Cpanel

cPanel Hosting Skill

Skill untuk deployment, konfigurasi, dan manajemen aplikasi di shared hosting berbasis cPanel.

Deploy Aplikasi ke cPanel

React/Vite (Static SPA)

Langkah-langkah

# 1. Build di lokal
npm run build

# 2. Upload isi folder dist/ ke public_html/ via:
#    - File Manager di cPanel
#    - FTP (FileZilla, Cyberduck)
#    - SSH (jika tersedia)
#    - Git (jika hosting support)

.htaccess untuk SPA (React Router)

Buat file .htaccess di public_html/:

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
  RewriteEngine On
  RewriteBase /

  # Jangan rewrite file & folder yang ada
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

  # Redirect semua ke index.html (SPA)
  RewriteRule ^ index.html [QSA,L]
</IfModule>

# Cache static assets
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
  ExpiresActive On
  ExpiresByType image/webp "access plus 1 year"
  ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 year"
  ExpiresByType image/jpg "access plus 1 year"
  ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 year"
  ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 year"
  ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 month"
  ExpiresByType font/woff2 "access plus 1 year"
</IfModule>

# Gzip compression
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
  AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/css application/javascript application/json image/svg+xml
</IfModule>

# Security headers
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
  Header set X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"
  Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
  Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
  Header set Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
</IfModule>

# Blokir akses file sensitif
<FilesMatch "\.(env|git|htpasswd|log|sql|bak)$">
  Order Allow,Deny
  Deny from all
</FilesMatch>

Deploy ke Subdirectory

Jika deploy di example.com/app/ bukan di root:

# .htaccess di public_html/app/
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
  RewriteEngine On
  RewriteBase /app/
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
  RewriteRule ^ index.html [QSA,L]
</IfModule>

Dan set base di vite.config.js:

export default defineConfig({
  base: '/app/',
  plugins: [react()],
})

Node.js App (jika hosting support)

Setup Node.js di cPanel

1. cPanel → Setup Node.js App
2. Pilih versi Node.js (18+)
3. Application root: app (folder di home)
4. Application URL: example.com
5. Application startup file: server.js
6. Klik Create

Passenger Config

cPanel pakai Phusion Passenger. File .htaccess di public_html/:

PassengerAppRoot /home/username/app
PassengerAppType node
PassengerStartupFile server.js

Domain & Subdomain

Addon Domain

cPanel → Domains → Create A New Domain

Domain: toko.example.com
Document Root: /public_html/toko

Subdomain

cPanel → Domains → Create A New Domain

Domain: api.example.com
Document Root: /public_html/api

Redirect

cPanel → Redirects

Type: Permanent (301)
From: http://www.example.com
To: https://example.com

DNS Zone Editor

cPanel → Zone Editor

Pointing Domain ke cPanel

Di registrar domain (Niagahoster, Namecheap, dll):

Nameserver 1: ns1.hostingprovider.com
Nameserver 2: ns2.hostingprovider.com

Atau pakai A Record: point ke IP server hosting.

SSL / HTTPS

AutoSSL (Let's Encrypt — Gratis)

cPanel → SSL/TLS Status → Run AutoSSL

• Otomatis active untuk semua domain
• Auto-renew setiap 90 hari

Force HTTPS

Tambahkan di .htaccess:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]

Install SSL Custom (jika perlu)

cPanel → SSL/TLS → Install and Manage SSL

• Paste Certificate (CRT)
• Paste Private Key (KEY)
• Paste CA Bundle (CABUNDLE)

Database MySQL

Buat Database

cPanel → MySQL Databases

1. Create database: username_appdb
2. Create user: username_appuser + password
3. Add user to database → privilege: ALL PRIVILEGES

phpMyAdmin

cPanel → phpMyAdmin

• Import: upload .sql file
• Export: backup database
• Query: jalankan SQL langsung

Koneksi dari Aplikasi

// Node.js
import mysql from 'mysql2/promise'

const db = await mysql.createConnection({
  host: 'localhost',       // biasanya localhost di shared hosting
  user: 'username_appuser',
  password: 'password',
  database: 'username_appdb',
})

// PHP
$pdo = new PDO(
  'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=username_appdb',
  'username_appuser',
  'password'
);

Remote MySQL

Jika aplikasi di server lain perlu akses DB: cPanel → Remote MySQL → tambahkan IP yang diizinkan

Email Hosting

Buat Email Account

cPanel → Email Accounts → Create

Email: info@example.com
Password: (strong password)
Storage: 1 GB

Akses Email

• Webmail: https://example.com:2096 atau https://webmail.example.com
• Email client (Outlook, Thunderbird):

  Incoming (IMAP): mail.example.com, port 993, SSL
  Outgoing (SMTP): mail.example.com, port 465, SSL
  Username: info@example.com
  Password: (password email)
  

Email Forwarder

cPanel → Forwarders

Forward: order@example.com → personal@gmail.com

SPF, DKIM, DMARC (anti-spam)

cPanel → Email Deliverability

• Klik Repair untuk auto-fix SPF dan DKIM
• Tambahkan DMARC record manual di Zone Editor:

  Type: TXT
  Name: _dmarc.example.com
  Value: v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:admin@example.com
  

Cron Jobs

Setup

cPanel → Cron Jobs

Contoh Command

# Backup database harian
0 2 * * * mysqldump -u username_appuser -p'password' username_appdb > /home/username/backups/db_$(date +\%Y\%m\%d).sql

# Hapus file temp > 7 hari
0 3 * * * find /home/username/tmp/ -type f -mtime +7 -delete

# Jalankan PHP script
0 */6 * * * /usr/local/bin/php /home/username/app/cron/sync.php

# Jalankan Node.js script
0 4 * * * cd /home/username/app && /usr/local/bin/node scripts/cleanup.js

# Curl endpoint (trigger API)
*/5 * * * * curl -s https://example.com/api/health > /dev/null

File Manager

Struktur Folder Penting

/home/username/
├── public_html/          ← Document root (website utama)
│   ├── index.html        ← Entry point
│   ├── assets/           ← JS, CSS, images (dari build)
│   ├── .htaccess         ← Rewrite rules
│   └── subdomain/        ← Addon domain / subdomain
├── public_ftp/           ← FTP root (biasanya kosong)
├── mail/                 ← Email data
├── logs/                 ← Access & error logs
│   ├── access.log
│   └── error.log
├── ssl/                  ← SSL certificates
├── tmp/                  ← Temporary files
└── app/                  ← Node.js app (jika pakai Setup Node.js)

File Permission

FTP / SFTP

Buat FTP Account

cPanel → FTP Accounts → Create

Username: deploy@example.com
Password: (strong password)
Directory: /public_html

Koneksi FTP (FileZilla)

Host: ftp.example.com (atau IP server)
Port: 21 (FTP) atau 22 (SFTP)
Protocol: SFTP jika tersedia (lebih aman)
Username: deploy@example.com
Password: (password)

Deploy via FTP Script

# Menggunakan lftp
lftp -u deploy@example.com,password ftp.example.com <<EOF
mirror -R --delete --only-newer dist/ public_html/
quit
EOF

PHP Configuration

Pilih PHP Version

cPanel → MultiPHP Manager → pilih versi per domain (7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3)

Edit php.ini

cPanel → MultiPHP INI Editor

Setting yang sering diubah:

upload_max_filesize = 64M
post_max_size = 64M
max_execution_time = 300
max_input_time = 300
memory_limit = 256M
display_errors = Off          ; Off di production
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE
date.timezone = Asia/Jakarta

Custom php.ini via .htaccess

php_value upload_max_filesize 64M
php_value post_max_size 64M
php_value max_execution_time 300

Backup & Restore

Full Backup

cPanel → Backup → Download a Full Account Backup

• Termasuk: files, databases, email, settings
• Biasanya di-download sebagai .tar.gz

Partial Backup

• Home Directory: download semua file
• MySQL Database: download per database
• Email Forwarders/Filters: download konfigurasi

Automated Backup via Cron

# Backup database harian, keep 7 hari terakhir
0 2 * * * mysqldump -u user -p'pass' dbname | gzip > /home/username/backups/db_$(date +\%Y\%m\%d).sql.gz
0 3 * * * find /home/username/backups/ -name "db_*.sql.gz" -mtime +7 -delete

# Backup files mingguan
0 4 * * 0 tar -czf /home/username/backups/files_$(date +\%Y\%m\%d).tar.gz /home/username/public_html/ --exclude='*.log'

JetBackup (jika tersedia)

cPanel → JetBackup → pilih tanggal → Restore

Troubleshooting

Error 500 (Internal Server Error)

# 1. Cek error log
cPanel → Error Pages ATAU tail /home/username/logs/error.log

# 2. Penyebab umum:
# - .htaccess syntax error
# - PHP fatal error
# - File permission salah (harus 644/755, bukan 777)
# - PHP version tidak compatible

# 3. Quick fix: rename .htaccess untuk test
mv .htaccess .htaccess.bak
# Jika website jalan → masalah di .htaccess

Error 403 (Forbidden)

# Penyebab umum:
# - Tidak ada index.html/index.php di folder
# - File permission terlalu restrictive
# - .htaccess memblokir akses
# - IP diblokir oleh firewall hosting

# Fix permission
chmod 755 public_html/
chmod 644 public_html/index.html

Error 404 (Not Found)

# Untuk SPA (React Router):
# - Pastikan .htaccess dengan RewriteRule sudah ada
# - Pastikan mod_rewrite aktif

# Untuk file statis:
# - Cek path file benar
# - Case sensitive di Linux (File.jpg ≠ file.jpg)

Website Lambat

# 1. Cek resource usage
cPanel → Resource Usage

# 2. Optimasi:
# - Enable Gzip compression (.htaccess)
# - Optimize images (WebP)
# - Enable browser caching (Expires header)
# - Minify CSS/JS (otomatis dari Vite build)

# 3. Jika masih lambat → upgrade hosting plan atau pindah ke VPS

Disk Space Penuh

# Cek di cPanel → Disk Usage
# Penyebab umum:
# - Email inbox penuh → hapus email lama
# - Log files besar → hapus/rotate
# - Backup lama → hapus yang tidak perlu
# - File temporary → bersihkan /tmp

# Cek folder terbesar via SSH
du -sh /home/username/*/ | sort -rh | head -10

Aturan cPanel

• Jangan upload node_modules/ ke hosting — upload hanya hasil build (folder dist/)
• Selalu test .htaccess setelah edit — typo bisa bikin error 500
• Backup sebelum perubahan besar
• Gunakan SFTP/SSH bukan FTP biasa (lebih aman)
• Jangan simpan credentials di file yang bisa diakses public
• Cek error log rutin — banyak masalah terdeteksi di sana
• Set file permission yang benar: 755 folder, 644 file, 600 config sensitif
• Jangan pakai 777 permission — risiko keamanan tinggi