Zig Raylib

Zig raylib Bindings Reference

This skill covers Zig bindings for the raylib 5.5 game development library. Use for 2D/3D graphics, input handling, texture/audio/model loading, or implementing game loops.

Capability Boundaries

✅ Strong Suits

1. 2D/3D graphics rendering
2. Game loops and input handling
3. Texture, audio, model loading and management
4. Camera2D/Camera3D systems
5. Collision detection, shaders, PBR materials, skeletal animation

⚠️ Requirements

1. Requires Zig compiler version ≥ 0.15.1
2. Requires raylib-zig dependency (added via build.zig.zon)

❌ Out of Scope (with alternatives)

1. Do not use this for SDL3 multimedia development → use zig-sdl3-bindings skill instead
2. Do not use this for Zig language basics → use zig-0.16 skill instead
3. Do not use this for other language game development → use the corresponding language skill

When to use

Use this skill when the user needs to write raylib games/applications, handle 2D/3D graphics, input, or game loops.

Data Privacy

This skill does not collect, store, or transmit any user data.

Zig raylib 5.5 Bindings Reference

Idiomatic Zig bindings for raylib 5.5, wrapping the C API with Zig patterns: error unions, optionals, slices, and defer-based resource management.

Version: raylib 5.5+ (raylib-zig bindings) Minimum Zig: 0.15.1

Quick Start

Example invocations:

Create a raylib + Zig window with a triangle
Load a texture and draw a sprite in raylib
Set up Camera2D to follow the player
Implement audio playback in raylib

Workflow

Step 1. Configure dependencies — Add raylib-zig to build.zig.zon, import the module in build.zig Step 2. Initialize window — Use rl.initWindow() to set up the window and rendering context Step 3. Implement game loop — Draw in a while (!rl.windowShouldClose()) loop Step 4. Load resources — Load textures, audio, models; use defer to ensure cleanup Step 5. Handle input — Respond to keyboard/mouse/gamepad input Step 6. Release resources — Free all resources before closing the window

Minimum Zig: 0.15.1

Critical: Build Configuration

build.zig.zon Dependency

.dependencies = .{
    .raylib_zig = .{
        .url = "git+https://github.com/raylib-zig/raylib-zig#main",
        .hash = "...",  // Get from build error on first run
    },
},

build.zig Setup

const std = @import("std");

pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
    const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
    const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});

    // Get raylib-zig dependency
    const raylib_dep = b.dependency("raylib_zig", .{
        .target = target,
        .optimize = optimize,
    });

    const exe = b.addExecutable(.{
        .name = "my-game",
        .root_module = b.createModule(.{
            .root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
            .target = target,
            .optimize = optimize,
        }),
    });

    // Add raylib module and link library
    exe.root_module.addImport("raylib", raylib_dep.module("raylib"));
    exe.root_module.linkLibrary(raylib_dep.artifact("raylib"));

    // Optional: add raygui for GUI widgets
    exe.root_module.addImport("raygui", raylib_dep.module("raygui"));

    b.installArtifact(exe);

    const run_cmd = b.addRunArtifact(exe);
    run_cmd.step.dependOn(b.getInstallStep());

    const run_step = b.step("run", "Run the game");
    run_step.dependOn(&run_cmd.step);
}

Import in Code

const rl = @import("raylib");

Critical: Basic Game Loop

const rl = @import("raylib");

pub fn main() !void {
    // Initialize window
    rl.initWindow(800, 450, "My Game");
    defer rl.closeWindow();

    rl.setTargetFPS(60);

    // Main game loop
    while (!rl.windowShouldClose()) {
        // Update game state here

        // Draw
        rl.beginDrawing();
        defer rl.endDrawing();

        rl.clearBackground(.ray_white);
        rl.drawText("Hello, raylib!", 190, 200, 20, .dark_gray);
    }
}

Critical: Error Handling Pattern

All loading functions return RaylibError!T:

pub const RaylibError = error{
    LoadFileData, LoadImage, LoadTexture, LoadRenderTexture,
    LoadFont, LoadFontData, LoadShader, LoadModel,
    LoadModelAnimations, LoadMaterial, LoadMaterials,
    LoadWave, LoadSound, LoadMusic, LoadAudioStream,
    // ... and more
};

Use try for loading resources:

const texture = try rl.loadTexture("assets/sprite.png");
defer rl.unloadTexture(texture);

const model = try rl.loadModel("assets/character.glb");
defer rl.unloadModel(model);

const shader = try rl.loadShader(null, "shaders/effect.fs");
defer rl.unloadShader(shader);

Critical: Common Mistakes (WRONG vs CORRECT)

// WRONG: Importing raymath as a separate module
const raymath = @import("raymath");
// CORRECT: Access raymath through the raylib module
const rl = @import("raylib");
// then use: rl.math.clamp(), rl.math.lerp(), rl.math.matrixMultiply(), etc.

// WRONG: Importing rlgl as a separate module
const rlgl = @import("rlgl");
// CORRECT: Access rlgl through the raylib module
const rlgl = rl.gl;  // or use rl.gl.* directly

// WRONG: Calling play as a method on sound
sound.play();
// CORRECT: Use free function for sound playback
rl.playSound(sound);

// WRONG: Calling crossProduct as a method on Vector2
const cross = v1.crossProduct(v2);
// CORRECT: Vector2 crossProduct is a FREE FUNCTION only
const cross = rl.math.vector2CrossProduct(v1, v2);
// NOTE: Vector3 DOES have crossProduct as a method: v1.crossProduct(v2)

// WRONG: Using try on functions that don't return error unions
const s = try rl.loadSoundFromWave(wave);
const a = try rl.loadSoundAlias(sound);
const img = try rl.getClipboardImage();
// CORRECT: These return their types directly (no error union)
const s = rl.loadSoundFromWave(wave);
const a = rl.loadSoundAlias(sound);
const img = rl.getClipboardImage();

// WRONG: Expecting raygui button() to return i32
const result: i32 = rg.button(bounds, "Click");
// CORRECT: raygui button() returns bool
if (rg.button(bounds, "Click")) { ... }

// WRONG: Passing const slice to raygui textBox
rg.textBox(bounds, "text", 64, editMode);
// CORRECT: textBox requires a mutable [:0]u8 slice
var buf: [64:0]u8 = .{0} ** 64;
_ = rg.textBox(bounds, &buf, 64, editMode);

Critical: Resource Management with Defer

Always pair load with unload using defer:

pub fn main() !void {
    rl.initWindow(800, 600, "Game");
    defer rl.closeWindow();

    rl.initAudioDevice();
    defer rl.closeAudioDevice();

    const texture = try rl.loadTexture("sprite.png");
    defer rl.unloadTexture(texture);

    const sound = try rl.loadSound("jump.wav");
    defer rl.unloadSound(sound);

    const font = try rl.loadFont("font.ttf");
    defer rl.unloadFont(font);

    // Game loop...
}

Critical: Type Initialization Patterns

Vector2, Vector3, Vector4

// Named init function
const pos = rl.Vector2.init(100, 200);
const pos3d = rl.Vector3.init(1, 2, 3);

// Static constructors
const zero = rl.Vector2.zero();
const

// Anonymous struct literal (type inferred from context)
rl.drawCircleV(.{ .x = 100, .y = 200 }, 50, .red);
rl.drawCube(.{ .x = 0, .y = 0, .z = 0 }, 2, 2, 2, .blue);

// When assigning to a typed variable
var target: rl.Vector2 = .{ .x = 400, .y = 300 };

Color

// Named colors (use directly)
rl.clearBackground(.ray_white);
rl.drawRectangle(10, 10, 100, 50, .red);

// Custom color
const custom = rl.Color.init(128, 64, 255, 255);

// Color utilities
const faded = rl.fade(.blue, 0.5);  // 50% transparent blue
const tinted = color.tint(.red);     // Apply tint

Rectangle

// Full struct literal
var rect = rl.Rectangle{ .x = 10, .y = 10, .width = 100, .height = 50 };

// Init function
const rect2 = rl.Rectangle.init(10, 10, 100, 50);

// Collision check method
if (rect.checkCollision(rect2)) {
    // Collision detected
}

Critical: Drawing Context Pattern

All drawing must occur between beginDrawing/endDrawing:

rl.beginDrawing();
defer rl.endDrawing();

rl.clearBackground(.ray_white);

// 2D shapes
rl.drawRectangle(10, 10, 100, 50, .red);
rl.drawCircle(200, 200, 50, .blue);
rl.drawLine(0, 0, 800, 450, .black);

// Text
rl.drawText("Score: 100", 10, 10, 20, .dark_gray);

// Textures
texture.draw(100, 100, .white);

Camera2D Pattern

var camera = rl.Camera2D{
    .target = .init(player.x, player.y),
    .offset = .init(screenWidth / 2, screenHeight / 2),
    .rotation = 0,
    .zoom = 1,
};

// In game loop:
camera.target = .init(player.x, player.y);  // Follow player
camera.zoom += rl.getMouseWheelMove() * 0.1;

// Drawing with camera
rl.beginDrawing();
defer rl.endDrawing();

rl.clearBackground(.ray_white);

{
    camera.begin();
    defer camera.end();

    // Draw world objects (affected by camera)
    rl.drawRectangleRec(player, .red);
    for (enemies) |enemy| {
        rl.drawCircleV(enemy.pos, enemy.radius, .blue);
    }
}

// Draw UI (not affected by camera)
rl.drawText("Score: 100", 10, 10, 20, .black);

Camera3D Pattern

var camera = rl.Camera3D{
    .position = .init(10, 10, 10),
    .target = .init(0, 0, 0),
    .up = .init(0, 1, 0),
    .fovy = 45,
    .projection = .perspective,
};

// Update camera with built-in modes
camera.update(.orbital);    // Orbit around target
// camera.update(.free);    // Free movement
// camera.update(.first_person);
// camera.update(.third_person);

// Drawing 3D
rl.beginDrawing();
defer rl.endDrawing();

rl.clearBackground(.ray_white);

{
    camera.begin();  // or: rl.beginMode3D(camera);
    defer camera.end();

    // Draw 3D objects
    rl.drawGrid(10, 1);
    rl.drawCube(.init(0, 1, 0), 2, 2, 2, .red);
    model.draw(.init(0, 0, 0), 1.0, .white);
}

// Draw 2D UI
rl.drawFPS(10, 10);

Input Handling

Keyboard

// Check if key was just pressed (single frame)
if (rl.isKeyPressed(.space)) {
    player.jump();
}

// Check if key is being held down (continuous)
if (rl.isKeyDown(.right)) {
    player.x += speed * dt;
} else if (rl.isKeyDown(.left)) {
    player.x -= speed * dt;
}

// Check if key was just released
if (rl.isKeyReleased(.escape)) {
    showMenu();
}

Mouse

// Mouse buttons
if (rl.isMouseButtonPressed(.left)) {
    shoot();
}

if (rl.isMouseButtonDown(.right)) {
    aim();
}

// Mouse position
const mousePos = rl.getMousePosition();
const worldPos = rl.getScreenToWorld2D(mousePos, camera);

// Mouse wheel
const wheelMove = rl.getMouseWheelMove();
camera.zoom += wheelMove * 0.1;

Gamepad

if (rl.isGamepadAvailable(0)) {
    if (rl.isGamepadButtonPressed(0, .right_face_down)) {  // A button
        player.jump();
    }

    const axisX = rl.getGamepadAxisMovement(0, .left_x);
    if (@abs(axisX) > 0.2) {  // Dead zone
        player.x += axisX * speed * dt;
    }
}

Collision Detection

2D Collisions

// Rectangle vs Rectangle
if (rl.checkCollisionRecs(rect1, rect2)) {
    // Handle collision
}

// Circle vs Circle
if (rl.checkCollisionCircles(center1, radius1, center2, radius2)) {
    // Handle collision
}

// Circle vs Rectangle
if (rl.checkCollisionCircleRec(circleCenter, radius, rect)) {
    // Handle collision
}

// Point vs Rectangle
if (rl.checkCollisionPointRec(point, rect)) {
    // Point inside rectangle
}

// Point vs Circle
if (rl.checkCollisionPointCircle(point, center, radius)) {
    // Point inside circle
}

// Line vs Line (returns collision point)
var collisionPoint: rl.Vector2 = undefined;
if (rl.checkCollisionLines(start1, end1, start2, end2, &collisionPoint)) {
    // Lines intersect at collisionPoint
}

3D Collisions

// Sphere vs Sphere
if (rl.checkCollisionSpheres(center1, radius1, center2, radius2)) {
    // Collision
}

// Box vs Box
if (rl.checkCollisionBoxes(box1, box2)) {
    // Collision
}

// Box vs Sphere
if (rl.checkCollisionBoxSphere(box, sphereCenter, sphereRadius)) {
    // Collision
}

Quick Reference

Named Colors: .white, .black, .ray_white, .blank, .red, .green, .blue, .yellow, .orange, .pink, .purple, .gray, .dark_gray, .light_gray, .gold, .lime, .sky_blue, .maroon, .violet, .beige, .brown, .dark_brown, .dark_green, .dark_purple, .magenta — or rl.Color.init(r, g, b, a) for custom.

Key Codes: .a-.z, .zero-.nine, .f1-.f12, .space, .enter, .escape, .tab, .backspace, .delete, .up/.down/.left/.right, .left_shift, .left_control, .left_alt

Mouse Buttons: .left, .right, .middle, .side, .extra, .forward, .back

Module Reference

Core

• Core API - Window, input, timing, Camera2D
• Drawing API - 2D shapes, textures, text, collision
• 3D API - Camera3D, models, animation, shaders, PBR
• Math & GL API - raymath (rl.math.*), rlgl (rl.gl.*)

GUI

• Raygui API - GUI widgets, styling, dialogs

Resources

• Resources API - Loading/unloading patterns

Audio

• Audio API - Sound, music, streaming

Examples

• Code Examples - Complete example patterns

Audience

Customization:

• Specify target platform (desktop / mobile)
• Specify graphics level (2D / 3D)

Gotchas

1. Version dependency — The build.zig.zon hash must be obtained from the compiler's first build error; cannot be pre-filled
2. Raygui is optional — Only add raygui when you need GUI widgets
3. Defer resource management — Textures, audio, and models must use defer for unload; verify cleanup coverage
4. Camera2D vs Camera3D — 2D games use Camera2D, 3D games use Camera3D; the rendering flow differs
5. Performance — Avoid many separate BeginDrawing()/EndDrawing() calls per frame. Use a validation checklist for performance bottlenecks

FAQ

Q: How does this skill differ from zig-sdl3-bindings? A: raylib focuses on "batteries-included" game development. SDL3 provides a lower-level, more flexible multimedia interface.

Q: How do I add raylib as a dependency? A: Add the raylib-zig git dependency in build.zig.zon, then import the module and link the library in build.zig.

Q: Does raylib support Android/iOS? A: raylib-zig supports multiple platforms, but mobile packaging requires additional cross-compilation toolchain configuration.