Molecular

What I do

• Explain molecular processes in cells
• Describe nucleic acid structure and function
• Discuss protein synthesis and function
• Explain genetic information flow
• Connect genes to cellular function
• Apply molecular biology techniques

When to use me

• When learning molecular biology basics
• When explaining cellular processes
• When studying genetic mechanisms
• When preparing educational content

Key Concepts

DNA Structure

• Double helix: Antiparallel strands
• Base pairing: A-T, G-C
• Sugar-phosphate backbone
• Major and minor grooves

RNA Types

• mRNA: Messenger, template for protein
• tRNA: Transfer, brings amino acids
• rRNA: Ribosomal, catalytic core
• miRNA: Micro, gene silencing
• snRNA: Small nuclear, splicing

Protein Structure

# Protein structure levels
protein_structure = {
    'primary': 'Amino acid sequence',
    'secondary': 'Alpha helices, beta sheets',
    'tertiary': '3D folding',
    'quaternary': 'Multi-subunit complexes'
}

# Amino acid properties
amino_acid_groups = {
    'nonpolar': 'A, V, I, L, M, F, W, P',
    'polar': 'S, T, C, Y, N, Q',
    'charged_positive': 'K, R, H',
    'charged_negative': 'D, E'
}

Genetic Code

• 64 codons: 61 sense + 3 stop
• Degenerate: Multiple codons per amino acid
• Universal (with exceptions)
• Start codon: AUG (Methionine)
• Stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA