Number Theory

Properties of integers

ffsshhttiikk 8af679b 902 B Updated

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What I do

  • Apply divisibility and prime factorization
  • Solve Diophantine equations
  • Work with modular arithmetic and congruences
  • Apply Euler's theorem and Fermat's little theorem
  • Analyze continued fractions
  • Study cryptographic applications

When to use me

When working with integer problems, cryptography, or coding theory.

Key Concepts

  • Euclidean Algorithm: gcd(a,b) = gcd(b, a mod b) for greatest common divisor
  • Prime Factorization: Unique up to order (Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic)
  • Modular Arithmetic: a ≡ b (mod n) means n divides (a-b)
  • Euler's Totient: φ(n) = count of integers ≤n coprime to n
  • Fermat's Little Theorem: a^{p-1} ≡ 1 (mod p) for prime p, a not divisible by p
  • Chinese Remainder Theorem: System of congruences has unique solution mod product

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Frequently asked questions

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