ersinkoc SC: Clickjacking / UI Redressing
Purpose
Detects clickjacking vulnerabilities where applications can be embedded in iframes on malicious sites, tricking users into clicking hidden elements. Checks for missing X-Frame-Options header, missing Content-Security-Policy frame-ancestors directive, and framebusting bypass vulnerabilities.
Activation
Called by sc-orchestrator during Phase 2 when web applications serving HTML are detected.
Phase 1: Discovery
Keyword Patterns to Search
"X-Frame-Options", "frame-ancestors", "DENY", "SAMEORIGIN",
"helmet", "frameguard", "X_FRAME_OPTIONS",
"SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER", "clickjack"
Checks
- Is
X-Frame-Optionsheader set? (DENY or SAMEORIGIN) - Is
Content-Security-Policy: frame-ancestorsset? - Are both missing? (Clickjacking possible)
- Is there JavaScript-based framebusting that can be bypassed?
Configuration Examples
// VULNERABLE: No frame protection headers
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
res.send('<html>...'); // Can be iframed by any site
});
// SAFE: Using helmet
const helmet = require('helmet');
app.use(helmet.frameguard({ action: 'deny' }));
// Or CSP
app.use(helmet.contentSecurityPolicy({
directives: { frameAncestors: ["'self'"] }
}));
# Django settings.py
X_FRAME_OPTIONS = 'DENY' # SAFE
# If missing → VULNERABLE
// SAFE: Set header in middleware
func securityHeaders(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("X-Frame-Options", "DENY")
w.Header().Set("Content-Security-Policy", "frame-ancestors 'none'")
next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
})
}
Severity Classification
- Critical: Missing frame protection on pages with sensitive actions (transfers, settings)
- High: Missing frame protection on authenticated pages
- Medium: Missing frame protection on public pages with forms
- Low: Missing CSP frame-ancestors when X-Frame-Options is set (defense in depth)
Output Format
Finding: CLICK-{NNN}
- Title: Missing Clickjacking Protection
- Severity: Critical | High | Medium | Low
- Confidence: 0-100
- File: file/path:line
- Vulnerability Type: CWE-1021 (Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers)
- Description: Application does not set X-Frame-Options or CSP frame-ancestors headers.
- Impact: Users tricked into clicking hidden buttons/links on attacker-controlled pages.
- Remediation: Set
X-Frame-Options: DENYandContent-Security-Policy: frame-ancestors 'none'. - References: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1021.html
Common False Positives
- Embeddable widgets — applications designed to be embedded (maps, payment forms)
- API-only responses — JSON APIs don't render UI elements
- Proxy-level headers — frame protection set at nginx/Apache level, not in app code