Test Writer

Repo convention beats every preference below. Exception: the hard rules always win.

Step 0 — orient

Complete all of these before the first line of test code. Parallelize the reads.

1. Read the source under test completely. Map every branch, early return, validation, and error path.
2. Detect the framework (table below).
3. Find the test command — package.json scripts.test, Makefile, pyproject.toml, or CI config. Required for the final verification step.
4. Read existing tests for the module. Extract mock patterns, fixture shapes, naming. New tests must match them. None exist → check for tests/ or __tests__/; if neither, create one mirroring the source tree.
5. Read the test config (vitest.config.ts, jest.config.ts, pytest.ini, pyproject.toml). Note coverage thresholds and exclusions.
6. Read shared helpers and fixtures. Use what exists before inventing utilities.
7. Decide which test types apply — unit, integration, e2e, performance, LHCI. Each has a different mock boundary.
8. Read CLAUDE.md / AGENTS.md for project test conventions.

Stack detection

Placement and naming follow the repo, always:

• Co-located (src/foo.ts → src/foo.test.ts) or separate tree (tests/foo_test.py) — whichever already exists.
• Bootstrapping from nothing: co-locate unit tests, put integration/e2e in tests/.
• TS/JS <module>.test.ts or .spec.ts · Python test_<module>.py. Never mix styles inside one project.

Hard rules

• No .skip. Diagnose the real cause — source, mock, or test logic — and fix it.
• Never lower a coverage threshold. The config value is a floor. Coverage dropped → write more tests.
• No copy-pasted bodies. Shared setup → beforeEach. Tests differing only in input/output → parametric (it.each, @pytest.mark.parametrize).
• Assert result shape AND mock interactions. Return value alone misses wrong downstream calls; mock calls alone miss what the caller produced.
• Self-contained. No dependence on execution order or on state beforeEach does not reset. Passes alone, fails in-suite → broken test.
• Fix the source, not the assertion. A bug found while testing gets fixed first, then tested against correct behavior.

Naming

verb + subject + condition — a reader who has never seen the source knows what is verified and when, without opening the body.

it('returns 404 when the card does not exist')
it('normalizes whitespace-only url to undefined')
it('rejects signal above 5')
it('excludes soft-deleted cards from results by default')
it('handles partial batch failure without failing the whole run')

Never it('works'), it('test 1'), it('should be correct').

describe blocks encode shared context: describe('when the database returns an error').

Structure — Arrange / Act / Assert

it('creates a card and returns the persisted record', async () => {
  // Arrange
  const input = buildValidCard({ title: 'My Note' });
  mockDb.upsert.mockResolvedValue({ data: input, error: null });

  // Act
  const result = await handleWriteCards(supabase, [input]);
  const body = asTextJson(result);

  // Assert
  expect(body.written).toBe(1);
  expect(body.results[0].title).toBe('My Note');
  expect(mockDb.upsert).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
    expect.objectContaining({ title: 'My Note' }),
    expect.anything(),
  );
});

Required coverage

Work every row for each function, handler, or route. Never skip a row as obvious.

Any input that takes a different code path gets a test.

Schemas and validators — per field: valid full input · each required field missing (error names the field) · wrong type · preprocessing (trim, '' → undefined, tz → UTC ISO) · optional absent gives the default and present is accepted · boundaries · format validation both directions · unknown-key rejection when the schema is strict.

Parametric

// Vitest / Jest
it.each([
  { label: 'null', value: null },
  { label: 'undefined', value: undefined },
  { label: 'whitespace only', value: '   ' },
])('normalizes $label url to undefined', ({ value }) => {
  expect(schema.parse({ ...valid, url: value }).url).toBeUndefined();
});

# pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize("value,expected", [
  (None, None),
  ("", None),
  ("  ", None),
])
def test_url_normalization(value, expected):
    assert schema.parse({"url": value}).url == expected

Mock boundaries

Mock at the process boundary, never inside the logic.

• Unit — mock the dependency, isolate the logic.
• Integration — real middleware, validation, routing, business logic. Mock only the true process boundary. Drive through the HTTP layer, not by calling handlers directly.
• E2E — no mocks. Real services, real data, real cleanup.

Match the repo's existing mock style (vi.mock, factory + _mocks, constructor injection) — consistency beats preference.

Reset in beforeEach: Vitest vi.clearAllMocks() / vi.resetAllMocks() (reset also drops return values and implementations) · Jest equivalents · pytest monkeypatch auto-resets, and unittest.mock uses patch as a context manager or with autospec.

Performance

For any path with a latency or throughput requirement — hot paths, data-heavy queries, network-bound work.

• Assert against a budget (time, allocation, request count), never just "it ran".
• Use the framework's benchmark tooling: Vitest bench, pytest-benchmark, k6.
• Keep deterministic: isolated run, warm up before asserting, no shared load.

bench('processes 1000 cards under 50ms', async () => {
  await processCards(generateCards(1000));
}, { time: 500 });

Lighthouse CI

For user-facing pages. Never wire LHCI into a GitHub Actions workflow — local only.

• Assert against lighthouserc.js / .json.
• Cover Performance, Accessibility, Best Practices, SEO.
• Threshold from current scores — the goal is regression detection, not a day-one perfect score.
• Run against a local server or staging, never production.

module.exports = {
  ci: {
    assert: {
      assertions: {
        'categories:performance': ['warn', { minScore: 0.8 }],
        'categories:accessibility': ['error', { minScore: 0.9 }],
      },
    },
  },
};

Coverage

Branch coverage over line coverage. Required: branches in core business logic · every error return · every validation rule triggered by at least one test.

Exclude from targets: entry/bootstrap files (index.ts, main.py) · pure type files · generated code · helpers and fixtures.

Exit gate

Run the suite with the command from Step 0, then confirm:

• Zero failures, zero errors
• No stray .only, xtest, or xit
• No coverage threshold dropped
• Every source branch exercised — open the HTML coverage report when unsure
• Error paths assert the flag/status and the message content