duyet Security Hardening
RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
- Create roles:
CREATE ROLE analyst - Grant permissions:
GRANT SELECT ON db.* TO analyst - Assign to users:
GRANT analyst TO user1 - Hierarchical: roles can inherit from other roles
- Check grants:
SHOW GRANTS FOR user1 - Inspect user:
SHOW CREATE USER username - Password rotation:
ALTER USER username IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password'
Row Policies
- Restrict row access per user:
CREATE ROW POLICY p ON db.table FOR SELECT USING tenant_id = currentUser() - Policies are AND-ed together
- Use for multi-tenant data isolation
- Check policies:
system.row_policies
Quotas
- Limit resource usage per user/IP:
CREATE QUOTA q FOR user1 ... LIMIT max_queries = 100 - Quota intervals: per hour, per day, etc.
- Limits: max_queries, max_result_rows, max_read_rows, max_execution_time
- Monitor:
system.quota_usage
Network Security
- Restrict user access by IP:
CREATE USER u HOST IP '10.0.0.0/8' - Use TLS for client connections
- Inter-server encryption for replication
- Separate ports for internal vs external access
Audit Logging
- Enable
system.session_logfor login tracking system.query_logrecords all queries with user infosystem.text_logfor server-level events- Configure log retention with TTL
Best Practices
- Principle of least privilege — grant only needed permissions
- Use roles, not direct user grants
- Separate read-only and admin users
- Enable quotas for all non-admin users
- Regular audit of grants and access patterns
- Use
readonly = 1setting for monitoring connections