ffsshhttiikk What I do
- Build REST APIs with Express.js
- Implement middleware for cross-cutting concerns
- Handle async errors properly
- Structure applications with routers
- Implement authentication and authorization
- Use proper error handling
- Configure CORS and security headers
- Write tests with Jest and Supertest
When to use me
When building Express.js applications or APIs.
Application Structure
src/
├── app.ts # App configuration
├── server.ts # Entry point
├── config/
│ ├── environment.ts
│ └── database.ts
├── routes/
│ ├── index.ts
│ ├── users/
│ │ ├── routes.ts
│ │ ├── controller.ts
│ │ ├── service.ts
│ │ ├── model.ts
│ │ └── validation.ts
│ └── posts/
├── middleware/
│ ├── auth.ts
│ ├── error.ts
│ ├── validation.ts
│ └── logging.ts
├── utils/
│ ├── logger.ts
│ └── helpers.ts
├── types/
│ └── express.d.ts
└── tests/
└── *.test.ts
Express Application
import express, { Application, Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
import cors from 'cors';
import helmet from 'helmet';
import compression from 'compression';
import { config } from './config/environment';
import { errorHandler } from './middleware/error';
import { requestLogger } from './middleware/logging';
import routes from './routes';
const app: Application = express();
// Security middleware
app.use(helmet());
app.use(cors({
origin: config.CORS_ORIGIN,
credentials: true,
}));
// Body parsing
app.use(express.json({ limit: '10mb' }));
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
// Compression
app.use(compression());
// Logging
app.use(requestLogger);
// Health check
app.get('/health', (req: Request, res: Response) => {
res.json({
status: 'healthy',
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
uptime: process.uptime(),
});
});
// API routes
app.use('/api/v1', routes);
// 404 handler
app.use((req: Request, res: Response) => {
res.status(404).json({
error: {
code: 'NOT_FOUND',
message: `Route ${req.method} ${req.path} not found`,
},
});
});
// Error handling
app.use(errorHandler);
export default app;
Router Structure
// routes/users/routes.ts
import { Router, Request, Response } from 'express';
import { userController } from './controller';
import { authenticate } from '../../middleware/auth';
import { validateRequest } from '../../middleware/validation';
import { createUserSchema, updateUserSchema } from './validation';
const router: Router = Router();
router.post(
'/',
authenticate,
createUserSchema,
validateRequest,
userController.create
);
router.get(
'/',
authenticate,
userController.list
);
router.get(
'/:id',
authenticate,
userController.getById
);
router.patch(
'/:id',
authenticate,
updateUserSchema,
validateRequest,
userController.update
);
router.delete(
'/:id',
authenticate,
userController.delete
);
export default router;
Controller with Error Handling
// routes/users/controller.ts
import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
import { userService } from './service';
import { CreateUserInput, UpdateUserInput } from './model';
export const userController = {
async create(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) {
try {
const input: CreateUserInput = req.body;
const user = await userService.create(input);
res.status(201).json({
success: true,
data: user,
});
} catch (error) {
next(error);
}
},
async list(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) {
try {
const { page = 1, limit = 20, sort = '-createdAt' } = req.query;
const { users, total } = await userService.list({
page: Number(page),
limit: Number(limit),
sort: String(sort),
});
res.json({
success: true,
data: users,
pagination: {
total,
page: Number(page),
limit: Number(limit),
pages: Math.ceil(total / Number(limit)),
},
});
} catch (error) {
next(error);
}
},
async getById(req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) {
try {
const { id } = req.params;
const user = await userService.getById(id);
if (!user) {
return res.status(404).json({
success: false,
error: {
code: 'USER_NOT_FOUND',
message: `User with ID ${id} not found`,
},
});
}
res.json({
success: true,
data: user,
});
} catch (error) {
next(error);
}
},
};
Middleware
// middleware/auth.ts
import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken';
import { config } from '../config/environment';
export interface AuthenticatedRequest extends Request {
user?: {
id: string;
email: string;
role: string;
};
}
export function authenticate(
req: AuthenticatedRequest,
res: Response,
next: NextFunction
): void {
const authHeader = req.headers.authorization;
if (!authHeader || !authHeader.startsWith('Bearer ')) {
res.status(401).json({
error: {
code: 'UNAUTHORIZED',
message: 'No token provided',
},
});
return;
}
const token = authHeader.split(' ')[1];
try {
const decoded = jwt.verify(token, config.JWT_SECRET) as {
id: string;
email: string;
role: string;
};
req.user = decoded;
next();
} catch (error) {
res.status(401).json({
error: {
code: 'INVALID_TOKEN',
message: 'Invalid or expired token',
},
});
}
}
export function authorize(...roles: string[]) {
return (req: AuthenticatedRequest, res: Response, next: NextFunction): void => {
if (!req.user) {
res.status(401).json({
error: { code: 'UNAUTHORIZED', message: 'Authentication required' },
});
return;
}
if (!roles.includes(req.user.role)) {
res.status(403).json({
error: { code: 'FORBIDDEN', message: 'Insufficient permissions' },
});
return;
}
next();
};
}
Error Handling
// middleware/error.ts
import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
import { ZodError } from 'zod';
import { config } from '../config/environment';
export class AppError extends Error {
constructor(
public statusCode: number,
public code: string,
message: string
) {
super(message);
this.name = 'AppError';
}
}
export function errorHandler(
err: Error,
req: Request,
res: Response,
next: NextFunction
): void {
console.error('Error:', {
name: err.name,
message: err.message,
stack: err.stack,
});
if (err instanceof ZodError) {
res.status(400).json({
success: false,
error: {
code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR',
message: 'Request validation failed',
details: err.errors.map((e) => ({
field: e.path.join('.'),
message: e.message,
})),
},
});
return;
}
if (err instanceof AppError) {
res.status(err.statusCode).json({
success: false,
error: {
code: err.code,
message: err.message,
},
});
return;
}
if (err.name === 'UnauthorizedError') {
res.status(401).json({
success: false,
error: {
code: 'UNAUTHORIZED',
message: 'Invalid authentication',
},
});
return;
}
res.status(500).json({
success: false,
error: {
code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
message: config.NODE_ENV === 'production'
? 'An unexpected error occurred'
: err.message,
},
});
}
Testing
// tests/users.test.ts
import request from 'supertest';
import app from '../app';
import { createTestUser, generateToken } from './fixtures';
describe('Users API', () => {
let testUser: any;
let authToken: string;
beforeAll(async () => {
testUser = await createTestUser();
authToken = generateToken(testUser);
});
describe('GET /api/v1/users', () => {
it('should return 401 without authentication', async () => {
const res = await request(app)
.get('/api/v1/users');
expect(res.status).toBe(401);
});
it('should return list of users with authentication', async () => {
const res = await request(app)
.get('/api/v1/users')
.set('Authorization', `Bearer ${authToken}`);
expect(res.status).toBe(200);
expect(res.body.success).toBe(true);
expect(Array.isArray(res.body.data)).toBe(true);
});
});
describe('POST /api/v1/users', () => {
it('should create a new user', async () => {
const newUser = {
email: 'newuser@example.com',
name: 'New User',
password: 'securepassword123',
};
const res = await request(app)
.post('/api/v1/users')
.set('Authorization', `Bearer ${authToken}`)
.send(newUser);
expect(res.status).toBe(201);
expect(res.body.success).toBe(true);
expect(res.body.data.email).toBe(newUser.email);
});
it('should validate required fields', async () => {
const res = await request(app)
.post('/api/v1/users')
.set('Authorization', `Bearer ${authToken}`)
.send({});
expect(res.status).toBe(400);
expect(res.body.error.code).toBe('VALIDATION_ERROR');
});
});
});