Biomedical Engineering

What I do

• Design medical devices and diagnostic equipment
• Analyze physiological systems and model biological processes
• Develop biomedical imaging systems and signal processing
• Create prosthetic devices and rehabilitation technology
• Apply engineering principles to healthcare solutions

When to use me

• When developing medical devices or healthcare technology
• When analyzing biological signals (ECG, EEG, EMG)
• When designing prosthetic or orthotic devices
• When working on diagnostic equipment or imaging systems
• When modeling physiological processes

Key Concepts

Biomedical Signals

import numpy as np
from scipy import signal

# ECG processing example
def filter_ecg(raw_signal, fs=1000):
    # Remove powerline interference
    b, a = signal.iirnotch(60, 30, fs)
    filtered = signal.filtfilt(b, a, raw_signal)
    
    # Bandpass filter for QRS detection
    low, high = 5, 15
    b, a = signal.butter(4, [low, high], btype='bandpass', fs=fs)
    return signal.filtfilt(b, a, filtered)

# Heart rate calculation
def calculate_bpm(rr_intervals):
    return 60000 / np.mean(rr_intervals)

Medical Imaging Modalities

Biomechanics

# Joint torque calculation
def calculate_joint_torque(force, moment_arm):
    return force * moment_arm

# Impact analysis
def impact_force(mass, velocity, contact_time):
    impulse = mass * velocity
    return impulse / contact_time

Device Design Considerations

# Biocompatibility testing parameters
BIOCOMPATIBILITY_TESTS = [
    "Cytotoxicity",
    "Sensitization", 
    "Irritation",
    "Systemic toxicity",
    "Implantation"
]

# Material selection criteria
def select_implant_material(requirements):
    candidates = {
        "titanium": {"biocompatible": True, "strength": "high"},
        "stainless_steel": {"biocompatible": True, "strength": "medium"},
        "peek": {"biocompatible": True, "strength": "medium"},
        "hydroxyapatite": {"biocompatible": True, "strength": "low"}
    }
    return [m for m, p in candidates.items() 
            if all(p[k] == requirements.get(k) for k in p)]

Regulatory Framework

• FDA (US): 21 CFR Part 820 - Quality System Regulation
• EU MDR: Medical Device Regulation 2017/745
• ISO 13485: Quality management systems for medical devices
• IEC 60601: Electrical safety of medical equipment