Rust CLI

Rust CLI Delivery

Treat the command-line interface as a stable user protocol rather than embedding business logic directly in main. Complete an end-to-end loop from contract confirmation, implementation to real process verification.

Confirm Constraints

Before making changes, confirm requirements, existing help text, scripts, READMEs, tests, and release configurations:

• Command name, subcommands, arguments, defaults, mutual exclusions, compatibility requirements;
• Human output format versus machine output (quiet mode, verbose, JSON, colorless);
• Input priority for stdin, files, and arguments; stdout/file write destinations;
• Exit codes corresponding to success, usage errors, data errors, transient failures;
• Supported platforms, shells, TTY/pipes environments, MSRV, dependency versions;
• Configuration file precedence over environment variables over command-line options.

If critical contracts are missing, infer the minimal compatible solution from existing behavior and tests while explicitly stating assumptions. Do not arbitrarily alter flags, output text, or exit codes.

Workflow

1. Establish Behavior Baseline

Check entry points and build boundaries:

rustc --version --verbose
cargo metadata --no-deps --format-version 1
cargo test --all-targets
cargo run -- --help

Record at least one successful invocation with its parameters, stdout, stderr, and exit code; record at least one failed invocation. Existing snapshots or shell callers serve as compatibility constraints.

2. Define Command Contracts

Write a behavior matrix first, then implement parsing logic. Distinguish:

• Required positional arguments, optional arguments, repeatable options, subcommands;
• User input errors versus runtime errors;
• Normal data output versus diagnostic output;
• Interactive vs non-interactive modes;
• Stable machine format versus evolvable human-readable formats.

When using parsers like clap, rely on official documentation for locked repository versions. Do not mix derive attributes or APIs from different major versions based on memory.

3. Separate Parsing, Execution, and Presentation

Keep the entry point thin:

Process parameters & environment
    -> Parse into Options/Command
    -> Call testable run(command, io, context)
    -> Map domain results to output and ExitCode

Let domain logic return structured results or errors; only decide color codes, newlines, stderr messages, and exit codes at boundaries. Avoid calling process::exit directly in deep functions, reading global environment variables indiscriminately, or printing unconditionally.

4. Implement I/O with Configuration Priority

• Inject input/output adapters using BufRead, Write, or explicit wrappers for testable pipe behavior;
• Write normal results to stdout; diagnostic and progress messages go to stderr;
• Do not mix logs, colors, or progress bars when consuming pipes from stdout;
• Enable interactive prompts only after detecting a TTY, providing an option to override this behavior;
• Use Path/PathBuf; do not manually concatenate platform-specific paths.

Explicitly define precedence: CLI > Environment Variables > Configuration Files > Defaults. Write tests for conflicts where applicable. When writing files, consider partial writes, atomic replacement strategies, existing file policies, and permission sensitivities. Read Command Contract & I/O if specific command matrices, standard streams, or configuration patterns are needed.

5. Design Operable Errors

• Provide short, contextual, actionable error messages for expected failures;
• Do not print debug stacks or sensitive values to terminal users by default;
• Retain the full error chain for detailed modes and logging purposes;
• Map error categories into stable exit codes;
• Handle broken pipes correctly: do not generate noise when downstream filters close prematurely.

Do not use unwrap()/expect() on user input, files, network operations, or configuration failures.

6. Verify with Real Processes

Ensure coverage of at least the following scenarios:

1. --help and --version;
2. A successful execution path;
3. Unknown parameters, missing arguments, conflicting options;
4. Separation between stdout and stderr streams;
5. Precise exit codes;
6. stdin pipe or temporary file behavior;
7. Configuration precedence without TTY support;
8. Path risks involving spaces, non-UTF-8 content, or platform differences (when applicable).

Prioritize testing compiled binaries over parsing functions alone. Read CLI Testing & Release if test coverage and release artifacts are required. General test stratification is delegated to rust-testing.

7. Validate Distribution Forms

Enforce repository-level gates:

cargo fmt --all -- --check
cargo check --all-targets
cargo test --all-targets
cargo clippy --all-targets -- -D warnings
cargo build --release

If cross-platform or specific target support is declared, verify in the corresponding environment or CI matrix. Packaging, features, workspace configuration, cross-compilation, and release details are handled by rust-cargo-build.

8. Handle Daemon, IPC, Terminal Modes

When a CLI includes persistent daemons, local IPC, PTYs, TUIes, or similar: do not keep all code in the binary crate. Separate parsing logic, protocol DTOs, platform layers, clients, servers, and public SDKs accordingly. Write end-to-end tests for handshake versions, capability negotiation, frame sizes, race conditions during auto-startup, signals, attach upgrades, shutdown sequences, and tool/boundary selection per Daemon & IPC Terminal Toolkit.

Completion Criteria

Report completion only when all of the following are satisfied:

• Command contracts and compatibility assumptions are clearly defined;
• Business logic is separated from process boundaries;
• Real-process tests exist for stdout, stderr, exit codes, and configuration precedence;
• fmt, check, test, and Clippy pass;
• Supported platforms and distribution artifacts have evidence of support; unverified parts are explicitly marked.

Handoff Boundaries

On-Demand Resources

• Command Contract & I/O: Read when designing parameters, standard streams, configuration, and exit codes.
• CLI Testing & Release: Read before writing real-process tests or preparing for release.
• Daemon & IPC Terminal Toolkit: Read when building local daemons, control protocols, PTYs, TUIes, or cross-platform terminal applications.
• Example Scenarios: Read if end-to-end task templates are required.
• examples/golden-cli/: Use offline compilation to verify stdout, stderr, and exit codes for golden examples.

References

• Rust Command-line apps
• Command Line Applications in Rust
• std::process (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/process/)
• std::io (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/io/)
• std::path (https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/path/)