

async def verify_with_fallback(phone: str, max_attempts: int = 3): """Verify with voice fallback if SMS fails.""" for attempt in range(max_attempts): channel = VerifyChannel.SMS if attempt == 0 else VerifyChannel.CALL result = verify.send_verification(phone, channel)

    if result["success"]:
        return result

    # If SMS failed, wait and try voice
    if channel == VerifyChannel.SMS:
        await asyncio.sleep(30)
        continue

return {"success": False, "error": "All verification attempts failed"}

Anti_patterns

• Storing OTP codes in your database (Twilio handles this)
• Not implementing rate limiting on your verify endpoint
• Using same-code retries (let Verify generate new codes)
• No fallback channel when SMS fails

TwiML IVR Pattern

Build Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems using TwiML. TwiML (Twilio Markup Language) is XML that tells Twilio what to do when receiving calls.

Core TwiML verbs:

• : Text-to-speech
• : Play audio file
• : Collect keypad/speech input
• : Connect to another number
• : Record caller's voice
• : Move to another TwiML endpoint

Key insight: Twilio makes HTTP request to your webhook, you return TwiML, Twilio executes it. Stateless, so use URL params or sessions.

When to use: Phone menu systems (press 1 for sales...),Automated customer support,Appointment reminders with confirmation,Voicemail systems

from flask import Flask, request, Response from twilio.twiml.voice_response import VoiceResponse, Gather from twilio.request_validator import RequestValidator import os

app = Flask(name)

def validate_twilio_request(f): """Decorator to validate requests are from Twilio.""" def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): validator = RequestValidator(os.environ["TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN"])

    # Get request details
    url = request.url
    params = request.form.to_dict()
    signature = request.headers.get("X-Twilio-Signature", "")

    if not validator.validate(url, params, signature):
        return "Invalid request", 403

    return f(*args, **kwargs)
wrapper.__name__ = f.__name__
return wrapper

@app.route("/voice/incoming", methods=["POST"]) @validate_twilio_request def incoming_call(): """Handle incoming call with IVR menu.""" response = VoiceResponse()

# Gather digits with timeout
gather = Gather(
    num_digits=1,
    action="/voice/menu-selection",
    method="POST",
    timeout=5
)
gather.say(
    "Welcome to Acme Corp. "
    "Press 1 for sales. "
    "Press 2 for support. "
    "Press 3 to leave a message."
)
response.append(gather)

# If no input, repeat
response.redirect("/voice/incoming")

return Response(str(response), mimetype="text/xml")

@app.route("/voice/menu-selection", methods=["POST"]) @validate_twilio_request def menu_selection(): """Route based on menu selection.""" response = VoiceResponse() digit = request.form.get("Digits", "")

if digit == "1":
    # Transfer to sales
    response.say("Connecting you to sales.")
    response.dial(os.environ["SALES_PHONE"])

elif digit == "2":
    # Transfer to support
    response.say("Connecting you to support.")
    response.dial(os.environ["SUPPORT_PHONE"])

elif digit == "3":
    # Voicemail
    response.say("Please leave a message after the beep.")
    response.record(
        action="/voice/voicemail-saved",
        max_length=120,
        transcribe=True,
        transcribe_callback="/voice/transcription"
    )

else:
    response.say("Invalid selection.")
    response.redirect("/voice/incoming")

return Response(str(response), mimetype="text/xml")

@app.route("/voice/voicemail-saved", methods=["POST"]) @validate_twilio_request def voicemail_saved(): """Handle saved voicemail.""" response = VoiceResponse()

recording_url = request.form.get("RecordingUrl")
recording_sid = request.form.get("RecordingSid")

# Save to database, notify team, etc.
print(f"Voicemail saved: {recording_url}")

response.say("Thank you. Goodbye.")
response.hangup()

return Response(str(response), mimetype="text/xml")

@app.route("/voice/transcription", methods=["POST"]) @validate_twilio_request def transcription_callback(): """Handle voicemail transcription.""" transcription = request.form.get("TranscriptionText") recording_sid = request.form.get("RecordingSid")

# Save transcription, send to Slack, etc.
print(f"Transcription: {transcription}")

return "", 200

Outbound call example

from twilio.rest import Client

def make_outbound_call(to: str, message: str): """Make outbound call with custom TwiML.""" client = Client( os.environ["TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID"], os.environ["TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN"] )

# TwiML Bin URL or your endpoint
call = client.calls.create(
    to=to,
    from_=os.environ["TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER"],
    url="https://your-app.com/voice/outbound-message",
    status_callback="https://your-app.com/voice/status"
)

return call.sid

if name == "main": app.run(debug=True)

Anti_patterns

• Not validating X-Twilio-Signature (security risk)
• Returning non-XML responses to Twilio
• Not handling timeout/no-input cases
• Hardcoding phone numbers in TwiML

WhatsApp Business API Pattern

Send and receive WhatsApp messages via Twilio API. Uses the same Twilio Messages API as SMS with minor changes.

Key WhatsApp rules:

• 24-hour session window: Can only reply within 24 hours of user message
• Template messages: Pre-approved templates for outside session window
• Opt-in required: Users must explicitly consent to receive messages
• Rate limit: 80 MPS default (up to 400 with approval)
• Character limits: Non-template 1024 chars, templates ~550 chars

When to use: Customer support with rich media,Order notifications with buttons,Marketing messages (with templates),Interactive flows (booking, surveys)

from twilio.rest import Client from twilio.base.exceptions import TwilioRestException import os from datetime import datetime, timedelta from typing import Optional

class TwilioWhatsApp: """ WhatsApp Business API via Twilio. Handles session windows and template messages. """

def __init__(self):
    self.client = Client(
        os.environ["TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID"],
        os.environ["TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN"]
    )
    # WhatsApp number format: whatsapp:+14155551234
    self.from_number = os.environ["TWILIO_WHATSAPP_NUMBER"]

def send_message(
    self,
    to: str,
    body: str,
    media_url: Optional[str] = None
) -> dict:
    """
    Send WhatsApp message within 24-hour session.

    Args:
        to: Recipient number (E.164, without whatsapp: prefix)
        body: Message text (max 1024 chars for non-template)
        media_url: Optional image/document URL

    Returns:
        Message result
    """
    # Format for WhatsApp
    to_whatsapp = f"whatsapp:{to}"
    from_whatsapp = f"whatsapp:{self.from_number}"

    try:
        message_params = {
            "to": to_whatsapp,
            "from_": from_whatsapp,
            "body": body
        }

        if media_url:
            message_params["media_url"] = [media_url]

        message = self.client.messages.create(**message_params)

        return {
            "success": True,
            "message_sid": message.sid,
            "status": message.status
        }

    except TwilioRestException as e:
        return self._handle_whatsapp_error(e)

def send_template_message(
    self,
    to: str,
    content_sid: str,
    content_variables: dict
) -> dict:
    """
    Send pre-approved template message.
    Use this for messages outside 24-hour window.

    Content templates must be approved by WhatsApp first.
    Create them in Twilio Console > Content Template Builder.
    """
    to_whatsapp = f"whatsapp:{to}"
    from_whatsapp = f"whatsapp:{self.from_number}"

    try:
        message = self.client.messages.create(
            to=to_whatsapp,
            from_=from_whatsapp,
            content_sid=content_sid,
            content_variables=content_variables
        )

        return {
            "success": True,
            "message_sid": message.sid,
            "template": True
        }

    except TwilioRestException as e:
        return self._handle_whatsapp_error(e)

def _handle_whatsapp_error(self, error: TwilioRestException) -> dict:
    """Handle WhatsApp-specific errors."""
    error_handlers = {
        63016: "Outside 24-hour window. Use template message.",
        63018: "Template not approved or doesn't exist.",
        63025: "Too many template messages sent to this user.",
        63038: "Rate limit exceeded for WhatsApp.",
    }

    return {
        "success": False,
        "error_code": error.code,
        "error": error_handlers.get(error.code, error.msg)
    }

Flask webhook for incoming WhatsApp messages

from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(name)

@app.route("/webhooks/whatsapp", methods=["POST"]) def whatsapp_webhook(): """Handle incoming WhatsApp messages.""" from_number = request.form.get("From", "").replace("whatsapp:", "") body = request.form.get("Body", "") media_url = request.form.get("MediaUrl0") # First attachment

# Track session start (24-hour window begins now)
session_start = datetime.now()
session_expires = session_start + timedelta(hours=24)

# Store in database for session tracking
# user_sessions[from_number] = session_expires

# Process message and respond
response = process_whatsapp_message(from_number, body, media_url)

# Reply within session
whatsapp = TwilioWhatsApp()
whatsapp.send_message(from_number, response)

return "", 200

def process_whatsapp_message(phone: str, text: str, media: str) -> str: """Process incoming message and generate response.""" text_lower = text.lower()

if "order status" in text_lower:
    return "Your order #1234 is out for delivery!"
elif "support" in text_lower:
    return "A support agent will contact you shortly."
else:
    return "Thanks for your message! Reply with 'order status' or 'support'."

Send typing indicator (2025 feature)

def send_typing_indicator(to: str): """Let user know you're typing.""" # Requires Senders API setup pass

Anti_patterns

• Sending non-template messages outside 24-hour window
• Not tracking session windows per user
• Exceeding 1024 char limit for session messages
• Not handling template rejection errors

Webhook Handler Pattern

Handle Twilio webhooks for delivery status, incoming messages, and call events. Critical: always validate X-Twilio-Signature.

Twilio sends webhooks for:

• Message status updates (queued → sent → delivered/failed)
• Incoming SMS/WhatsApp messages
• Call events (initiated, ringing, answered, completed)
• Recording/transcription ready

When to use: Tracking message delivery status,Receiving incoming messages,Call analytics and logging,Voicemail transcription processing

from flask import Flask, request, abort from twilio.request_validator import RequestValidator from functools import wraps import os import logging

app = Flask(name) logger = logging.getLogger(name)

def validate_twilio_signature(f): """ Validate that request came from Twilio. CRITICAL: Always use this for webhook endpoints. """ @wraps(f) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): validator = RequestValidator(os.environ["TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN"])

    # Build full URL (including query params)
    url = request.url

    # Get POST body as dict
    params = request.form.to_dict()

    # Get signature from header
    signature = request.headers.get("X-Twilio-Signature", "")

    if not validator.validate(url, params, signature):
        logger.warning(f"Invalid Twilio signature from {request.remote_addr}")
        abort(403)

    return f(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper

@app.route("/webhooks/twilio/sms/status", methods=["POST"]) @validate_twilio_signature def sms_status_callback(): """ Handle SMS delivery status updates.

Status progression: queued → sending → sent → delivered
Or: queued → sending → undelivered/failed
"""
message_sid = request.form.get("MessageSid")
status = request.form.get("MessageStatus")
error_code = request.form.get("ErrorCode")
error_message = request.form.get("ErrorMessage")

logger.info(f"SMS {message_sid}: {status}")

if status == "delivered":
    # Message successfully delivered
    update_message_status(message_sid, "delivered")

elif status == "undelivered":
    # Carrier rejected or other failure
    logger.error(f"SMS failed: {error_code} - {error_message}")
    handle_failed_message(message_sid, error_code, error_message)

elif status == "failed":
    # Twilio couldn't send
    logger.error(f"SMS send failed: {error_code}")
    handle_failed_message(message_sid, error_code, error_message)

return "", 200

@app.route("/webhooks/twilio/sms/incoming", methods=["POST"]) @validate_twilio_signature def incoming_sms(): """ Handle incoming SMS messages. """ from_number = request.form.get("From") to_number = request.form.get("To") body = request.form.get("Body") num_media = int(request.form.get("NumMedia", 0))

# Handle media attachments
media_urls = []
for i in range(num_media):
    media_urls.append(request.form.get(f"MediaUrl{i}"))

# Check for opt-out keywords
if body.strip().upper() in ["STOP", "UNSUBSCRIBE", "CANCEL"]:
    handle_opt_out(from_number)
    return "", 200

# Check for opt-in keywords
if body.strip().upper() in ["START", "SUBSCRIBE"]:
    handle_opt_in(from_number)
    return "", 200

# Process message
process_incoming_sms(from_number, body, media_urls)

return "", 200

@app.route("/webhooks/twilio/voice/status", methods=["POST"]) @validate_twilio_signature def voice_status_callback(): """Handle call status updates.""" call_sid = request.form.get("CallSid") status = request.form.get("CallStatus") duration = request.form.get("CallDuration") direction = request.form.get("Direction")

# Call statuses: initiated, ringing, in-progress, completed, busy, no-answer, canceled, failed

logger.info(f"Call {call_sid}: {status} ({duration}s)")

if status == "completed":
    # Call ended normally
    log_call_completion(call_sid, duration)

elif status in ["busy", "no-answer", "canceled", "failed"]:
    # Call didn't connect
    handle_failed_call(call_sid, status)

return "", 200

Helper functions

def update_message_status(message_sid: str, status: str): """Update message status in database.""" pass

def handle_failed_message(message_sid: str, error_code: str, error_msg: str): """Handle failed message delivery.""" # Notify team, retry logic, etc. pass

def handle_opt_out(phone: str): """Handle user opting out of messages.""" # Mark user as opted out in database # IMPORTANT: Must respect this! pass

def handle_opt_in(phone: str): """Handle user opting back in.""" pass

def process_incoming_sms(from_phone: str, body: str, media: list): """Process incoming SMS message.""" pass

def log_call_completion(call_sid: str, duration: str): """Log completed call.""" pass

def handle_failed_call(call_sid: str, status: str): """Handle call that didn't connect.""" pass

Anti_patterns

• Not validating X-Twilio-Signature
• Exposing webhook URLs without authentication
• Not handling opt-out keywords (STOP)
• Blocking webhook response (should be fast)

Rate Limit and Retry Pattern

Handle Twilio rate limits and implement proper retry logic.

Default limits:

• SMS: 80 messages per second (MPS)
• Voice: Varies by number type and region
• API calls: 100 requests per second

Error codes:

• 20429: Voice API rate limit
• 30429: Messaging API rate limit

When to use: High-volume messaging applications,Bulk SMS campaigns,Automated calling systems

import time import random from functools import wraps from twilio.base.exceptions import TwilioRestException import logging

logger = logging.getLogger(name)

def exponential_backoff_retry( max_retries: int = 5, base_delay: float = 1.0, max_delay: float = 60.0, rate_limit_codes: list = [20429, 30429] ): """ Decorator for exponential backoff retry on rate limits.

Uses jitter to prevent thundering herd.
"""
def decorator(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        last_exception = None

        for attempt in range(max_retries + 1):
            try:
                return func(*args, **kwargs)

            except TwilioRestException as e:
                last_exception = e

                # Only retry on rate limit errors
                if e.code not in rate_limit_codes:
                    raise

                if attempt == max_retries:
                    logger.error(f"Max retries exceeded: {e}")
                    raise

                # Calculate delay with jitter
                delay = min(
                    base_delay * (2 ** attempt) + random.uniform(0, 1),
                    max_delay
                )

                logger.warning(
                    f"Rate limited (attempt {attempt + 1}/{max_retries}). "
                    f"Retrying in {delay:.1f}s"
                )
                time.sleep(delay)

        raise last_exception

    return wrapper
return decorator

Usage

from twilio.rest import Client

client = Client(account_sid, auth_token)

@exponential_backoff_retry(max_retries=5) def send_sms(to: str, body: str): return client.messages.create( to=to, from_=from_number, body=body )

Bulk sending with rate limiting

import asyncio from asyncio import Semaphore

class RateLimitedSender: """ Send messages with built-in rate limiting. Stays under Twilio's 80 MPS limit. """

def __init__(self, client, from_number: str, mps: int = 50):
    self.client = client
    self.from_number = from_number
    self.mps = mps
    self.semaphore = Semaphore(mps)

async def send_bulk(self, messages: list[dict]) -> list[dict]:
    """
    Send messages with rate limiting.

    Args:
        messages: List of {"to": "+1...", "body": "..."}

    Returns:
        Results for each message
    """
    tasks = [
        self._send_with_limit(msg["to"], msg["body"])
        for msg in messages
    ]

    return await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)

async def _send_with_limit(self, to: str, body: str):
    """Send single message with semaphore-based rate limit."""
    async with self.semaphore:
        try:
            # Use sync client in thread pool
            loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
            result = await loop.run_in_executor(
                None,
                lambda: self.client.messages.create(
                    to=to,
                    from_=self.from_number,
                    body=body
                )
            )
            return {"success": True, "sid": result.sid, "to": to}

        except TwilioRestException as e:
            return {"success": False, "error": str(e), "to": to}

        finally:
            # Delay to maintain rate limit
            await asyncio.sleep(1 / self.mps)

Usage

async def send_campaign(): sender = RateLimitedSender(client, from_number, mps=50)

messages = [
    {"to": "+14155551234", "body": "Hello!"},
    {"to": "+14155555678", "body": "Hello!"},
    # ... thousands of messages
]

results = await sender.send_bulk(messages)

successful = sum(1 for r in results if r.get("success"))
print(f"Sent {successful}/{len(messages)} messages")

Anti_patterns

• Retrying immediately without backoff
• No jitter causing thundering herd
• Retrying non-rate-limit errors
• Exceeding Twilio's MPS limit

Examples

Example 1: Ask for the upstream workflow directly

Use @twilio-communications-v2 to handle <task>. Start from the copied upstream workflow, load only the files that change the outcome, and keep provenance visible in the answer.

Explanation: This is the safest starting point when the operator needs the imported workflow, but not the entire repository.

Example 2: Ask for a provenance-grounded review

Review @twilio-communications-v2 against metadata.json and ORIGIN.md, then explain which copied upstream files you would load first and why.

Explanation: Use this before review or troubleshooting when you need a precise, auditable explanation of origin and file selection.

Example 3: Narrow the copied support files before execution

Use @twilio-communications-v2 for <task>. Load only the copied references, examples, or scripts that change the outcome, and name the files explicitly before proceeding.

Explanation: This keeps the skill aligned with progressive disclosure instead of loading the whole copied package by default.

Example 4: Build a reviewer packet

Review @twilio-communications-v2 using the copied upstream files plus provenance, then summarize any gaps before merge.

Explanation: This is useful when the PR is waiting for human review and you want a repeatable audit packet.

Best Practices

Treat the generated public skill as a reviewable packaging layer around the upstream repository. The goal is to keep provenance explicit and load only the copied source material that materially improves execution.

• Keep the imported skill grounded in the upstream repository; do not invent steps that the source material cannot support.
• Prefer the smallest useful set of support files so the workflow stays auditable and fast to review.
• Keep provenance, source commit, and imported file paths visible in notes and PR descriptions.
• Point directly at the copied upstream files that justify the workflow instead of relying on generic review boilerplate.
• Treat generated examples as scaffolding; adapt them to the concrete task before execution.
• Route to a stronger native skill when architecture, debugging, design, or security concerns become dominant.

Troubleshooting

Problem: The operator skipped the imported context and answered too generically

Symptoms: The result ignores the upstream workflow in plugins/antigravity-awesome-skills/skills/twilio-communications, fails to mention provenance, or does not use any copied source files at all. Solution: Re-open metadata.json, ORIGIN.md, and the most relevant copied upstream files. Check the external_source block first, then restate the provenance before continuing.

Problem: The imported workflow feels incomplete during review

Symptoms: Reviewers can see the generated SKILL.md, but they cannot quickly tell which references, examples, or scripts matter for the current task. Solution: Point at the exact copied references, examples, scripts, or assets that justify the path you took. If the gap is still real, record it in the PR instead of hiding it.

Problem: The task drifted into a different specialization

Symptoms: The imported skill starts in the right place, but the work turns into debugging, architecture, design, security, or release orchestration that a native skill handles better. Solution: Use the related skills section to hand off deliberately. Keep the imported provenance visible so the next skill inherits the right context instead of starting blind.

Imported Troubleshooting Notes

Imported: Implement retry logic for transient failures

TRANSIENT_ERRORS = [30003, 30008, 30009]  # Retriable errors

async def send_with_retry(to: str, body: str, max_retries: int = 3):
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        result = send_sms(to, body)

        if result["success"]:
            return result

        if result.get("error_code") not in TRANSIENT_ERRORS:
            # Don't retry permanent failures
            return result

        # Exponential backoff: 5min, 15min, 45min
        delay = 300 * (3 ** attempt)
        await asyncio.sleep(delay)

    return {"success": False, "error": "Max retries exceeded"}

Related Skills

• @00-andruia-consultant - Use when the work is better handled by that native specialization after this imported skill establishes context.
• @00-andruia-consultant-v2 - Use when the work is better handled by that native specialization after this imported skill establishes context.
• @10-andruia-skill-smith - Use when the work is better handled by that native specialization after this imported skill establishes context.
• @10-andruia-skill-smith-v2 - Use when the work is better handled by that native specialization after this imported skill establishes context.

Additional Resources

Use this support matrix and the linked files below as the operator packet for this imported skill. They should reflect real copied source material, not generic scaffolding.

Imported Reference Notes

Imported: Sharp Edges

Sending to Users Who Opted Out (Error 21610)

Severity: HIGH

Situation: Sending SMS to a phone number

Symptoms: Message fails with error code 21610. Twilio rejects the message. User never receives the SMS. Same number worked before.

Why this breaks: The recipient replied "STOP" (or UNSUBSCRIBE, CANCEL, etc.) to a previous message from your number. Twilio automatically honors opt-outs and blocks further messages to that number from your account.

This is legally required for US messaging (TCPA, CTIA guidelines). You cannot override this - the user must reply "START" to opt back in.

Recommended fix:

Imported: Track opt-out status in your database

# In your webhook handler
@app.route("/webhooks/sms/incoming", methods=["POST"])
def incoming_sms():
    from_number = request.form.get("From")
    body = request.form.get("Body", "").strip().upper()

    # Standard opt-out keywords
    if body in ["STOP", "UNSUBSCRIBE", "CANCEL", "END", "QUIT"]:
        mark_user_opted_out(from_number)
        return "", 200

    # Standard opt-in keywords
    if body in ["START", "SUBSCRIBE", "YES", "UNSTOP"]:
        mark_user_opted_in(from_number)
        return "", 200

    # Process other messages...

# Before sending
def send_sms_safe(to: str, body: str):
    if is_user_opted_out(to):
        return {"success": False, "error": "User has opted out"}

    try:
        return send_sms(to, body)
    except TwilioRestException as e:
        if e.code == 21610:
            # Update database - they opted out via carrier
            mark_user_opted_out(to)
        raise

Imported: Include opt-out instructions

Add "Reply STOP to unsubscribe" to marketing messages.

Phone Unreachable But Valid (Error 30003)

Severity: MEDIUM

Situation: Sending SMS to a mobile number

Symptoms: Message fails with

…(truncated)