Migrations

Migrations

Standard Lucid migrations — BaseSchema subclasses in app/<mod>/database/migrations/<ts>_<name>.ts with up() and down(). Three things are specific to this starter kit:

1. Assumes no production data. When adding a column to an existing table, edit the existing create_<table>_table.ts migration and run pnpm ace migration:fresh instead of layering an alter_table migration on top. The goal is that every downstream project inherits a clean single migration per table, not a create-then-alter chain.
2. Migration paths are explicit per module in apps/web/config/database.ts → connections.postgres.migrations.paths. There is no autoloader. Add the module's path when it first gets a migration ([[module-scaffolding]]).
3. apps/web/app/core/database/schema.ts is auto-generated but committed — models import their schemas from it, so ace cannot boot on a fresh checkout without the file. Regenerated on migration:run / fresh; commit the diff alongside the migration change. Framework-owned — never hand-edit or lint it.

Rules

• Location: app/<mod>/database/migrations/<unix-ms-timestamp>_<name>.ts. Filename shape mirrors ace make:migration output.
• up() builds the table using this.schema.createTable(...) with knex-style builders. Include id primary first, business columns next, created_at (not null) and updated_at (nullable) at the bottom, plus any indexes.
• down() drops the table with this.schema.dropTable(this.tableName).
• Edit-in-place for schema evolution — the starter-kit rule. Add the column to create_<table>_table.ts, then pnpm ace migration:fresh to rebuild. Downstream projects that have production data adopt a stricter policy (alter-in-place chains, tools like pg_dump for reversibility).
• migration:fresh is destructive — drops every table, re-runs every migration. Never on shared / production DB.
• migration:run is additive — only runs migrations that haven't been applied. Use for adding net-new migrations without dropping data.
• Migration paths: append 'app/<mod>/database/migrations' to apps/web/config/database.ts when the module first gets a migration. Same for seeder paths (seeders.paths).
• Postgres types: text for strings without hard limits, jsonb for JSON payloads (not json — jsonb is queryable and indexable), timestamp for datetimes.
• Indexes: declare with table.index([...]) in the same migration. For lookup columns (user_id, tenant_id, notifiable_id), always add.
• Cross-module FKs live with the table's owner. An alter_table or foreign-key column on another module's table belongs in that module's migration, not yours. If ownership is muddy, add a join table in your own module instead — don't reach into a table you don't own.

Leaving the seed (real data)

The edit-in-place + migration:fresh convention holds only while there is no data you can't drop. Once a deployment has real rows, switch to the standard policy: never edit a shipped migration, never migration:fresh — add a new alter_table migration per change and run migration:run. The starter-kit rule is a bootstrapping affordance, not a production one.

Repo refs

• Migration paths registration: apps/web/config/database.ts (connections.postgres.migrations.paths).
• Canonical create migration (folded pattern — locale column was merged into the original users create): apps/web/app/users/database/migrations/1737139066942_create_users_table.ts.
• Notifications migration (fresh module scaffold): apps/web/app/notifications/database/migrations/1783197502000_create_notifications_table.ts.
• Second migration for related table: apps/web/app/notifications/database/migrations/1783197502001_create_notification_preferences_table.ts.
• Committed schema output: apps/web/app/core/database/schema.ts (auto-generated on migration:*; commit alongside the migration).
• Downstream memory of the convention: feedback_starter_kit_migrations.md (agent memory — same rule).

Doc refs

• Lucid migrations — https://lucid.adonisjs.com/docs/migrations
• Knex schema builder (Lucid uses knex under the hood) — https://knexjs.org/guide/schema-builder.html
• AdonisJS ace migration:* commands — https://lucid.adonisjs.com/docs/migrations#running-migrations

Workflow

Add a column to an existing table (starter kit rule)

1. Open app/<mod>/database/migrations/<ts>_create_<table>_table.ts.
2. Insert the table.<type>('column_name').nullable() line in the appropriate section.
3. Run pnpm ace migration:fresh. This drops everything and re-applies. Seeders (if any) run automatically.
4. Update the model to declare the new column.
5. Commit the regenerated app/core/database/schema.ts alongside the migration.

Add a wholly new table

1. Create app/<mod>/database/migrations/<ts>_create_<name>_table.ts following the shape:

   import { BaseSchema } from '@adonisjs/lucid/schema'
   
   export default class extends BaseSchema {
     protected tableName = 'invoices'
     async up() {
       this.schema.createTable(this.tableName, (table) => {
         table.increments('id').primary()
         table.integer('user_id').notNullable().index()
         table.integer('amount_cents').notNullable()
         table.text('currency').notNullable()
         table.timestamp('created_at').notNullable()
         table.timestamp('updated_at').nullable()
       })
     }
     async down() { this.schema.dropTable(this.tableName) }
   }
   

2. Append the module's migration path to config/database.ts if this is the module's first migration.
3. pnpm ace migration:run (additive) if you don't want to wipe existing data, or migration:fresh if it's a fresh start.

Rebuild the local DB from scratch

pnpm ace migration:fresh

Drops all tables, re-runs every migration. Regenerates app/core/database/schema.ts — commit the diff alongside the migration change.

Check migration status

pnpm ace migration:status

Lists every migration file and whether it's applied.

Anti-patterns

• ❌ Layering alter_table migrations on top of a create_<table> migration you own — this is a starter kit; fold in-place.
• ❌ Running migration:fresh against a shared / production DB — destroys everything.
• ❌ Adding a migration and forgetting to register its module's path in config/database.ts — the migration file is invisible.
• ❌ Storing arbitrary JSON in a json column instead of jsonb — jsonb is queryable and indexable.
• ❌ Skipping indexes on lookup columns (user_id, notifiable_id, etc.) — expensive at scale.
• ❌ Using id as a string / uuid on new tables without a reason — the repo convention is table.increments('id').primary().

Related skills

[[module-scaffolding]] · [[crud]] · [[testing]]