dvcrn Playwright CLI 技能
Playwright CLI是微软官方的浏览器自动化工具，支持Chromium、Firefox、WebKit三大主流浏览器，提供强大的网页自动化能力。
安装步骤
1. 安装Playwright CLI
npm install -g @playwright/test
# 或者
pip install playwright
2. 安装浏览器
playwright install
# 仅安装特定浏览器
playwright install chromium firefox
# 安装系统依赖（Linux环境）
playwright install-deps
核心常用命令
页面操作
# 打开指定网页
playwright open https://example.com
# 无头模式打开网页并截图
playwright screenshot https://example.com example.png
# 全屏截图
playwright screenshot https://example.com --full-page full.png
# 指定视口大小
playwright screenshot https://example.com --viewport-size=1920,1080 desktop.png
# 生成PDF
playwright pdf https://example.com example.pdf
# 自定义PDF格式
playwright pdf https://example.com --format=A4 --landscape report.pdf
录制用户操作
# 录制用户操作并生成代码
playwright codegen https://example.com
# 保存录制结果到文件
playwright codegen https://example.com --output script.py
# 生成指定语言的代码（python, javascript, java, csharp）
playwright codegen https://example.com --target python
测试相关
# 运行测试
playwright test
# 运行特定测试文件
playwright test tests/example.spec.js
# 有头模式运行测试（显示浏览器界面）
playwright test --headed
# 调试模式运行
playwright test --debug
# 生成测试报告
playwright show-report
浏览器管理
# 列出已安装的浏览器
playwright list-browsers
# 更新浏览器到最新版本
playwright install --force
# 卸载浏览器
playwright uninstall chromium
使用示例
示例1：批量截图多个网页
# 对多个网页进行全屏截图
for url in "https://google.com" "https://github.com" "https://stackoverflow.com"; do
name=$(echo $url | sed 's/https\?:\/\///' | sed 's/\//_/g')
playwright screenshot $url --full-page "${name}.png"
done
示例2：自动填写表单
# 录制生成的自动登录脚本示例
from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, sync_playwright, expect
def run(playwright: Playwright) -> None:
browser = playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)
context = browser.new_context()
page = context.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com/login")
page.get_by_label("用户名").fill("your_username")
page.get_by_label("密码").fill("your_password")
page.get_by_role("button", name="登录").click()
# 截图登录后的页面
page.screenshot(path="logged_in.png")
context.close()
browser.close()
with sync_playwright() as playwright:
run(playwright)
示例3：模拟移动端访问
# 模拟iPhone 14访问网页并截图
playwright screenshot https://example.com --device="iPhone 14" mobile.png
# 模拟安卓设备
playwright screenshot https://example.com --device="Galaxy S23" android.png
最佳实践
- 优先使用无头模式执行自动化任务，性能更高
- 复杂操作优先使用
codegen录制生成代码，再手动调整 - 执行长时间任务时添加
--slowmo=1000参数减慢操作速度，避免被反爬 - 保存登录状态使用
--save-storage=auth.json，下次可以直接--load-storage=auth.json跳过登录 - 网络不稳定时添加
--timeout=60000延长超时时间